Vi\u00f0 ritu\u00f0um stutta r\u00fdni um n\u00fdlega b\u00f3k Gu\u00f0mundar Eggertssonar, R\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1ta l\u00edfsins, sem Bjartur gaf \u00fat 2014. Greinarst\u00fafurinn kom \u00fat \u00ed N\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ingnum og hefst svo.<\/p>\n
Leyndard\u00f3mar gena, bakter\u00eda og uppruna l\u00edfs<\/strong><\/p>\n Ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 erf\u00f0um, frumum og l\u00edfefnum g\u00e1tu af s\u00e9r sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ina \u00e1 fyrstu \u00e1ratugum s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar. \u00c1 \u00feeim \u00e1rum nam Gu\u00f0mundur Eggertsson \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn og kynntist ranns\u00f3knum sem l\u00f6g\u00f0u grunninn a\u00f0 sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0inni. Ranns\u00f3knir Gu\u00f0mundar snerust um gen bakter\u00eda og kerfin sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a erf\u00f0at\u00e1knm\u00e1li\u00f0, og s\u00ed\u00f0ar um erf\u00f0ir hitak\u00e6rra bakter\u00eda. \u00cd n\u00fdlegu ritger\u00f0asafni, R\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1ta l\u00edfsins, fjallar Gu\u00f0mundur um nokkur lykilatri\u00f0i sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0innar og tilg\u00e1tur og ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 uppruna l\u00edfsins.<\/p>\n B\u00f3kin er tv\u00edskipt. \u00cd fyrstu fj\u00f3rum \u00fe\u00e1ttunum rekur Gu\u00f0mundur s\u00f6gu erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0innar, kynnir hugmyndir um geni\u00f0, segir fr\u00e1 erf\u00f0um bakter\u00eda og veira \u00feeirra og \u00fatsk\u00fdrir loks l\u00edkani\u00f0 um byggingu erf\u00f0aefnisins DNA. S\u00ed\u00f0an eru hugmyndir og tilraunir tengdar uppruna l\u00edfsins raktar \u00ed \u00feremur \u00fe\u00e1ttum. Umr\u00e6\u00f0an um uppruna l\u00edfs sprettur n\u00e1tt\u00farulega \u00far sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0inni og er samofin grunnatri\u00f0um hennar, enda \u00feurfa tilg\u00e1turnar a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra tilur\u00f0 gena, pr\u00f3t\u00edna og kerfa frumunnar. Leyndard\u00f3mar gena og sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/strong> \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 margar af tilraunum bakter\u00eduveirusk\u00f3lans voru me\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum gl\u00e6sibrag. Flestar snertu \u00fe\u00e6r erf\u00f0ir veiranna. L\u00edfefnafr\u00e6\u00f0in var lengi vel sni\u00f0gengin en \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 fengust sk\u00fdrar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur sem hlutu \u00feegar fram li\u00f0u stundir a\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0a til l\u00edfefnafr\u00e6\u00f0inga og beinl\u00ednis kalla \u00e1 afskipti \u00feeirra. \u00deannig ur\u00f0u ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 hinum \u00f6rsm\u00e1u bakter\u00eduveirum einn helsti hvati \u00feess samruna erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra og l\u00edfefnafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra ranns\u00f3kna sem gengi\u00f0 hafa \u00cd fyrsta kafla b\u00f3karinnar er kynnt geni\u00f0 og e\u00f0li erf\u00f0a. Hvernig flytjast eiginleikar fr\u00e1 foreldrum til afkv\u00e6ma? Hvers vegna eru afkv\u00e6mi stundum st\u00e6rri e\u00f0a Vi\u00f0 ritu\u00f0um stutta r\u00fdni um n\u00fdlega b\u00f3k Gu\u00f0mundar Eggertssonar, R\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1ta l\u00edfsins, sem Bjartur gaf \u00fat 2014. Greinarst\u00fafurinn kom \u00fat \u00ed N\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ingnum og hefst svo. Leyndard\u00f3mar gena, bakter\u00eda og uppruna l\u00edfs Ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 erf\u00f0um, frumum og l\u00edfefnum g\u00e1tu af s\u00e9r sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ina … Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa
\n\u00cd lokin dregur Gu\u00f0mundur efni\u00f0 saman og tekst \u00e1 vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0g\u00e1tur l\u00edfsins.<\/p>\n
\nR\u00e9tt eins og erf\u00f0aefni\u00f0 er byggt upp af tveimur samofnum \u00fe\u00e1ttum eru r\u00e6tur sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0skildar en samtvinna\u00f0ar, \u00far \u00f6rverufr\u00e6\u00f0i, erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i, l\u00edfefnafr\u00e6\u00f0i og tilraunal\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i. Vi\u00f0fangsefni sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i eru fj\u00f6lbreytt. H\u00fan ber upp spurningar \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0: Hvernig virkar fruman, hva\u00f0 er gen, hvernig hafa gen og breytingar \u00ed \u00feeim \u00e1hrif \u00e1 svipfar, hvernig ver\u00f0a st\u00f6kkbreytingar og hv\u00ed hafa \u00f3l\u00edkar breytingar \u00ed geni missterk \u00e1hrif? V\u00edsindamenn me\u00f0 bakgrunn \u00ed \u00f3l\u00edkum fr\u00e6\u00f0um, jafnvel e\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar og l\u00e6knar, t\u00f3kust \u00e1 vi\u00f0 st\u00f3rar spurningar og hj\u00e1lpu\u00f0ust a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 svara \u00feeim. Framfarir \u00ed ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 byggingu gensins
\nur\u00f0u fyrir tilstu\u00f0lan v\u00edsindamanna \u00e1 svi\u00f0i bakter\u00eduerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i, en \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e1 rak \u00ed strand n\u00fdttust ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur fengnar me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um, svo sem l\u00edfefnafr\u00e6\u00f0i. Gu\u00f0mundur l\u00fdsir \u00feessu \u00ed samantekt kaflans um bakter\u00eduveirur.<\/p>\n
\nundir nafninu sameindal\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i. (68)<\/p>\n
\nrau\u00f0h\u00e6r\u00f0ari en foreldrarnir? Tilraunir Gregors Mendels (1822\u20131884) og fyrstu erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0inganna s\u00fdndu a\u00f0 einhverjar eindir fluttust fr\u00e1 foreldrum til afkv\u00e6ma. En \u00far hverju voru erf\u00f0aeindirnar sem Wilhelm Johannsen (1857\u20131927) kalla\u00f0i gen? \u00dea\u00f0 reyndist erfitt a\u00f0 finna byggingarefni gensins og enn \u00ed dag er erfitt a\u00f0 rannsaka virkni \u00feeirra. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0rum og \u00feri\u00f0ja kafla b\u00f3karinnar rekur Gu\u00f0mundur s\u00f6gu ranns\u00f3kna \u00e1 erf\u00f0um bakter\u00eda og veira \u00feeirra. Grundvallarl\u00f6gm\u00e1l erf\u00f0a\u00a0 afhj\u00fapu\u00f0ust me\u00f0 ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 pl\u00f6ntum og d\u00fdrum. ...<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"