{"id":666,"date":"2017-09-19T15:01:34","date_gmt":"2017-09-19T15:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=666"},"modified":"2017-09-19T15:01:34","modified_gmt":"2017-09-19T15:01:34","slug":"icelandic-geta-tveir-einstaklingar-farid-i-erfdaprof-og-fengid-ad-vita-hvort-their-seu-samfedra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2017\/09\/19\/icelandic-geta-tveir-einstaklingar-farid-i-erfdaprof-og-fengid-ad-vita-hvort-their-seu-samfedra\/","title":{"rendered":"Geta tveir einstaklingar fari\u00f0 \u00ed erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f og fengi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vita hvort \u00feeir s\u00e9u samfe\u00f0ra?"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Arnar P\u00e1lsson. \u201eGeta tveir einstaklingar fari\u00f0 \u00ed erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f og fengi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vita hvort \u00feeir s\u00e9u samfe\u00f0ra?<\/a>\u201c V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/i>, 13. september 2017. http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=74204.<\/section>\n
Upprunalega hlj\u00f3\u00f0a\u00f0i spurningin svona:<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 erum tv\u00f6 sem erum b\u00fain a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 sp\u00e1 hvort vi\u00f0 eigum sama pabbann, vi\u00f0 erum nokku\u00f0 viss en langar a\u00f0 f\u00e1 a\u00f0 vita \u00fea\u00f0 100%. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki mikil hj\u00e1lp fr\u00e1 m\u00f6mmu hans \u00fear sem h\u00fan vill ekkert segja og pabbi minn e\u00f0a okkar segir l\u00edti\u00f0. Okkur finnst mj\u00f6g d\u00fdrt a\u00f0 borga n\u00e6rri 300 \u00fe\u00fasund fyrir DNA-pr\u00f3f og vorum a\u00f0 p\u00e6la hvort \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki eitthva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 getum gert. \u00c9g f\u00e9kk til d\u00e6mis sent heim fyrir einhverju s\u00ed\u00f0an eitthva\u00f0 DNA-pr\u00f3f sem \u00e9g \u00e1tti a\u00f0 senda su\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 athuga me\u00f0 sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma. Veist \u00fe\u00fa hvort \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti virka\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0?<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sn\u00f6gg vefleit lei\u00f0ir \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 margir erlendir a\u00f0ilar bj\u00f3\u00f0a almenningi upp \u00e1 erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f og er kostna\u00f0urinn mj\u00f6g breytilegur. F\u00f3lk \u00fearf a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a s\u00e9r \u00fat um r\u00e9ttu \u00e1h\u00f6ldin, taka s\u00fdni og senda \u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0 sem skilar ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um innan tilt\u00f6lulega stutts t\u00edma. Hins vegar er a\u00f0 \u00fdmsu a\u00f0 hyggja \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi eins og n\u00e1nar er fjalla\u00f0 um \u00ed svarinu h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir Vi\u00f0 erum \u00f6ll \u00f3l\u00edk, \u00ed \u00fatliti, eiginleikum og genum<\/a>. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 greina skyldleika einstaklinga, b\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00e1inna \u00e6ttingja og fjarskyldari, me\u00f0 n\u00fdlegum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um sem greina breytileika \u00ed genum. Erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f<\/a> byggjast \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a breytilega sta\u00f0i \u00ed erf\u00f0aefninu<\/a>, til d\u00e6mis basa sem eru \u00f3l\u00edkir manna \u00e1 milli. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a n\u00e6gilega marga sta\u00f0i \u00ed erf\u00f0aefninu er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa fa\u00f0erni, skyldleika og jafnvel uppruna f\u00f3lks af \u00f3l\u00edkum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arbrotum, til d\u00e6mis \u00cdslendinga e\u00f0a Gy\u00f0inga samanber svar vi\u00f0 spurningunni: Getur einstaklingur vita\u00f0 hvort hann er Gy\u00f0ingur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka pr\u00f3f?<\/a><\/p>\n

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Vi\u00f0 fa\u00f0ernispr\u00f3f er erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f framkv\u00e6mt til a\u00f0 skera \u00far um fa\u00f0erni barns, til d\u00e6mis ef fleiri en einn kemur til greina e\u00f0a ef fa\u00f0irinn gengst ekki vi\u00f0 barninu. Fengin eru s\u00fdni \u00far barninu, m\u00f3\u00f0ur og m\u00f6gulegum f\u00f6\u00f0ur e\u00f0a fe\u00f0rum og borin saman me\u00f0 erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fi. Sjaldg\u00e6fara er a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0erni barns s\u00e9 \u00e1 huldu en \u00ed nokkrum tilfellum hefur veri\u00f0 grunur um rugling \u00e1 n\u00fdburum. Erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f \u00e1 fe\u00f0rum og m\u00e6\u00f0rum byggist \u00e1 sam\u00feykki hluta\u00f0eigandi, e\u00f0a er krafist af d\u00f3mara til d\u00e6mis ef um d\u00f3msm\u00e1l um fa\u00f0erni e\u00f0a arf er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. Erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f m\u00e1 einnig nota til a\u00f0 greina skyldleika annarra einstaklinga til d\u00e6mis systkina, h\u00e1lfsystkina e\u00f0a tv\u00edmenninga. \u00dev\u00ed geta tveir einstaklingar fari\u00f0 \u00ed erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00e1 a\u00f0 vita um skyldleika sinn, til a\u00f0 mynda hvort \u00feeir s\u00e9u samfe\u00f0ra e\u00f0a samm\u00e6\u00f0ra. Erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f eru t\u00e6knilega fl\u00f3kin og kosta peninga. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar eru \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegastar \u00feegar pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 er framkv\u00e6mt \u00e1 votta\u00f0ri ranns\u00f3knarstofu af s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratug hefur frambo\u00f0 aukist \u00e1 \u00f3d\u00fdrum einnota erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fum sem n\u00e1lgast m\u00e1 \u00ed lyfjaverslunum e\u00f0a \u00e1 Netinu. \u00dev\u00ed fylgja margv\u00edsleg \u00e1litam\u00e1l og er \u00e1rei\u00f0anleikinn veigamestur. Einnota erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f eru \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6mari en pr\u00f3f unnin \u00e1 votta\u00f0ri ranns\u00f3knastofu. Me\u00f0 auknu frambo\u00f0i einnota erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fa og n\u00fdjum fyrirt\u00e6kjum sem bj\u00f3\u00f0a upp \u00e1 erf\u00f0apr\u00f3funar\u00fej\u00f3nustu fylgja l\u00edka n\u00fdjar \u00e1skoranir. \u00de\u00e6r tengjast me\u00f0al annars fri\u00f0helgi einstaklinga og \u00f3fyrirs\u00e9\u00f0um ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

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Me\u00f0 auknu a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fum opnast m\u00f6guleikinn \u00e1 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sko\u00f0i s\u00edn eigin gen, en einnig annarra (ef l\u00edfs\u00fdni er til sta\u00f0ar). Noth\u00e6fu erf\u00f0aefni fyrir erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f m\u00e1 n\u00e1 \u00far margs konar l\u00edfs\u00fdnum, \u00far l\u00edkamsvessum, svita e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum hlutum l\u00edkamans. Ekki er tryggt a\u00f0 leikmenn vir\u00f0i alltaf r\u00e9ttindi samborgara sinna og f\u00e1i sam\u00feykki fyrir notkun l\u00edfs\u00fdna \u00ed erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fi. Innan Evr\u00f3pu hafa \u00f3l\u00edk l\u00f6g um notkun erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fa veri\u00f0 sam\u00feykkt e\u00f0a eru \u00ed vinnslu. \u00cd Frakklandi m\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis ekki nota erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f nema me\u00f0 sam\u00feykki d\u00f3mskerfisins. Fj\u00f6ldi f\u00f3lks \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum sendir s\u00fdni til fyrirt\u00e6kja fyrir erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f vegna greiningu \u00e1 sj\u00fakd\u00f3ms\u00e1h\u00e6ttu. M\u00f6rg \u00feeirra bj\u00f3\u00f0a l\u00edka upp \u00e1 greiningar \u00e1 uppruna einstaklinga \u00fear sem f\u00f3lk getur grennslast fyrir um s\u00ednar erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu r\u00e6tur. Spyrja m\u00e1: \u201eEru forfe\u00f0ur m\u00ednir fr\u00e1 Hornv\u00edk e\u00f0a eyjunni Skye?\u201c \u00cd alr\u00e6mdustu tilfellum er \u00feetta marka\u00f0ssett sem eins konar gena-stj\u00f6rnumerki \u00fear sem uppruninn skilgreinir pers\u00f3nuna og einkenni hennar. En erf\u00f0apr\u00f3f fyrir m\u00f6gulegum sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgenum getur l\u00edka afhj\u00fapa\u00f0 \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gilegar sta\u00f0reyndir. N\u00fdleg grein \u00ed veft\u00edmaritinu Slate<\/cite> fjalla\u00f0i um hvernig leyndarm\u00e1l geta afhj\u00fapast ef \u00e6ttingjar senda inn s\u00fdni og bera saman g\u00f6gnin. Teki\u00f0 var d\u00e6mi um systkini sem sendu s\u00fdni til greiningar og \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 fj\u00f6lga\u00f0i fe\u00f0rum \u00ed fj\u00f6lskyldunni um einn. Systkinin voru h\u00e1lfsystkin og fr\u00e9ttirnar hrintu af sta\u00f0 tilfinningum, upplj\u00f3strunum og uppgj\u00f6ri. \u00c1 t\u00edmum \u00fear sem a\u00f0gangur a\u00f0 erf\u00f0auppl\u00fdsingum og erf\u00f0apr\u00f3fum er a\u00f0 aukast er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk hafi a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0ri \u00feekkingu og r\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f. S\u00fa r\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f er ekki \u00ed bo\u00f0i hj\u00e1 fyrirt\u00e6kjum sem vilja gr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri nau\u00f0hyggju e\u00f0a gena-stj\u00f6rnumerkjum. \u00deau hafa engan \u00e1huga \u00e1 a\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsa f\u00f3lk um \u00f3vissuna \u00ed tilur\u00f0 mannlegra eiginleika e\u00f0a \u00e6ttartrj\u00e1m manna, aflei\u00f0ingar \u00feess a\u00f0 uppg\u00f6tva a\u00f0 br\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00feinn er \u00e6ttleiddur e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fa skyldari fr\u00e6nku en \u00feig gruna\u00f0i. S\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00feekkingu er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast hj\u00e1 erf\u00f0ar\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f<\/a> og f\u00e9lagsr\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f<\/a> Landsp\u00edtala. Spyrjandi f\u00e9kk DNA-pr\u00f3f sent \u00ed p\u00f3sti, sem \u00e1tti a\u00f0 senda til a\u00f0 athuga me\u00f0 sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og velti fyrir s\u00e9r \u201ehvort \u00fea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti virka\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0\u201c til a\u00f0 ganga \u00far skugga um fa\u00f0erni. Fyrirt\u00e6ki e\u00f0a ranns\u00f3knastofnanir bi\u00f0ja f\u00f3lk i\u00f0ulega um a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed erf\u00f0aranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 tilteknum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum. G\u00f6gnin \u00far \u00feeim ranns\u00f3knum geta svara\u00f0 fleiri spurningum en \u00feeirri sem lagt var upp me\u00f0, til d\u00e6mis um skyldleika einstaklinga. F\u00f3lk f\u00e6r ekki a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um \u00far erf\u00f0agreiningum \u00e1 \u00feeim sj\u00e1lfum, og alls ekki uppl\u00fdsingar um a\u00f0ra einstaklinga. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed erf\u00f0aranns\u00f3kn til a\u00f0 kanna skyldleika sinn vi\u00f0 einhverja a\u00f0ra. Samantekt:<\/strong><\/p>\n