\u00c9g heiti Hekla, ef \u00e9g set DNA \u00far m\u00e9r \u00ed pl\u00f6ntu ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 plantan Hekluplanta? Afkv\u00e6mi l\u00edkjast foreldrum s\u00ednum \u00fev\u00ed \u00feau f\u00e1 erf\u00f0aefni (DNA) fr\u00e1 \u00feeim. \u00deetta \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um \u00f6ll afkv\u00e6mi, hvort sem \u00feau eru b\u00f6rn, d\u00fdr, pl\u00f6ntur e\u00f0a a\u00f0rar l\u00edfverur enda er DNA erf\u00f0aefni allra l\u00edfvera \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0inni. \u00cd n\u00e1tt\u00farunni getur DNA flust \u00e1 milli einstaklinga, en \u00fea\u00f0 er frekar sjaldg\u00e6ft. D\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 DNA og gen flytjist \u00e1 milli \u00f3l\u00edkra tegunda bakter\u00eda, og nokkur d\u00e6mi eru um flutning inn \u00ed d\u00fdr e\u00f0a pl\u00f6ntur.<\/p>\n
Me\u00f0 erf\u00f0at\u00e6kni geta menn flutt gen \u00e1 milli \u00f3l\u00edkra tegunda, til d\u00e6mis \u00far krossfiski inn \u00ed bakter\u00edu e\u00f0a \u00far manneskju inn \u00ed pl\u00f6ntu. \u00deetta er a\u00f0allega gert \u00ed ranns\u00f3knarskyni, til d\u00e6mis til a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 skilja starfsemi gena og l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma. Einnig eru gen flutt inn \u00ed gerla og pl\u00f6ntur til a\u00f0 gefa \u00feeim n\u00fdja eiginleika, e\u00f0a n\u00fdta \u00fe\u00e6r sem verksmi\u00f0jur. Sl\u00edk gen geta \u00fev\u00ed til d\u00e6mis gefi\u00f0 pl\u00f6ntum n\u00fdja eiginleika, til a\u00f0 mynda gert hana \u00f3n\u00e6mari fyrir sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum, en \u00feau breyta ekki pl\u00f6ntunni sem sl\u00edkri. Ef Hekla kemur DNA-b\u00fat af s\u00e9r \u00ed brennis\u00f3ley ver\u00f0ur plantan ekki svo au\u00f0veldlega a\u00f0 Heklus\u00f3ley. L\u00edtum betur \u00e1 spurninguna, og segjum a\u00f0 DNA-b\u00fatur \u00far Heklu hafi veri\u00f0 settu \u00ed brennis\u00f3ley (Ranunculus acris). \u00de\u00f3tt DNA \u00far Heklu s\u00e9 flutt \u00ed brennis\u00f3ley me\u00f0 erf\u00f0at\u00e6kni, mun ekki ver\u00f0a til Heklus\u00f3ley. Gen brennis\u00f3leyjarinnar ver\u00f0a enn\u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3skert ef tilraunin er r\u00e9tt ger\u00f0. Einn DNA b\u00fatur \u00far st\u00falku e\u00f0a annarri manneskju dugar ekki til a\u00f0 gefa pl\u00f6ntunni mannlegt yfirbrag\u00f0. Manneskjur hafa um 25.000 \u00f3l\u00edk gen, sem n\u00e6r \u00f6ll eru nau\u00f0synleg til a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feroskumst \u00far egginu og lifum. Erf\u00f0amengi brennis\u00f3leyjar hefur ekki veri\u00f0 ra\u00f0greint, en margar pl\u00f6ntur (til d\u00e6mis ma\u00eds) eru me\u00f0 fleiri en 30.000 gen. N\u00e6r \u00f6ll \u00feeirra eru nau\u00f0synleg fyrir \u00feroska og l\u00edf pl\u00f6ntunnar. Genin ein og s\u00e9r eru ekki n\u00e6g, heldur \u00feurfa \u00feau a\u00f0 vera \u00ed r\u00e9ttu umhverfi. Mannagenin \u00feurfa a\u00f0 vera \u00ed kjarna \u00ed mannafrumu, til d\u00e6mis eins og eggi, til a\u00f0 virka e\u00f0lilega. Kjarni \u00far mannafrumu mun ekki virka \u00ed frumu \u00far brennis\u00f3ley. \u00c1 sama h\u00e1tt mun s\u00f3leyjarkjarni ekki virka \u00ed mannafrumu. Hva\u00f0 mundi gerast ef blanda\u00f0 v\u00e6ri saman erf\u00f0amengi manns og pl\u00f6ntu og sett inn \u00ed mannafrumu? Akk\u00farat, \u00fea\u00f0 mun ekki virka. Sl\u00edkir blendingar eru \u00f3l\u00edfv\u00e6nlegir. \u00dev\u00ed er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 b\u00faa til skr\u00edmsli \u00e6vint\u00fdranna, hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 er v\u00e6ngja\u00f0i hesturinn Pegasus e\u00f0a fur\u00f0uplantan Triffid, me\u00f0 svona tilraunum. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 25.000 gen mannsins eru v\u00f6n a\u00f0 vinna saman \u2013 \u00feau hafa starfa\u00f0 saman \u00ed \u00f6llum m\u00f6nnum fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 h\u00e6ttum a\u00f0 vera apar. L\u00edta m\u00e1 \u00e1 samstarf gena tegundar eins og tannhj\u00f3l \u00ed st\u00f3rri klukku. Ef fj\u00f6ldi gena er tekinn \u00fat e\u00f0a m\u00f6rgum genum \u00far annarri tegund b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1 passa tannhj\u00f3lin ekki saman og allt fer \u00ed steik. En sum gen \u00far manneskju geta virka\u00f0 e\u00f0lilega \u00ed pl\u00f6ntufrumu. Orf-l\u00edft\u00e6kni notar til d\u00e6mis erf\u00f0at\u00e6kni til a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a mennska vaxtar\u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed byggfr\u00e6i (vaxtar\u00fe\u00e6ttir eru pr\u00f3t\u00edn sem stj\u00f3rna frumuskiptingum og frumus\u00e9rh\u00e6fingu). \u00de\u00e1 er eitt gen \u00far manni, sett inn \u00ed byggi\u00f0 og \u00feannig fyrir komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vaxtar\u00fe\u00e1tturinn er framleiddur \u00ed fr\u00e6inu. S\u00ed\u00f0an er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 einangra vaxtar\u00fe\u00e1ttinn \u00far fr\u00e6inu, og nota til d\u00e6mis vi\u00f0 tilraunir e\u00f0a \u00ed snyrtiv\u00f6rur. L\u00edta m\u00e1 \u00e1 samstarf gena tegundar eins og tannhj\u00f3l \u00ed st\u00f3rri klukku. Ef fj\u00f6ldi gena er tekinn \u00fat e\u00f0a m\u00f6rgum genum \u00far annarri tegund b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0, \u00fe\u00e1 passa tannhj\u00f3lin ekki saman og allt fer \u00ed steik. \u00deess vegna munu fur\u00f0uverur \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 Triffids-pl\u00f6ntur \u00e1fram tilheyra \u00e6vint\u00fdraheiminum. Myndin er \u00far sj\u00f3nvars\u00fe\u00e6tti fr\u00e1 2009. \u00dea\u00f0 getur \u00feess vegna skipt m\u00e1li hva\u00f0a gen er flutt inn \u00ed brennis\u00f3leyna. Einhver gen g\u00e6tu virka\u00f0 venjulega \u00ed pl\u00f6ntunni og gefi\u00f0 henni \u00f6rl\u00edtinn mennskan bl\u00e6. En h\u00fan ver\u00f0ur aldrei alv\u00f6ru Heklus\u00f3ley. Samantekt: Ef DNA \u00far st\u00falkunni Heklu er flutt me\u00f0 erf\u00f0at\u00e6kni \u00ed brennis\u00f3ley, mun ekki ver\u00f0a til Heklus\u00f3ley. Blendingar brennis\u00f3leyjar og manna eru ekki l\u00edfv\u00e6nlegir, \u00fev\u00ed gen hverrar tegundar eru v\u00f6n a\u00f0 vinna saman. Einhver gen g\u00e6tu virka\u00f0 venjulega \u00ed pl\u00f6ntunni, og gefi\u00f0 henni \u00f6rl\u00edtinn mennskan bl\u00e6. Arnar P\u00e1lsson. \u201e\u00c9g heiti Hekla, ef \u00e9g set DNA \u00far m\u00e9r \u00ed pl\u00f6ntu ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 plantan Hekluplanta?\u201c. V\u00edsindavefurinn 20.2.2015. http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/?id=68497<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00c9g heiti Hekla, ef \u00e9g set DNA \u00far m\u00e9r \u00ed pl\u00f6ntu ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 plantan Hekluplanta? Afkv\u00e6mi l\u00edkjast foreldrum s\u00ednum \u00fev\u00ed \u00feau f\u00e1 erf\u00f0aefni (DNA) fr\u00e1 \u00feeim. \u00deetta \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um \u00f6ll afkv\u00e6mi, hvort sem \u00feau eru b\u00f6rn, d\u00fdr, pl\u00f6ntur e\u00f0a … Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa