<\/p>\n
\u00datdau\u00f0i d\u00fdra er raunverulegt vandam\u00e1l og hann getur haft alvarlegar aflei\u00f0ingar.<\/p>\n
\u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fatdau\u00f0a eru margv\u00edslegar, ofvei\u00f0ar, ey\u00f0ing b\u00fasv\u00e6\u00f0a, landn\u00fdting, mengun fr\u00e1 t.d. landb\u00fana\u00f0i og i\u00f0na\u00f0i, og vitanlega loftslagsbreytingar.<\/p>\n
\u00cd fyrri viku b\u00e1rust t\u00ed\u00f0indi af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fyrsta spend\u00fdri\u00f0 hafi d\u00e1i\u00f0 \u00fat auglj\u00f3slega af v\u00f6ldum loftslagsbreytinga.<\/p>\n
Tegund sem kalla\u00f0ist Bramble Cay melomys, var m\u00fas sem bj\u00f3 \u00e1 l\u00edtilli \u00c1stralskri eyju. H\u00fan lif\u00f0i \u00e1 litlu rifi milli \u00c1stral\u00edu og Pap\u00faa n\u00fdju g\u00edneu.<\/p>\n
H\u00e6kkandi sj\u00e1varsta\u00f0a vegna loftslagbreytinga eyddi b\u00fasv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00e1 eyjunni. Vita\u00f0 var um afdrif hennar, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 og bj\u00f3 \u00e1 l\u00edtilli eyju (og vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan var s\u00e6t m\u00fas). Fyrir hverja eina sl\u00edka tegund sem vi\u00f0 missum, er h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 missum tugi, hundru\u00f0i, \u00fe\u00fasundir annara, ekki jafn vel \u00feekktra e\u00f0a minna heillandi, vegna loftslagsbreytinga.<\/p>\n
Endurfundur skjaldb\u00f6kunnar<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c1 svipu\u00f0um t\u00edma b\u00e1rust fr\u00e9ttir af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skjaldbaka sem talin var \u00fatdau\u00f0 fannst aftur. Skjaldbakan Chelonoidis phantasticus (<\/em>Kelen\u00e6dis fantast\u00edkus me\u00f0 \u00edslenskri lat\u00ednu), <\/em>b\u00fdr \u00e1 Fernandina eyjunni \u00ed Gal\u00e1pagoseyjaklasanum. S\u00ed\u00f0ast s\u00e1st til tegundarinnar fyrir 110 \u00e1rum, og tali\u00f0 var a\u00f0 h\u00fan v\u00e6ri \u00fatdau\u00f0 \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar eldgos. En n\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ingar h\u00f6f\u00f0u fundi\u00f0 margv\u00edslegar v\u00edsbendingar um tilvist skjaldb\u00f6ku \u00e1 eyjunni, m.a. grunsamlegan saur. Me\u00f0 samstilltu st\u00f3r\u00e1taki fannst ein skjaldbaka tegundarinnar. Lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 eitt eintak hafi fundist og tegundin ekki formlega \u00fatdau\u00f0, eru ekki margir einstaklingar eftir.<\/p>\n Blessunarlega eru enn\u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3spillt sv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0inni, m.a. \u00e1 Galapagos eyjum, me\u00f0 st\u00f3ra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0gar\u00f0a \u00fear sem d\u00fdr og a\u00f0rar l\u00edfverur hafa athvarf. \u00deau athv\u00f6rf eru samt of f\u00e1, l\u00edtil og fer f\u00e6kkandi.<\/p>\n Hrun skord\u00fdra<\/strong><\/p>\n Nokkrar n\u00fdlegar ranns\u00f3knir hafa afhj\u00fapa\u00f0 hnignun stofna skord\u00fdra. Ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 skord\u00fdrum eru mun erfi\u00f0ari en \u00e1 st\u00e6rri d\u00fdrum og g\u00f6gnin sem fyrir liggja glopp\u00f3ttari. Samt er auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 stofnar skord\u00fdra hafa l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00e1 sj\u00e1, eins og \u00feekkist e.t.v. best \u00e1 \u00e1standi b\u00fdflugnastofna \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og nor\u00f0ur Amer\u00edku. Fr\u00e9ttir um skord\u00fdrahruni\u00f0 voru kannski a\u00f0eins of dramat\u00edskar, en \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00f6rpu\u00f0u a.m.k. lj\u00f3si \u00e1 vanr\u00e6ktan risa. Skord\u00fdr eru \u00e1kaflega mikilv\u00e6g, \u00ed vistkerfum og fyrir landb\u00fana\u00f0, en veruleikinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum \u00feau f\u00e1ranlega illa. Skord\u00fdr tilheyra li\u00f0d\u00fdrum, sem eru 80% af \u00f6llum \u00feekktum tegundum d\u00fdra. Til a\u00f0 mynda hefur um 900.000 skord\u00fdrategundum veri\u00f0 l\u00fdst. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 heildarfj\u00f6ldi tegunda skord\u00fdra s\u00e9 eitthva\u00f0 \u00ed kringum 30 millj\u00f3nir. Til samanbur\u00f0ar eru bara \u00feekktar um 6500 spendyrategundir. \u00d3l\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 margar tegundir spend\u00fdra s\u00e9u \u00f3fundnar.<\/p>\n Spurt var, getur erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0in hj\u00e1lpa\u00f0 okkur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 bjarga tegundum fr\u00e1 \u00fatdau\u00f0a?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00derennt hefur veri\u00f0 nefnt. Notkun erf\u00f0agreiningar til a\u00f0 skilja fj\u00f6lbreytileika tegunda og stofna, notun erf\u00f0auppl\u00fdsinga til a\u00f0 st\u00fdra \u00e6xlunum tegunda \u00ed \u00fatr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6ttu (til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast inn\u00e6xlun eins og \u00ed d\u00fdrag\u00f6r\u00f0um), e\u00f0a nota sameindaerf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i og frumul\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 kl\u00f3na tegundir e\u00f0a erf\u00f0abreyta n\u00falifandi tegundum \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r l\u00edkist \u00fatdau\u00f0um (t.d. f\u00edl \u00ed lo\u00f0f\u00edl).<\/p>\n Fyrri n\u00e1lganirnar tv\u00e6r er au\u00f0veldar \u00ed framkv\u00e6md og miki\u00f0 nota\u00f0ar, hin s\u00ed\u00f0astnefnda er n\u00e6r \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera v\u00edsindask\u00e1ldskapur en veruleiki. Erf\u00f0at\u00e6knin mun ekki gagnast, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir yfirl\u00fdsingar sumra v\u00edsindamanna, til a\u00f0 bjarga tegundum fr\u00e1 \u00ed \u00fatr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6ttu. Sannarlega hafa nokkrar tegundir veri\u00f0 kl\u00f3na\u00f0ar, svo sem kindur, k\u00fdr og skyldar tegundir, en einnig nokkrar a\u00f0rar. Heilmiki\u00f0 og kostna\u00f0arsamt \u00fer\u00f3unarstarf er nau\u00f0synlegt til a\u00f0 geta kl\u00f3na\u00f0 einstaklinga \u00e1kve\u00f0innar tegundar. \u00deannig a\u00f0 fyrir hverja eina tegund sem vi\u00f0 myndum vilja kl\u00f3na og bjarga \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt yr\u00f0um vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 leggja \u00ed mikinn startkostna\u00f0. Og alls er \u00f3v\u00edst a\u00f0 kl\u00f3nunin heppnis. Ekki hefur tekist a\u00f0 kl\u00f3na \u00f6ll d\u00fdr sem reynt hefur veri\u00f0. Doll\u00fd var t.d. afur\u00f0 tilraunar 277, me\u00f0 kl\u00f3nun \u00e1 kindum.<\/p>\n Ekki er verjandi a\u00f0 ey\u00f0a meiri fj\u00e1rmunum \u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faa til einn kl\u00f3na\u00f0an nashyrning - en \u00feyrfti til a\u00f0 halda uppi og vernda m\u00f6rg\u00fe\u00fasund ferk\u00edl\u00f3metra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0gar\u00f0i \u00ed langan t\u00edma.<\/p>\n Mikilv\u00e6gust eru orsakir \u00feess a\u00f0 d\u00fdr og a\u00f0rar l\u00edfverur eru \u00ed \u00fatr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6ttu, \u00fe.e. gj\u00f6r\u00f0ir mannana. Ey\u00f0ing b\u00fasv\u00e6\u00f0a vegur \u00fear mest. Ef vi\u00f0 kl\u00f3num fullt af d\u00fdrum, en setjum \u00feau s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed agnarsm\u00e1a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0gar\u00f0a e\u00f0a l\u00e6sum inni \u00ed d\u00fdragar\u00f0i, \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 ekki bjarga\u00f0 m\u00e1lunum. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum \u00ed besta falli afvegaleitt sj\u00e1lf okkur, og fresta\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 takast \u00e1 vi\u00f0 r\u00f3t vandans.<\/p>\n Okkar mesti galli - blinda \u00e1 h\u00e6gar breytingar<\/strong><\/p>\n Vi\u00f0 manneskjurnar erum l\u00e9leg \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00e6la h\u00e6gfara breytingar, \u00e1 n\u00e1tt\u00farunni og \u00f6\u00f0rum hlutum. Enska hugtaki\u00f0 sem l\u00fdsir \u00feessum galla okkar er Shifting baseline syndrome<\/em>, sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a m\u00e6tti sem vi\u00f0mi\u00f0i\u00f0 hreyfist heilkenni\u00f0.<\/p>\n Fr\u00e6gt d\u00e6mi er af sportvei\u00f0um. Hvert einasta \u00e1r er haldin sportvei\u00f0i, og einhver fiskur er st\u00e6rstur og f\u00f3lki finnst hann risat\u00f3r. En ef bornir eru saman st\u00e6rstu fiskana yfir langt t\u00edmabil, t.d. fr\u00e1 1910 til 2010, s\u00e9st a\u00f0 \u00feeir fara s\u00edfellt minnkandi. F\u00f3lk skynjar \u00feetta ekki, \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0mi\u00f0i\u00f0 f\u00e6rist \u00e1 hverju \u00e1ri.<\/p>\n \u00dea\u00f0 sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um allt mat okkar \u00e1 \u00e1standi n\u00e1tt\u00farunnar (og m\u00f6gulega \u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu). \u00cd Evr\u00f3pu og Amer\u00edku hefur skord\u00fdrum f\u00e6kka\u00f0 vegna ey\u00f0ingu b\u00fasv\u00e6\u00f0a, r\u00e6ktarland kemur \u00ed sta\u00f0 villtrar n\u00e1tt\u00faru, og h\u00fasahverfi \u00ed sta\u00f0 akra, me\u00f0 \u00feeim aflei\u00f0ingum a\u00f0 yfir \u00e1r og \u00e1ratugi f\u00e6kkar skord\u00fdrunum.<\/p>\n \u00deetta birtist um alla j\u00f6r\u00f0, \u00ed m\u00f6rgum \u00fe\u00e1ttum umhverfis, og orsakirnar eru yfirleitt mennskar. Breytingar eru \u00e1 loftslagi, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 keyrum b\u00edla, kaupum drasl og flj\u00fagum til \u00fatlanda oft \u00e1 \u00e1ri! Ef vi\u00f0 viljum bjarga sj\u00e1lfum okkur, b\u00f6rnum okkar og l\u00edfinu \u00e1 j\u00f6r\u00f0inni \u00ed lei\u00f0inni, \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feurfum vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 breyta heg\u00f0an okkar. Og \u00fer\u00fdsta \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld a\u00f0 taka til a\u00f0ger\u00f0a. Vi\u00f0 eigum ekki a\u00f0 m\u00f3tm\u00e6la \u00feegar gr\u00e6nir skattar eru settir \u00e1 eldsneyti til a\u00f0 au\u00f0veld orkuskipt, e\u00f0a flugfargj\u00f6ld h\u00e6kka til a\u00f0 draga \u00far loftslagsbreytingum! Hugsa um langt\u00edmahag ekki skammt\u00edmavell\u00ed\u00f0an.<\/p>\n Pistillinn var rita\u00f0ur eftir samr\u00e6\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 Morgun\u00fatvarpsf\u00f3lk \u00e1 R\u00e1s 2 \u00feann 22. febr\u00faar 2019 (\u00datr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6tta<\/a>) og birtist fyrst \u00e1 apalsson.blog.is (\u00datdau\u00f0i tegunda og blinda okkar \u00e1 h\u00e6gar breytingar<\/a>)<\/p>\n \u00cdtarefni:<\/p>\n