{"id":621,"date":"2017-01-16T15:59:31","date_gmt":"2017-01-16T15:59:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=621"},"modified":"2017-01-16T15:59:48","modified_gmt":"2017-01-16T15:59:48","slug":"icelandic-mun-norskt-genaregn-eydileggja-islenska-laxinn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2017\/01\/16\/icelandic-mun-norskt-genaregn-eydileggja-islenska-laxinn\/","title":{"rendered":"Mun norskt genaregn ey\u00f0ileggja \u00edslenska laxinn?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mun norskt genaregn ey\u00f0ileggja \u00edslenska laxinn?<\/a><\/p>\n

Greinin var birt \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu og \u00e1 vefnum visir.is 9. jan\u00faar s\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0inn.<\/p>\n

\u00cd fyrra voru framleidd um 8.000 tonn af eldislaxi h\u00e9rlendis. Hugmyndir eru um margfalda framlei\u00f0sluaukningu, \u00ed 60.000 til 90.000 tonn \u00e1 \u00e1ri. Til samanbur\u00f0ar er um helmingur eldislax \u00e1 heimsv\u00edsu (um 1,3 millj\u00f3nir tonna) framleiddur \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri \u00ed Noregi. E\u00f0lilegt er a\u00f0 horfa til reynslu Nor\u00f0manna og kanna hvort og hvernig byggja m\u00e1 upp laxeldi h\u00e9rlendis, \u00fev\u00ed fj\u00e1rhagslegur \u00e1vinningur vir\u00f0ist umtalsver\u00f0ur. \u00c9g tel mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a einnig umhverfis\u00e1hrif eldis. Nor\u00f0menn komust flj\u00f3tt a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 laxeldi hefur neikv\u00e6\u00f0 umhverfis\u00e1hrif, og ber \u00fear helst a\u00f0 nefna mengun umhverfis, laxal\u00fas og erf\u00f0amengun. Hi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0astnefnda er til umr\u00e6\u00f0u h\u00e9r. Villtum laxastofnum hefur hnigna\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld, vegna \u00e1hrifa ofangreindra \u00fe\u00e1tta og annarra. T\u00f6luvert hefur \u00e1unnist \u00ed a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00e1hrifum sumra \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta, en erf\u00f0amengun er mun erfi\u00f0ari vi\u00f0fangs.<\/p>\n

Norskur eldislax er r\u00e6kta\u00f0ur stofn, me\u00f0 a\u00f0ra erf\u00f0asamsetningu en villtur lax. Me\u00f0 kynb\u00f3tum \u00ed fj\u00f6lda kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a var vali\u00f0 fyrir eiginleikum sem gera hann heppilegan \u00ed eldi, t.d. st\u00e6r\u00f0, kyn\u00feroska og vaxtarhra\u00f0a. \u00c1 \u00cdslandi h\u00f3fust kynb\u00e6tur \u00e1 laxi \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld, en \u00feeim var h\u00e6tt \u00feegar lj\u00f3st var a\u00f0 norski laxinn \u00f3x mun hra\u00f0ar og betur. Allur eldislax h\u00e9rlendis er norskur a\u00f0 uppruna.<\/p>\n

Kynb\u00e6tur breyta erf\u00f0asamsetningu tegunda. \u00c1kve\u00f0in gen, sem eru f\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 \u00ed villtum laxi, jukust \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0ni vi\u00f0 r\u00e6ktun eldislaxins. \u00dev\u00ed er hann erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilega fr\u00e1brug\u00f0inn villtum stofnum \u00ed Noregi og \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Norskir erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ingar sko\u00f0u\u00f0u \u00ed fyrra erf\u00f0abreytileika \u00ed 4.500 genum \u00ed villtum laxi og eldislaxi. \u00dat fr\u00e1 \u00feessum uppl\u00fdsingum m\u00e1tu \u00feeir erf\u00f0amengun \u00ed villtum stofnum. Ranns\u00f3knin n\u00e1\u00f0i til r\u00famlega 20.000 fiska \u00ed 125 \u00e1m, fr\u00e1 Su\u00f0ur-Noregi til Finnmerkur. \u00deeir fundu \u00e1kve\u00f0nar erf\u00f0asams\u00e6tur sem einkenna eldislax og athugu\u00f0u hvort \u00fe\u00e6r m\u00e6tti finna \u00ed villtum laxastofnum og hversu algengar \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru. \u00deannig var h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 meta erf\u00f0abl\u00f6ndun \u00ed hverjum villtum stofni, \u00e1 skalanum 0 til 100 pr\u00f3sent.<\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar eru sk\u00fdrar. Einungis \u00feri\u00f0jungur stofnanna (44 af 125) var laus vi\u00f0 erf\u00f0amengun. Annar \u00feri\u00f0jungur stofnanna (41) bar v\u00e6g merki erf\u00f0abl\u00f6ndunar, \u00fe.e. innan vi\u00f0 4% erf\u00f0amengun, og \u00feri\u00f0ji parturinn (40) s\u00fdndi mikla erf\u00f0abl\u00f6ndun (\u00fe.e. yfir 4%).<\/p>\n

Sl\u00e1andi er a\u00f0 31 stofn var me\u00f0 10% erf\u00f0amengun e\u00f0a meiri. Flestir mengu\u00f0ustu stofnanir voru \u00e1 vesturstr\u00f6ndinni \u00fear sem flestar fiskeldisst\u00f6\u00f0var eru. Miki\u00f0 menga\u00f0ir stofnar fundust einnig sy\u00f0st og nyrst \u00ed Noregi. V\u00edsindamennirnir reyndu ekki a\u00f0 meta \u00e1hrif erf\u00f0amengunar \u00e1 l\u00edfv\u00e6nleika stofnanna, en a\u00f0rar ranns\u00f3knir benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u neikv\u00e6\u00f0. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 villtir stofnar s\u00fdna margh\u00e1tta\u00f0a a\u00f0l\u00f6gun a\u00f0 umhverfi s\u00ednu, \u00ed tilfelli laxa b\u00e6\u00f0i a\u00f0 ferskvatni og sj\u00f3g\u00f6ngu. Eldisd\u00fdr eru valin fyrir \u00e1kve\u00f0na eiginleika, og vi\u00f0b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feau standi sig illa \u00ed villtri n\u00e1tt\u00faru (hvernig spjara alisv\u00edn sig \u00ed Hei\u00f0m\u00f6rk?). Eldislaxar hafa minni h\u00e6fni \u00ed straumvatni e\u00f0a sj\u00f3g\u00f6ngu. Sama m\u00e1 segja um afkv\u00e6mi sem \u00feeir eignast me\u00f0 villtum fiski.<\/p>\n

Erf\u00f0amengun byggist \u00e1 genafl\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 milli h\u00f3pa. Genafl\u00e6\u00f0i er e\u00f0lilegur hluti af stofnerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i villtra tegunda, en \u00feegar genafl\u00e6\u00f0i er fr\u00e1 r\u00e6ktu\u00f0u afbrig\u00f0i \u00ed villta tegund er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 fer\u00f0um. H\u00e6ttan er s\u00e9rstaklega mikil \u00feegar r\u00e6kta\u00f0i stofninn er miklu st\u00e6rri en s\u00e1 villti. \u00dea\u00f0 er einmitt tilfelli\u00f0 \u00ed Noregi. \u00dear er um 2.000 sinnum meira af laxi \u00ed eldisst\u00f6\u00f0vum en \u00ed villtum \u00e1m. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00f3l\u00edklegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 eldisfiskur sleppi, eru st\u00f6\u00f0varnar \u00fea\u00f0 margar a\u00f0 strokufiskar eru hlutfallslega margir mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 villta laxa. Me\u00f0alfj\u00f6ldi strokulaxa sem veiddir eru \u00ed norskum \u00e1m er um 380.000 \u00e1 \u00e1ri. Ef st\u00f3r hluti hrygnandi fisks \u00ed \u00e1 er eldisfiskur, er h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegur styrkur sta\u00f0bundna stofnsins minnki.<\/p>\n

Er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 a\u00f0 genamengun fr\u00e1 norskum eldisfiski spilli \u00edslenskum laxi? \u00dev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur er h\u00e6ttan umtalsver\u00f0. Villtir \u00edslenskir og norskir laxar eru ekki eins, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 a.m.k. 10.000 \u00e1r eru s\u00ed\u00f0an sameiginlegur forfa\u00f0ir \u00feeirra nam straumv\u00f6tn sem opnu\u00f0ust a\u00f0 lokinni \u00eds\u00f6ldinni. Munurinn endurspeglar a\u00f0 einhverju leyti s\u00f6gu stofnanna og \u00f3l\u00edka a\u00f0l\u00f6gun a\u00f0 norskum og \u00edslenskum \u00e1m. Eldislaxinn er laga\u00f0ur a\u00f0 norskum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um og eldi, og h\u00e6tt er vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 blendingar hans og \u00edslenskra fiska hafi minni h\u00e6fni vi\u00f0 \u00edslenskar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n

\u00cd lj\u00f3si v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kra hugmynda um auki\u00f0 laxeldi, t.d. \u00e1 Vestfj\u00f6r\u00f0um, er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 kalla eftir var\u00fa\u00f0 og vanda\u00f0ri v\u00edsindalegri \u00fattekt \u00e1 h\u00e6ttunni \u00e1 erf\u00f0abl\u00f6ndun, ekki bara \u00e1 innfj\u00f6r\u00f0um heldur einnig \u00e1 Vestur- og Nor\u00f0urlandi. \u00d6ruggasta eldi\u00f0 er \u00ed loku\u00f0um kerfum, sem eru a\u00f0 ry\u00f0ja s\u00e9r til r\u00fams erlendis, og mun au\u00f0velda fiskeldisfyrirt\u00e6kjum a\u00f0 f\u00e1 vottun fyrir umhverfisv\u00e6na framlei\u00f0slu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mun norskt genaregn ey\u00f0ileggja \u00edslenska laxinn? Greinin var birt \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu og \u00e1 vefnum visir.is 9. jan\u00faar s\u00ed\u00f0astli\u00f0inn. \u00cd fyrra voru framleidd um 8.000 tonn af eldislaxi h\u00e9rlendis. Hugmyndir eru um margfalda framlei\u00f0sluaukningu, \u00ed 60.000 til 90.000 tonn \u00e1 \u00e1ri. … Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13968,13971],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-621","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-articles-about-science","category-general-biology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/132"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=621"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":622,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/621\/revisions\/622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}