{"id":635,"date":"2017-03-03T09:44:07","date_gmt":"2017-03-03T09:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=635"},"modified":"2017-03-03T09:44:27","modified_gmt":"2017-03-03T09:44:27","slug":"hvernig-eru-lifsyni-rannsokud-i-glaeparannsoknum-og-af-hverju-er-ekki-haegt-ad-gera-thad-a-islandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2017\/03\/03\/hvernig-eru-lifsyni-rannsokud-i-glaeparannsoknum-og-af-hverju-er-ekki-haegt-ad-gera-thad-a-islandi\/","title":{"rendered":"Hvernig eru l\u00edfs\u00fdni ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 \u00ed gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knum og af hverju er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<section class=\"article-text\">Arnar P\u00e1lsson. \u201eHvernig eru l\u00edfs\u00fdni ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 \u00ed gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knum og af hverju er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi?\u201c <i>V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/i>, 1. febr\u00faar 2017. <a href=\"http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=73299\">http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=73299.<\/a><\/section>\n<section class=\"article-text\"><\/section>\n<section class=\"article-text\">L\u00edfs\u00fdni (e. biopsy) eru s\u00fdni \u00far l\u00edfverum. Uppruni s\u00fdnanna er fj\u00f6lbreytilegur, \u00feau geta veri\u00f0 \u00far \u00f3l\u00edkum l\u00edfverum og notagildi \u00feeirra er einnig margh\u00e1tta\u00f0, allt fr\u00e1 grundvallarranns\u00f3knum til gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3kna. Eins og nafni\u00f0 gefur til kynna koma <dfn>l\u00edfs\u00fdni<\/dfn> alltaf \u00far l\u00edfverum e\u00f0a innihalda l\u00edfveruleifar. Algengast er a\u00f0 l\u00edfs\u00fdni s\u00e9u \u00far m\u00f6nnum en \u00feau geta l\u00edka komi\u00f0 \u00far \u00f6\u00f0rum tegundum l\u00edfvera, til d\u00e6mis <a title=\"Geti\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 sagt m\u00e9r allt um finkur?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=3874\" target=\"_self\">finkum<\/a> e\u00f0a <a title=\"Geti\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 sagt m\u00e9r allt um sebrahesta?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=6474\" target=\"_self\">sebrahestum<\/a>. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 taka l\u00edfs\u00fdni \u00far margskonar vefjum, til a\u00f0 mynda <a title=\"\u00dar hverju er bl\u00f3\u00f0?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=2704\" target=\"_self\">bl\u00f3\u00f0i<\/a>, <a title=\"Er h\u00fa\u00f0in l\u00edff\u00e6ri?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=943\" target=\"_self\">h\u00fa\u00f0<\/a>, f\u00e6\u00f0ingarblettum, brj\u00f3stavef, <a title=\"Hvernig starfa l\u00edff\u00e6ri meltingakerfisins saman og hva\u00f0a efnaskipti fara \u00fear fram?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=2845\" target=\"_self\">meltingarvegi<\/a> e\u00f0a <a title=\"Hva\u00f0 gerir lifrin?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=2814\" target=\"_self\">lifur<\/a>. S\u00fdnatakan er misjafnlega au\u00f0veld, bl\u00f3\u00f0taka e\u00f0a munnstrok eru au\u00f0veldust en innri l\u00edff\u00e6ri eru \u00f3a\u00f0gengileg og m\u00f6rg hver vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m. Til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 s\u00fdnum er oft nota\u00f0ur s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0ur b\u00fana\u00f0ur, til d\u00e6mis r\u00f6rmyndav\u00e9lar me\u00f0 s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0um klippum sem \u00fer\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e1 \u00ed meltingarveg og i\u00f0ur. Einnig eru til l\u00edfs\u00fdnas\u00f6fn, til d\u00e6mis svonefndar krukkuborgir me\u00f0 vefjas\u00fdni e\u00f0a l\u00edff\u00e6ri \u00far l\u00e1tnum einstaklingum, eins og s\u00f6gupers\u00f3nan Erlendur kynntist \u00ed gl\u00e6pas\u00f6gunni <cite>M\u00fdrinni<\/cite> eftir Arnald Indri\u00f0ason.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-img img_text_center img_text_noborder\">\n<div class=\"img-plus\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"fancybox img_large\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/myndir\/beinmergur_stor_300117.jpg\" rel=\"group\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"a-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/myndir\/beinmergur_litil_300117.jpg\" align=\"top\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"img-caption center\">\n<p>L\u00edfs\u00fdni eru mikilv\u00e6g \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i. H\u00e9r er beinmergss\u00fdni teki\u00f0.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Notagildi l\u00edfs\u00fdna eru margv\u00edsleg. \u00deau eru s\u00e9rstaklega mikilv\u00e6g \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i, vi\u00f0 l\u00f6gregluranns\u00f3knir og vitanlega \u00ed grundvallarranns\u00f3knum \u00ed l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i og skyldum greinum. \u00cd l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i eru l\u00edfs\u00fdni me\u00f0al annars notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 rannsaka eiginleika <a title=\"Hvernig og hve oft endurn\u00fdjast frumur?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=173\" target=\"_self\">fruma<\/a>, erf\u00f0asamsetningu, efnasamsetningu e\u00f0a jafnvel tj\u00e1ningu <a title=\"Hva\u00f0 er gen?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=3726\" target=\"_self\">gena<\/a> \u00ed vefjum. L\u00edfs\u00fdni eru mikilv\u00e6g til a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 \u00e1standi \u00f3l\u00edkra vefja og greina sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma, til d\u00e6mis eru \u00feau notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 kanna hvort frumuklasi s\u00e9 <a title=\"Hva\u00f0 er g\u00f3\u00f0kynja \u00e6xli?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=55653\" target=\"_self\">g\u00f3\u00f0kynja<\/a> e\u00f0a illkynja \u00e6xli. Grunnranns\u00f3knir \u00ed l\u00edf- og l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i byggja a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00e1 l\u00edfs\u00fdnum, til d\u00e6mis er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 kanna eiginleika fruma \u00far \u00f3l\u00edkum hlutum hryggs\u00falunnar me\u00f0 r\u00e6ktun \u00e1 tilraunastofu e\u00f0a \u00fer\u00f3un me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a erf\u00f0abreytileika \u00ed stofnum l\u00edfvera. L\u00edfs\u00fdni eru einnig notadrj\u00fag fyrir ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 gl\u00e6pum. L\u00f6gregla getur n\u00fdtt margskonar l\u00edfs\u00fdni, til d\u00e6mis bl\u00f3\u00f0, h\u00e1r e\u00f0a h\u00fa\u00f0fl\u00f6gur af vettvangi gl\u00e6ps, undan n\u00f6glum f\u00f3rnarlambs e\u00f0a mor\u00f0vopni. Vi\u00f0 gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knir er langalgengast a\u00f0 greina erf\u00f0asamsetningu \u00ed l\u00edfs\u00fdnum og bera \u00feau s\u00ed\u00f0an vi\u00f0 gagnagrunna e\u00f0a s\u00fdni \u00far m\u00f6gulegum f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mbum e\u00f0a grunu\u00f0um einstaklingum. Bandar\u00edska alr\u00edkisl\u00f6greglan (FBI) notast vi\u00f0 13 lengdarbreytileika (DNA-\u00f6rtungl) \u00ed s\u00ednum ranns\u00f3knum. \u00cd \u00feessu samhengi m\u00e1 benda \u00e1 svar sama h\u00f6fundar vi\u00f0 spurningunni <a title=\"Hvernig virka erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=68832\" target=\"_self\">Hvernig virka erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f?<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"article-img img_text_center img_text_noborder\">\n<div class=\"img-plus\"><\/div>\n<p>\u00c1 \u00cdslandi er unni\u00f0 me\u00f0 margskonar l\u00edfs\u00fdni en um notkun og me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun s\u00fdna \u00far m\u00f6nnum gilda strangar reglur. V\u00edsindasi\u00f0anefnd metur ums\u00f3knir um ranns\u00f3knir, til d\u00e6mis \u00e1 svi\u00f0i mannerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i. Greiningar \u00e1 l\u00edfs\u00fdnum \u00ed gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knum eru bara ger\u00f0ar \u00e1 s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum ranns\u00f3knarstofum. Fyrir \u00fe\u00e6r er krafist strangra \u00f6ryggissta\u00f0la, s\u00e9r\u00fej\u00e1lfa\u00f0s starfsf\u00f3lks, sta\u00f0la\u00f0ra og votta\u00f0ra vinnuferla og \u00f6ryggisventla. Str\u00f6ng al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg vottun \u00e1 sl\u00edkum ranns\u00f3knarstofum er nau\u00f0synleg, til a\u00f0 tryggja \u00e1rei\u00f0anleika ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0na svo ekki s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 kasta r\u00fdr\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00f6nnunarg\u00f6gn. H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi er ekki a\u00f0sta\u00f0a fyrir hendi til a\u00f0 greina allar ger\u00f0ir l\u00edfs\u00fdna. \u00c1 ranns\u00f3knastofu H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans \u00ed lyfja- og eiturefnafr\u00e6\u00f0i er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 greina til d\u00e6mis \u00f3l\u00edk eiturlyf og alk\u00f3h\u00f3l. H\u00e9r er hins vegar engin vottu\u00f0 a\u00f0sta\u00f0a til a\u00f0 gera erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f \u00e1 l\u00edfs\u00fdnum fyrir gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knir. Ranns\u00f3knir sem tengjast \u00feess h\u00e1ttar m\u00e1lum eru \u00fev\u00ed ger\u00f0ar erlendis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Samantekt:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>L\u00edfs\u00fdni eru \u00far l\u00edfverum.<\/li>\n<li>\u00deau eru notu\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i, l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i og ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 gl\u00e6pum.<\/li>\n<li>H\u00e9r \u00e1 landi er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 greina nokkrar ger\u00f0ir l\u00edfs\u00fdna, en ekki erf\u00f0agreina fyrir gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Tilvitnanir og myndir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vsn.is\/is\/content\/l%C3%ADfs%C3%BDni\" target=\"_blank\">L\u00edfs\u00fdni | V\u00edsindasi\u00f0anefnd<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Arnar P\u00e1lsson. \u201e<a title=\"Hvernig virka erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=68832\" target=\"_self\">Hvernig virka erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f?<\/a>\u201c V\u00edsindavefurinn, 21. j\u00fan\u00ed 2016.<\/li>\n<li>J\u00f3n M\u00e1r Halld\u00f3rsson. \u201e<a title=\"Geti\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 sagt m\u00e9r allt um sebrahesta?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=6474\" target=\"_self\">Geti\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 sagt m\u00e9r allt um sebrahesta?<\/a>\u201c V\u00edsindavefurinn, 19. jan\u00faar 2007.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hi.is\/laeknadeild\/rannsoknarstofa_i_lyfja_og_eiturefnafraedum\" target=\"_blank\">Ranns\u00f3knarstofa \u00ed lyfja- og eiturefnafr\u00e6\u00f0um | H\u00e1sk\u00f3li \u00cdslands<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Mynd: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Bone_marrow_biopsy.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Bone marrow biopsy.jpg - Wikimedia Commons<\/a>. (S\u00f3tt 30. 1. 2017).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arnar P\u00e1lsson. \u201eHvernig eru l\u00edfs\u00fdni ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 \u00ed gl\u00e6paranns\u00f3knum og af hverju er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi?\u201c V\u00edsindavefurinn, 1. febr\u00faar 2017. http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=73299. L\u00edfs\u00fdni (e. biopsy) eru s\u00fdni \u00far l\u00edfverum. Uppruni s\u00fdnanna er fj\u00f6lbreytilegur, \u00feau geta veri\u00f0 \u00far \u00f3l\u00edkum &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2017\/03\/03\/hvernig-eru-lifsyni-rannsokud-i-glaeparannsoknum-og-af-hverju-er-ekki-haegt-ad-gera-thad-a-islandi\/\">Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13973],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-visindavefur-svor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/132"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=635"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":637,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/635\/revisions\/637"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=635"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=635"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=635"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}