{"id":717,"date":"2018-04-03T17:14:18","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T17:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=717"},"modified":"2018-04-03T17:15:41","modified_gmt":"2018-04-03T17:15:41","slug":"icelandic-hversu-morg-gen-faum-vid-fra-hverjum-forfodur","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2018\/04\/03\/icelandic-hversu-morg-gen-faum-vid-fra-hverjum-forfodur\/","title":{"rendered":"Hversu m\u00f6rg gen f\u00e1um vi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 hverjum forf\u00f6\u00f0ur?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Me\u00f0 b\u00e6ttum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um til a\u00f0 greina erf\u00f0abreytileika manna \u00e1 milli og betri l\u00edk\u00f6num \u00ed stofnerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i hefur m\u00f6guleikinn \u00e1 a\u00f0 svara spurningu eins og \u00feessari aukist miki\u00f0. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota sameindagreiningar m\u00e1 finna hva\u00f0a <a title=\"\u00dar hva\u00f0a tveimur efnum eru litningar og hva\u00f0a hlutverki gegna efnin?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=54102\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow\">litningar<\/a> og hlutar \u00feeirra koma fr\u00e1 f\u00f6\u00f0ur, m\u00f3\u00f0ur, \u00f6fum, \u00f6mmum og fjarskyldari forfe\u00f0rum.<\/p>\n<p>Arnar P\u00e1lsson. \u201e<a href=\"http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=75186\" rel=\"nofollow\">Hversu m\u00f6rg gen f\u00e1um vi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 hverjum forf\u00f6\u00f0ur?<\/a>\u201c <em>V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/em>, 21. mars 2018. http:\/\/visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=75186.<\/p>\n<p>Margir n\u00falifandi \u00cdslendingar geta raki\u00f0 \u00e6ttir s\u00ednar til Egils Skallagr\u00edmssonar. En hversu m\u00f6rg <a title=\"Hva\u00f0 er gen?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=3726\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow\">gen<\/a> fengu \u00feeir \u00ed raun fr\u00e1 honum? Vi\u00f0 f\u00e1um helming gena okkar fr\u00e1 hvoru foreldri. \u00dev\u00ed leggur amma barnabarni til 1\/4 gena, langamma 1\/8, langlangamma 1\/16 og svona m\u00e1 halda \u00e1fram aftur \u00ed \u00e6ttir. Ef vi\u00f0 gerum r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir 40 kynsl\u00f3\u00f0um fr\u00e1 Agli til n\u00fat\u00edmaafkomenda hans er framlagi\u00f0 1\/1.000.000.000.000. Mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 erf\u00f0amengi okkar er 6.400.000.000 basar (\u00e1 tv\u00edlitna formi), er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 flestir afkomendur Egils fengu ekki einn einasta basa fr\u00e1 honum!<\/p>\n<p>Me\u00f0 sama h\u00e6tti m\u00e1 reikna \u00fat til d\u00e6mis framlag p\u00f3lska stj\u00f6rnufr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins <a title=\"Hva\u00f0 geti\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 sagt m\u00e9r um \u00e6vi Nikul\u00e1sar K\u00f3pernikusar?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=60196\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow\">K\u00f3pernikusar<\/a> (1473-1543) til n\u00falifandi afkomenda hans. Me\u00f0 hli\u00f0sj\u00f3n af erf\u00f0um og mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 20 kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00feeirra \u00e1 milli er 1 millj\u00f3nasti hluti <a title=\"Hva\u00f0 er DNA og RNA og hvert er hlutverk \u00feeirra?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=175\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow\">erf\u00f0aefnis<\/a> afkomandans fr\u00e1 K\u00f3pernikusi kominn.<\/p>\n<p>En ef vi\u00f0 f\u00f6rum stutt aftur \u00ed \u00e6ttir l\u00edtur d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi \u00fat. Fr\u00e1 hverri langalang\u00f6mmu f\u00e1um vi\u00f0 til d\u00e6mis 6,25% af erf\u00f0aefni okkar. \u00dea\u00f0 er alv\u00f6ru framlag. Um 1280 gen af \u00feeim 20.500 sem finnast \u00ed erf\u00f0amengi okkar, komu fr\u00e1 langalang\u00f6mmu okkar.<\/p>\n<div class=\"article-img img_text_center img_text_noborder\">\n<div class=\"img-caption center\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/apalsson.blog.is\/users\/d8\/apalsson\/img\/erfdaframlag_stor_090218.jpg\" rel=\"nofollow\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"align_left\" title=\"erfdaframlag_stor_090218\" src=\"https:\/\/apalsson.blog.is\/tn\/300\/users\/d8\/apalsson\/img\/erfdaframlag_stor_090218.jpg\" alt=\"erfdaframlag_stor_090218\" width=\"425\" height=\"425\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Erf\u00f0aframlag til afkv\u00e6mis, raki\u00f0 einn \u00e6ttlegg. \u00c1 x-\u00e1s eru forfe\u00f0ur st\u00falkunar teikna\u00f0ir og \u00e1 y-\u00e1s erf\u00f0aframlag sem h\u00fan f\u00e6r fr\u00e1 hverri form\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00e6ttleggnum.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>R\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 taka fram a\u00f0 allar t\u00f6lurnar h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan eru me\u00f0alt\u00f6l og \u00f6ruggt a\u00f0 sumir afkomendur fengu meira erf\u00f0aefni fr\u00e1 hverjum forf\u00f6\u00f0ur og a\u00f0rir minna. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 stokkun litninga er \u00f3regluleg, atbur\u00f0irnir (<a title=\"Hva\u00f0 geti\u00f0 \u00fei\u00f0 sagt m\u00e9r um litningav\u00edxl?\" href=\"https:\/\/www.visindavefur.is\/svar.php?id=3651\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow\">endurr\u00f6\u00f0un<\/a>) sem klippa \u00fe\u00e1 sundur og ra\u00f0a \u00feeim saman aftur eru ekki \u00fea\u00f0 margir \u00ed hverri kynsl\u00f3\u00f0. \u00deannig erfast st\u00f3rir partar af litningum saman \u00ed gegnum margar kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ir. Af \u00fev\u00ed lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 flestir afkomendur K\u00f3pernikusar fengu ekkert, en a\u00f0rir meira af DNA fr\u00e1 honum.<\/p>\n<p>Stofnerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Graham Coop hefur reikna\u00f0 l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 f\u00e1um erf\u00f0aefni fr\u00e1 forfe\u00f0rum okkar. Eins og s\u00e9st \u00e1 seinni myndinni \u00ed svarinu er framlag langalang\u00f6mmu og hennar kynsl\u00f3\u00f0ar t\u00f6luvert, en \u00feegar komi\u00f0 er nokkrum kynsl\u00f3\u00f0um ofar ver\u00f0a \u00e1hrif breytileika \u00ed endurr\u00f6\u00f0un meiri og l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 erfum einhver gen fr\u00e1 forfe\u00f0rum okkar dv\u00edna hratt. Minni en 50% l\u00edkur eru \u00e1 a\u00f0 forfe\u00f0ur \u00ed 9. li\u00f0 hafi gefi\u00f0 okkur eitt einasta gen og vi\u00f0 14. kynsl\u00f3\u00f0 eru l\u00edkurnar or\u00f0nar minni en 5%.<\/p>\n<p>En framlagi\u00f0 h\u00e6kkar vitanlega ef forfa\u00f0irinn (til d\u00e6mis langalangamman \u00ed d\u00e6minu a\u00f0 ofan) kemur tvisvar e\u00f0a oftar fyrir \u00ed \u00e6ttartr\u00e9 einstaklings. Og \u00fev\u00ed ofar sem vi\u00f0 klifrum \u00ed \u00e6ttartr\u00e9\u00f0, \u00fev\u00ed meiri ver\u00f0a l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 a\u00f0 greinarnar falli saman. Samruni \u00ed \u00e6ttartrj\u00e1m er ansi algengur og getur af s\u00e9r forvitnileg mynstur.<\/p>\n<p>Meginni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Einstaklingar fr\u00e1 helming gena sinna fr\u00e1 hvoru foreldri.<\/li>\n<li>Einstaklingar f\u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0ung gena sinna fr\u00e1 hverri \u00f6mmu og afa.<\/li>\n<li>Einstaklingar f\u00e1 s\u00edfellt minna erf\u00f0aframlag fr\u00e1 forfe\u00f0rum \u00feegar klifra\u00f0 er ofar \u00ed \u00e6ttartr\u00e9\u00f0.<\/li>\n<li>Stokkun litninga veldur mikilli dreifni \u00ed erf\u00f0aframlagi hvers forf\u00f6\u00f0urs ofar \u00ed \u00e6ttartr\u00e9nu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Heimildir og mynd:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Graham Coop. <a href=\"https:\/\/gcbias.org\/2013\/11\/04\/how-much-of-your-genome-do-you-inherit-from-a-particular-ancestor\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How much of your genome do you inherit from a particular ancestor?<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/gcbias.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gcbias.org<\/a>, 4. n\u00f3vember 2013. (Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 12. febr\u00faar 2018).<\/li>\n<li>Mynd: Arnar P\u00e1lsson.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Me\u00f0 b\u00e6ttum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um til a\u00f0 greina erf\u00f0abreytileika manna \u00e1 milli og betri l\u00edk\u00f6num \u00ed stofnerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i hefur m\u00f6guleikinn \u00e1 a\u00f0 svara spurningu eins og \u00feessari aukist miki\u00f0. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota sameindagreiningar m\u00e1 finna hva\u00f0a litningar og hlutar \u00feeirra koma fr\u00e1 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2018\/04\/03\/icelandic-hversu-morg-gen-faum-vid-fra-hverjum-forfodur\/\">Halda \u00e1fram a\u00f0 lesa <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":132,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13971,13973],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general-biology","category-visindavefur-svor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/717","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/132"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=717"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/717\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":718,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/717\/revisions\/718"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=717"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=717"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=717"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}