{"id":867,"date":"2020-03-24T11:05:00","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T11:05:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/?p=867"},"modified":"2020-03-24T11:05:00","modified_gmt":"2020-03-24T11:05:00","slug":"icelandic-hvadan-kom-covid-19-veiran","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/apalsson\/IS\/2020\/03\/24\/icelandic-hvadan-kom-covid-19-veiran\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0an kom COVID-19 veiran?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a erf\u00f0amengi k\u00f3r\u00f3naveirunnar sem veldur COVID-19 \u00ed f\u00f3lki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 uppruna hennar.<\/span>[1]<\/a><\/sup> S\u00fdkingin var fyrst greind \u00ed Wuhan-borg \u00ed K\u00edna \u00ed desember 2019 en n\u00fa er vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 veiran var farin a\u00f0 s\u00fdkja einstaklinga \u00ed borginni um mi\u00f0jan n\u00f3vember. \u00cd grein sem birtist \u00ed lok jan\u00faar 2020 reyna k\u00ednverskir v\u00edsindamenn a\u00f0 svara spurningunni um hva\u00f0an veiran hafi komi\u00f0. \u00deeir t\u00f3ku s\u00fdni \u00far lungnav\u00f6kva n\u00edu s\u00fdktra einstaklinga og notu\u00f0u einnig einangra\u00f0ar veirur og framkv\u00e6mdu svonefnda heilra\u00f0greiningu \u00e1 erf\u00f0aefni \u00far s\u00fdnunum. S\u00ed\u00f0an voru l\u00edfuppl\u00fdsingafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir nota\u00f0ar til a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a saman b\u00fatum \u00ed t\u00f6lvu og \u00e1\u00e6tla \u00feannig erf\u00f0amengi veiranna. Veiran reyndist hafa 29.903 basapara langt eins\u00fe\u00e1tta RNA-erf\u00f0amengi. Allir einstaklingarnir voru s\u00fdktir af s\u00f6mu ger\u00f0 veirunnar sem s\u00e9st \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ra\u00f0irnar eru 99,9% eins. A\u00f0eins \u00f6rf\u00e1 fr\u00e1vik voru \u00ed erf\u00f0amenginu milli s\u00fdna. Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a erf\u00f0amengjum veiranna og bera saman vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar k\u00f3r\u00f3naveirur er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 meta skyldleika \u00feeirra og setja fram tilg\u00e1tur um uppruna COVID-19 veirunnar. Tegundir me\u00f0 sameiginlegan uppruna eru l\u00edkari \u00ed byggingu e\u00f0a erf\u00f0asamsetningu en fjarskyldari tegundir. \u00dea\u00f0 gerir m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 meta \u00fer\u00f3unartr\u00e9 tegunda og einnig veira. Erf\u00f0ag\u00f6gnum \u00far sj\u00faklingunum n\u00edu og nokkrum tugum annarra k\u00f3r\u00f3naveira var ra\u00f0a\u00f0 saman og \u00fer\u00f3unartr\u00e9 meti\u00f0.<\/p>\n

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\u00der\u00f3unarskyldleiki COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) er mestur vi\u00f0 ra\u00f0ir veira sem fundist hafa \u00ed le\u00f0urbl\u00f6kum. SARS-veiran (SARS-CoV) sem geisa\u00f0i 2002\/2003 er af \u00f6\u00f0rum mei\u00f0i. Bygging erf\u00f0amengja veiranna er \u00e1\u00feekk, nema me\u00f0al gena sem eru \u00e1 3\u2019-enda litningsins. Myndin er fengin \u00far grein Xiaowei Li og f\u00e9laga (2020).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00der\u00f3unartr\u00e9\u00f0 s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 COVID-19 veirurnar eru skyldastar veirum sem fundist hafa \u00ed le\u00f0urbl\u00f6kum. Ra\u00f0irnar \u00far COVID-19 einstaklingunum eru 96,3% eins og le\u00f0urbl\u00f6kuveira sem kallast \u00e1 fr\u00e6\u00f0im\u00e1li BatCoV-RaTG13. \u00dea\u00f0 sta\u00f0festir grun veirufr\u00e6\u00f0inga um a\u00f0 veirurnar hafi stokki\u00f0 \u00e1 milli h\u00fdsla. Sl\u00edkt er \u00feekkt, til a\u00f0 mynda b\u00e1rust HIV- og z\u00edkaveirurnar<\/a> \u00far \u00f6\u00f0rum tegundum yfir \u00ed menn. \u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu tveimur \u00e1ratugum hafa tv\u00e6r k\u00f3r\u00f3naveirur stokki\u00f0 yfir \u00ed menn, SARS-CoV og MERS-CoV. L\u00edklega ger\u00f0ist \u00fea\u00f0 vegna dr\u00e1ps og neyslu \u00e1 villtum d\u00fdrum. G\u00f6gnin s\u00fdna sk\u00fdrt a\u00f0 n\u00fdja veiran hefur a\u00f0ra erf\u00f0asamsetningu en b\u00e6\u00f0i SARS og MERS og \u00fea\u00f0 sta\u00f0festir a\u00f0 um n\u00fdja s\u00fdkingu er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00cd \u00feessu samhengi er full \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 minna \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00fa \u00e1r\u00e1tta f\u00f3lks a\u00f0 drepa og \u00e9ta villt d\u00fdr er kveikjan a\u00f0 COVID-19 fars\u00f3ttinni. Neysla kj\u00f6ts af h\u00fasd\u00fdrum hefur ekki s\u00f6mu h\u00e6ttu \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r, enda s\u00f3ttvarnir yfirleitt g\u00f3\u00f0ar \u00ed landb\u00fana\u00f0i. Ef f\u00f3lk hef\u00f0i hlusta\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00e1lflutning veirufr\u00e6\u00f0inga og n\u00e1tt\u00faruverndarsinna sem hafa bent \u00e1 h\u00e6ttuna af sl\u00edkri i\u00f0ju, v\u00e6ri mannkyni\u00f0 ekki \u00ed \u00feessari st\u00f6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n

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H\u00e9r er s\u00fdnd r\u00f6\u00f0 genanna \u00ed \u00feremur veirum, SARS, MERS og COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Greina m\u00e1 mun \u00e1 genasamsetningu milli veiruger\u00f0anna. Myndin er fengin \u00far grein Xiaowei Li og f\u00e9laga (2020).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00de\u00f3 a\u00f0 COVID-19 veiran s\u00e9 skyldust veirum sem finnast \u00ed le\u00f0urbl\u00f6kum er ekki v\u00edst a\u00f0 um beint smit milli \u00feessara tegunda s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. M\u00f6gulegt er a\u00f0 veirurnar hafi borist \u00ed menn \u00far enn annarri tegund. \u00deeirri spurningu ver\u00f0ur hins vegar ekki svara\u00f0 fyrr en b\u00fai\u00f0 er a\u00f0 kanna veirus\u00fdkingar \u00ed fleiri villtum tegundum. Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fyrstu erf\u00f0auppl\u00fdsingar um veiruna ur\u00f0u a\u00f0gengilegar hafa v\u00edsindamenn unni\u00f0 h\u00f6r\u00f0um h\u00f6ndum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a n\u00fdjar a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 greina hana og meta erf\u00f0amengi veira \u00ed s\u00fdktum einstaklingum. Hi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ara n\u00fdtist s\u00e9rstaklega til a\u00f0 rekja smitlei\u00f0ir og framvindu faraldursins.<\/p>\n

Samantekt.<\/h3>\n