{"id":872,"date":"2020-03-24T11:06:49","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T11:06:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=872"},"modified":"2020-03-24T11:06:49","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T11:06:49","slug":"icelandic-stokkbreytist-veiran-sem-veldur-covid-19-hradar-en-adrar-rna-veirur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2020\/03\/24\/icelandic-stokkbreytist-veiran-sem-veldur-covid-19-hradar-en-adrar-rna-veirur\/","title":{"rendered":"St\u00f6kkbreytist veiran sem veldur COVID-19 hra\u00f0ar en a\u00f0rar RNA-veirur?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Erf\u00f0amengi veira er l\u00edti\u00f0, \u00fea\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 fr\u00e1 r\u00famlega \u00fe\u00fasund b\u00f6sum upp \u00ed um millj\u00f3n basa. Til samanbur\u00f0ar eru um 6,5 milljar\u00f0ar basa \u00ed hverri frumu manna. St\u00f6kkbreytihra\u00f0i erf\u00f0aefnis er \u00ed \u00f6fugu hlutfalli vi\u00f0 st\u00e6r\u00f0 erf\u00f0amengja, \u00feannig a\u00f0 minni erf\u00f0amengi st\u00f6kkbreytast<\/a> \u00f6rar. Fjalla\u00f0 er meira um \u00feetta \u00ed svari vi\u00f0 spurningunni St\u00f6kkbreytast veirur hra\u00f0ar en fl\u00f3knar l\u00edfverur?<\/a> \u00c1ri\u00f0 2020 hafa margir e\u00f0lilegar \u00e1hyggjur af k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirunni<\/a> sem veldur sj\u00fakd\u00f3mnum COVID-19<\/a> sem or\u00f0inn er a\u00f0 heimsfaraldri<\/a>. K\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur eru me\u00f0 RNA-erf\u00f0aefni<\/a>, \u00e1 formi eins\u00fe\u00e1tta RNA-sameindar, \u00f3l\u00edkt DNA sem er tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e1tta kjarns\u00fdra. Eins\u00fe\u00e1tta kjarns\u00fdrur eru mun berskjalda\u00f0ri fyrir ytri \u00e1hrifum og st\u00f6kkbreytast \u00feess vegna hra\u00f0ar. St\u00f6kkbreytingar \u00e1 veirum geta breytt eiginleikum \u00feeirra, til a\u00f0 mynda ytri byggingu, fj\u00f6lgunargetu og st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika. Breytingar \u00e1 ytri byggingu geta til d\u00e6mis gert veiru kleift a\u00f0 sleppa undan v\u00f6ktun \u00f3n\u00e6miskerfa fj\u00f6lfruma d\u00fdra.<\/p>\n

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Litu\u00f0 rafeindasm\u00e1sj\u00e1rmynd af SARS-CoV-2-veirum sem valda sj\u00fakd\u00f3mnum COVID-19. K\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur eru me\u00f0 RNA-erf\u00f0aefni sem er eins\u00fe\u00e1tta \u00f3l\u00edkt DNA sem er tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e1tta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00dev\u00ed er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r hver st\u00f6kkbreytihra\u00f0i veirunnar SARS-CoV-2 sem veldur COVID-19 s\u00e9, og hvort hann s\u00e9 h\u00e6rri en hj\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0rum RNA-veirum? Ef \u00feessi veira st\u00f6kkbreytist hra\u00f0ar en a\u00f0rar RNA-veirur sem vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum, \u00e6ttum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 hafa meiri \u00e1hyggjur? V\u00edsindamenn eru enn a\u00f0 a\u00f0 meta st\u00f6kkbreytihra\u00f0ann hj\u00e1 SARS-CoV-2, en ranns\u00f3kn Zhao og f\u00e9laga fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2004 \u00e1 hinni n\u00e1skyldu veiru SARS-CoV-1, greindi hra\u00f0a hennar sem 0,8 til 2,4 \u00d7 10-3<\/sup>. Samanbur\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar RNA-veirur s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur, \u00feeirra \u00e1 me\u00f0al SARS-CoV-2, hafi h\u00e6rri st\u00f6kkbreytihra\u00f0a en a\u00f0rar RNA-veirur. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 \u00f3ttast SARS-CoV-2-veiruna vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan st\u00f6kkbreytist hra\u00f0ar en a\u00f0rar veirur. H\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an er tafla sem s\u00fdnir st\u00f6kkbreytihra\u00f0a \u00ed fj\u00f3rum ger\u00f0um af RNA-veirum. Taflan er \u00fe\u00fddd og a\u00f0l\u00f6gu\u00f0 fr\u00e1 Zhao og f\u00e9l\u00f6gum 2004. \u00cd \u00feeirri grein er einnig a\u00f0 finna v\u00edsanir \u00ed frumheimildir sem meta st\u00f6kkbreytihra\u00f0ann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Veiruflokkur og ger\u00f0<\/td>\nFj\u00f6ldi st\u00f6kkbreytinga \u00ed basapari \u00e1 \u00e1ri<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eins\u00fe\u00e1tta RNA-veirur (j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1ttur) \u2013 k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
M\u00fasalifrarb\u00f3lguveira<\/td>\n0,4 \u2013 2,8 \u00d7 10-2<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SARS-CoV-1<\/td>\n0,8 \u2013 2,4 \u00d7 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eins\u00fe\u00e1tta RNA-veirur (j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1ttur) \u2013 ekki k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lifrarb\u00f3lguveira C<\/td>\n0,8 \u00d7 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gin- og klaufaveikiveira<\/td>\n6 \u00d710-3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Eins\u00fe\u00e1tta RNA-veirur (neikv\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1ttur)<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Flensuveirur af ger\u00f0 A<\/td>\n2,3 \u00d7 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Retr\u00f3veirur<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
HIV-1<\/td>\n1,7 \u00d7 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Visnuveira<\/td>\n1,7 \u00d7 10-3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Samantekt:<\/h3>\n