{"id":889,"date":"2020-06-12T14:17:02","date_gmt":"2020-06-12T14:17:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=889"},"modified":"2020-06-12T14:19:32","modified_gmt":"2020-06-12T14:19:32","slug":"hvad-eru-til-margar-koronuveirur-sem-sykja-menn-og-dugar-onaemi-gegn-einni-theirra-fyrir-hinum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2020\/06\/12\/hvad-eru-til-margar-koronuveirur-sem-sykja-menn-og-dugar-onaemi-gegn-einni-theirra-fyrir-hinum\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0 eru til margar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur sem s\u00fdkja menn og dugar \u00f3n\u00e6mi gegn einni \u00feeirra fyrir hinum?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Arnar P\u00e1lsson, J\u00f3n Magn\u00fas J\u00f3hannesson og J\u00f3n Gunnar \u00deorsteinsson. \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=79323.\">Hva\u00f0 eru til margar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur sem s\u00fdkja menn og dugar \u00f3n\u00e6mi gegn einni \u00feeirra fyrir hinum?<\/a>\u201c <i>V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/i>, 30. apr\u00edl 2020. http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=79323.<\/p>\n<p>K\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur eru fj\u00f6lskylda <a title=\"Hver er munurinn \u00e1 bakter\u00edu og veiru? Eru s\u00fdklar og bakter\u00edur \u00fea\u00f0 sama?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=241\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">veira <\/a> sem nefnast \u00e1 ensku 'coronaviruses'. Heiti\u00f0 er dregi\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 yfirbor\u00f0spr\u00f3t\u00edn veiranna minna \u00e1 k\u00f3r\u00f3nu e\u00f0a s\u00f3lkr\u00f3nu, sem er ysti hj\u00fapur s\u00f3larinnar. Fyrsta k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveiran greindist \u00e1ri\u00f0 1937. H\u00fan veldur berkjub\u00f3lgu \u00ed fuglum en s\u00fdkir ekki menn. <a title=\"Hva\u00f0an kom COVID-19-veiran?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=78940\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COVID-19<\/a> orsakast af k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirunni SARS-CoV-2. Fj\u00f6lskylda k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira inniheldur sj\u00f6 veirur sem s\u00fdkja menn. Auk veirunnar sem veldur COVID-19 tilheyra fj\u00f3rar \u201ekvefk\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur\u201c fj\u00f6lskyldunni og s\u00ed\u00f0an tv\u00e6r sem valda alvarlegum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi \u00ed m\u00f6nnum: SARS-k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira (e. severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV) og MERS-k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira (e. Middle-East respiratory syndrome, MERS-CoV).<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-img img_text_center img_text_noborder\">\n<div class=\"fancybox img_large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/myndir\/koronuveira_229E_290420.png\" align=\"top\" border=\"0\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"img-caption center\">\n<p>K\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur sem s\u00fdkja menn voru fyrst greindar um mi\u00f0jan sj\u00f6unda \u00e1ratug 20. aldar. H\u00e9r s\u00e9st rafeindasm\u00e1sj\u00e1rmynd af k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirum sem nefnast 229E.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>SARS kom fyrst fram \u00e1ri\u00f0 2002 og olli faraldri \u00e1 \u00e1runum 2003-2004, me\u00f0 samtals 8.422 tilfellum \u00ed 26 l\u00f6ndum og 774 dau\u00f0sf\u00f6llum. MERS greindist fyrst \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012 \u00ed S\u00e1di-Arab\u00edu og hefur fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma valdi\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum litlum far\u00f6ldrum og st\u00f6kum tilfellum, me\u00f0 yfir 2.500 greind tilfelli og yfir 850 dau\u00f0sf\u00f6llum. \u201eKvefk\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirurnar\u201c fj\u00f3rar greindust fyrst um mi\u00f0jan sj\u00f6unda \u00e1ratug 20. aldar og eru eftirfarandi::<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>229E (alfa-k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira)<\/li>\n<li>NL63 (alfa-k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira)<\/li>\n<li>OC43 (beta-k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira)<\/li>\n<li>HKU1 (beta-k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sta\u00f0h\u00e6fingin sem spyrjandi v\u00edsar til, \u00ed upprunalegu spurningunni um a\u00f0 \u201ea\u00f0 \u00f3n\u00e6misminni sem myndast vegna einnar ger\u00f0ar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveiru mun ekki verja okkur gegn s\u00fdkingu annarrar ger\u00f0ar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveiru\u201c, \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00feessar fj\u00f3rar \u00f3l\u00edku ger\u00f0ir.<span id=\"vv_footnote_ref_1_1\" class=\"vv_anchor\"><\/span><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=79323#vv_footnote_note_1\">[1]<\/a><\/sup> Erf\u00f0aefni \u00feessara fj\u00f6gurra ger\u00f0a \u201ekvefk\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira\u201c er mj\u00f6g \u00f3l\u00edkt erf\u00f0aefni SARS-CoV-2. \u00de\u00e6r eru \u00ed raun jafn \u00f3l\u00edkar og mismunandi tegundir d\u00fdra. \u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 <a title=\"Hvernig vinnur \u00f3n\u00e6miskerfi\u00f0? Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00f3n\u00e6mur fyrir kvefi?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=2838\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u00f3n\u00e6miskerfi<\/a> okkar hafi r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 ni\u00f0url\u00f6gum einnar ger\u00f0ar af \u00feeim, veitir \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edklega enga v\u00f6rn ef vi\u00f0 s\u00fdkjumst af \u00f6\u00f0rum ger\u00f0um k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira. \u00deegar SARS-CoV-2 greindist sem orsakavaldur COVID-19 var strax fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 greina skyldleika veirunnar vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar veirur. \u00de\u00e1 kom \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 af veirum sem s\u00fdkja menn er h\u00fan skyldust SARS-CoV en s\u00fa allra skyldasta er k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveira sem fannst fyrir nokkrum \u00e1rum \u00ed vissri tegund le\u00f0urblaka. \u00de\u00e1 vaknar e\u00f0lilega spurningin um hvort \u00f3n\u00e6mi gegn SARS veiti einhverja v\u00f6rn gegn COVID-19. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri svokalla\u00f0 <dfn>kross\u00f3n\u00e6mi<\/dfn>. Sumir s\u00fdklar eru \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edkir \u00ed vissum \u00fe\u00e1ttum a\u00f0 \u00f3n\u00e6mi sem myndast vegna eins myndar einhvers konar \u00f3n\u00e6mi gegn hinum. Margt er \u00f3unni\u00f0 \u00ed ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 \u00feessu en \u00fea\u00f0 sem hinga\u00f0 til hefur veri\u00f0 gert, bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 kross\u00f3n\u00e6mi, \u00fe\u00f3 takmarka\u00f0, geti \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0 milli SARS og COVID-19. Ekki er tali\u00f0 l\u00edklegt, hins vegar, a\u00f0 kross\u00f3n\u00e6mi s\u00e9 til sta\u00f0ar fyrir MERS, enda er munurinn \u00e1 MERS-CoV og SARS-CoV-2 talsver\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-img img_text_center img_text_noborder\">\n<div class=\"fancybox img_large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/myndir\/mers-cov_290420.jpg\" align=\"top\" border=\"0\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"img-caption center\">\n<p>Ef sterkt kross\u00f3n\u00e6mi mynda\u00f0ist milli SARS og COVID-19 mundi a\u00f0eins l\u00edtill h\u00f3pur einstaklinga nj\u00f3ta g\u00f3\u00f0s af \u00fev\u00ed. Ekki er tali\u00f0 l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 kross\u00f3n\u00e6mi s\u00e9 til sta\u00f0ar fyrir MERS, enda er munurinn \u00e1 MERS-CoV og SARS-CoV-2 talsver\u00f0ur. Myndin er litu\u00f0 rafeindasm\u00e1sj\u00e1rmynd af MERS-CoV.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>Hafa ber \u00ed huga a\u00f0 meira a\u00f0 segja ef sterkt kross\u00f3n\u00e6mi mynda\u00f0ist milli SARS og COVID-19 mundi a\u00f0eins l\u00edtill h\u00f3pur einstaklinga nj\u00f3ta g\u00f3\u00f0s af \u00fev\u00ed - engin tilfelli SARS hafa greinst fr\u00e1 2004, svo fj\u00f6ldi \u00f3n\u00e6mra hleypur \u00e1 nokkur \u00fe\u00fasund. \u00deannig mundi \u00feetta ekki hafa markt\u00e6k \u00e1hrif \u00e1 dreifingu e\u00f0a birtingarmynd COVID-19. <strong>Tilv\u00edsun:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li id=\"vv_footnote_note_1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=79323#vv_footnote_ref_1_1\">^<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=78667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">V\u00edsindavefurinn: Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 smitast tvisvar af COVID-19?<\/a> (S\u00f3tt 28.04.2020).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Heimildir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>CDC. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/types.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Coronavirus | Human Coronavirus Types<\/a>. (S\u00f3tt 28.04.2020).<\/li>\n<li>Murphy, Frederick A. (2020). <cite>The Foundations of Virology<\/cite>, 2. \u00fatg\u00e1fa, American Society for Virology. A\u00f0gengileg h\u00e9r: <a href=\"https:\/\/talk.ictvonline.org\/information\/w\/links\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV)<\/a>. (S\u00f3tt 12.03.2020).<\/li>\n<li>Ou, X. o.fl. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7100515\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV<\/a>. <cite>Nature communications<\/cite>, 11(1), 1620. (S\u00f3tt 29.04.2020).<\/li>\n<li>WHO. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/sars\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)<\/a>. (S\u00f3tt 29.04.2020).<\/li>\n<li>WHO. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/emergencies\/mers-cov\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)<\/a>. (S\u00f3tt 29.04.2020).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Myndir:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Murphy, Frederick A. (2020). <cite>The Foundations of Virology<\/cite>, 2. \u00fatg\u00e1fa, American Society for Virology, bls. 370.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/niaid\/8225159754\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">MERS-CoV | Colorized transmission electron micrograph of the\u2026 | Flickr<\/a>. (S\u00f3tt 29.04.2020).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Upprunaleg spurning Bjarna var \u00ed l\u00f6ngu m\u00e1li og h\u00e9r er hluta hennar svara\u00f0:<\/p>\n<blockquote cite=\"\"><p>Er hjar\u00f0\u00f3n\u00e6mi e\u00f0a b\u00f3lusetning \u00f3raunh\u00e6f v\u00f6rn vegna fj\u00f6lda st\u00f6kkbreytinga? Ef s\u00e1 sem myndar \u00f3n\u00e6mi fyrir einni \u00fatg\u00e1fu af veirunni sem veldur COVID-19 vantar \u00fe\u00e1 ekki enn v\u00f6rn fyrir 569 st\u00f6kkbreyttum \u00fatg\u00e1fum? Mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00cdslensk erf\u00f0agreining hefur hinga\u00f0 til samkv\u00e6mt K\u00e1ra skilgreint 570 st\u00f6kkbreytt afbrig\u00f0i af SARS-CoV-2? \u00de\u00e1 v\u00edsa \u00e9g l\u00edka til \u00feess sem segir \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru svari \u00e1 V\u00edsindavefnum: \"Mikilv\u00e6gt er \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 taka fram a\u00f0 \u00f3n\u00e6misminni sem myndast vegna einnar ger\u00f0ar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveiru mun ekki verja okkur gegn s\u00fdkingu annarrar ger\u00f0ar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveiru.\" Sj\u00e1 svar vi\u00f0 spurningunni: <a title=\"Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 smitast tvisvar af COVID-19?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=78667\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 smitast tvisvar af COVID-19?<\/a>.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arnar P\u00e1lsson, J\u00f3n Magn\u00fas J\u00f3hannesson og J\u00f3n Gunnar \u00deorsteinsson. \u201eHva\u00f0 eru til margar k\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur sem s\u00fdkja menn og dugar \u00f3n\u00e6mi gegn einni \u00feeirra fyrir hinum?\u201c V\u00edsindavefurinn, 30. apr\u00edl 2020. http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=79323. K\u00f3r\u00f3nuveirur eru fj\u00f6lskylda veira sem nefnast \u00e1 ensku 'coronaviruses'. Heiti\u00f0 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2020\/06\/12\/hvad-eru-til-margar-koronuveirur-sem-sykja-menn-og-dugar-onaemi-gegn-einni-theirra-fyrir-hinum\/\">Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13973],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-889","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-visindavefur-svor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/132"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=889"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":894,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/889\/revisions\/894"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}