Talsvert hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e6tt um fr\u00e6gan fund (e\u00f0a ekki-fund) \u00ed H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands 6. \u00e1g\u00fast sl. \u00fear sem pr\u00f3fessor Gil S. Epstein fr\u00e1 \u00cdsrael haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fenginn sem fr\u00e6\u00f0ima\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 halda erindi \u00e1 s\u00e9rsvi\u00f0i s\u00ednu. Fundurinn leystist upp vegna mikils \u00f3n\u00e6\u00f0is fr\u00e1 fundarm\u00f6nnum sem litu \u00e1 hann sem t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri fyrir sig til a\u00f0 m\u00f3tm\u00e6la framfer\u00f0i \u00cdsraelsmanna \u00e1 Gaza. Undirrita\u00f0ur var ekki \u00e1 fundinum, en hefur tvisvar \u00e1 l\u00f6ngum fundaferli s\u00ednum or\u00f0i\u00f0 vitni af svipu\u00f0u, en \u00fe\u00f3 \u00feannig a\u00f0 einstaka r\u00e6\u00f0umenn sem m\u00f3tm\u00e6lendum var \u00ed n\u00f6p vi\u00f0 ur\u00f0u \u00e1 brott a\u00f0 hverfa til koma \u00e1 fri\u00f0i \u00e1 fundi sem s\u00ed\u00f0an var fram haldi\u00f0.<\/p>\n
Mannr\u00e9ttindi<\/strong><\/p>\n Ef vi\u00f0 sko\u00f0um m\u00e1l \u00feetta fr\u00e1 mannr\u00e9ttindasj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i sn\u00fdst \u00fea\u00f0 um m\u00e1lfrelsi og fundarfrelsi, n\u00e1nar tilteki\u00f0 r\u00e9ttindi sem m\u00e6lt er fyrir um \u00ed 73. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi, sem\u00a0 og 3. mgr. 74. gr. hennar um r\u00e9tt manna til a\u00f0 koma saman vopnlausir (fundafrelsi), sbr. einnig 10. og 11. gr. mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast \u00feetta fr\u00e1 \u00f3l\u00edku sj\u00f3narhorni en eitt \u00feeirra er a\u00f0 spyrja hvort \u00ed m\u00e1lfrelsi og r\u00e9tti manns til a\u00f0 m\u00f3tm\u00e6la felist r\u00e9ttur hans til a\u00f0 meina \u00f6\u00f0rum manni me\u00f0 h\u00e1reysti og uppiv\u00f6\u00f0slu a\u00f0 taka til m\u00e1ls \u00e1 fundi sem honum hefur veri\u00f0 bo\u00f0i\u00f0 til og hleypa \u00fear me\u00f0 fundi upp og ey\u00f0ileggja hann.<\/p>\n Ef \u00feetta er meti\u00f0 \u00e1 grundvelli mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu og d\u00f3maframkv\u00e6mdar mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu \u00fe\u00e1 er b\u00e6\u00f0i stutta og langa svari\u00f0 eftirfarandi: Nei, \u00ed r\u00e9tti manns til m\u00e1lfrelsis og til a\u00f0 m\u00f3tm\u00e6la felst ekki r\u00e9ttur til a\u00f0 hleypa upp l\u00f6glegum fundum annarra og ey\u00f0ileggja \u00fe\u00e1. Um \u00feetta vitna margir d\u00f3mar MDE. \u00deeir ganga \u00fat \u00e1 a\u00f0 r\u00edkinu beri einmitt skylda til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 menn geti haldi\u00f0 l\u00f6glega fundi s\u00edna \u00ed fri\u00f0i fyrir f\u00f3lki sem er \u00f3s\u00e1tt vi\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0umenn sem \u00fear eru \u00e1 m\u00e6lendaskr\u00e1 e\u00f0a af \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um. Ef r\u00edki\u00f0, n\u00e1nar tilteki\u00f0 \u00feau yfirv\u00f6ld innan \u00feess sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 var\u00f0ar hverju sinni, r\u00edsa ekki undir \u00feeirri skyldu sinni a\u00f0 tryggja m\u00f6nnum r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 halda l\u00f6glegan fund sinn \u00ed fri\u00f0i fyrir h\u00e1reysti og uppiv\u00f6\u00f0slu annarra sem vilja ey\u00f0ileggja hann, \u00fe\u00e1 er vissulega m\u00f6gulegt l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 hafi broti\u00f0 gegn j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um skyldum s\u00ednum samkv\u00e6mt 11. gr. mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu. En vitaskuld \u00fearf a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta reyna \u00e1 \u00feetta innanlands fyrst \u00e1\u00f0ur en haldi\u00f0 er til Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu me\u00f0 sl\u00edkt m\u00e1l. Taka m\u00e1 fram a\u00f0 skylda \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins til a\u00f0 vernda me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti funda- og m\u00e1lfrelsi tekur til allra \u00feeirra einstaklinga sem eru innan l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins og er \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erni \u00feeirra e\u00f0a uppruna a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti.<\/p>\n Hegningarl\u00f6g<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00cdslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 uppfyllir j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0ar skyldur s\u00ednar til verndar fundarfrelsi me\u00f0al annars me\u00f0 122. gr. almennra hegningarlaga. \u00cd 1. mgr. greinarinnar segir a\u00f0 hver, sem hindrar, a\u00f0 l\u00f6glegur mannfundur s\u00e9 haldinn, skuli s\u00e6ta sektum e\u00f0a fangelsi allt a\u00f0 1 \u00e1ri,\u00a0e\u00f0a fangelsi allt a\u00f0 2 \u00e1rum, ef miklar sakir eru, einkum ef ofr\u00edki e\u00f0a \u00f3gnun \u00ed framfer\u00f0i hefur veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0haft. S\u00ed\u00f0an segir \u00ed 2. mgr. s\u00f6mu greinar a\u00f0 raski nokkur fundarfri\u00f0i \u00e1 l\u00f6gbo\u00f0num samkomum um opinber m\u00e1lefni me\u00f0 h\u00e1reysti e\u00f0a uppiv\u00f6\u00f0slu, \u00fe\u00e1 var\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 sektum e\u00f0a fangelsi allt a\u00f0 3 m\u00e1nu\u00f0um.<\/p>\n \u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00a0a\u00f0 finna \u00ed XIII. kafla almennra hegningarlaga sem ber yfirskriftina: Brot gegn almannafri\u00f0i og allsherjarreglu. \u00cdslenskir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn \u00ed refsir\u00e9tti hafa ekki gefi\u00f0 \u00feessu \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i mikinn gaum og ekki t\u00f3kst m\u00e9r a\u00f0 finna d\u00f3ma \u00fear sem beinl\u00ednis er sakfellt fyrir brot samkv\u00e6mt 1. mgr. \u00de\u00f3 eru til d\u00f3mar \u00fear sem 2. mgr. var til sko\u00f0unar e\u00f0a hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed 1. mgr. 113. hegningarlaganna fr\u00e1 1869.<\/p>\n N\u00e6rt\u00e6kur er s\u00e1 skilningur a\u00f0 1. mgr. \u00feessarar lagagreinar taki til allra l\u00f6glegra \u201emannfunda\u201c eins og \u00fea\u00f0 er kalla\u00f0, \u00fe.e. funda sem bo\u00f0a\u00f0ir eru \u00e1 l\u00f6gm\u00e6tan h\u00e1tt og brj\u00f3ta ekki \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g e\u00f0a reglur. Um getur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a margs konar fundi, svo sem stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lafundi, f\u00e9lagsfundi af \u00fdmsu tagi og svo einnig fundi fr\u00e6\u00f0af\u00e9laga og akadem\u00edskra stofnana \u00fear sem r\u00e6dd eru fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg og v\u00edsindalega m\u00e1lefni. \u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 2. mgr. s\u00f6mu greinar s\u00fdnist aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00ferengra \u00fev\u00ed ef teki\u00f0 er mi\u00f0 af or\u00f0alaginu, og s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u00ed 137. gr. d\u00f6nsku hegningarlaganna til hli\u00f0sj\u00f3nar, s\u00fdnist \u00fev\u00ed \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka til funda sem eru beinl\u00ednis l\u00f6gbo\u00f0nir og tengjast opinberum m\u00e1lefnum, t.d. sveitarstj\u00f3rnarfundi, Al\u00feingisfundi e\u00f0a a\u00f0ra opinbera fundi \u00fear sem stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld taka \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir.<\/p>\n Ef \u00feetta er r\u00e9ttur skilningur hj\u00e1 m\u00e9r \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 1. mgr. s\u00fdnist tilgangur \u00feess vera a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 a\u00f0ilar sem bo\u00f0a l\u00f6glega fundi \u00ed l\u00f6glegum tilgangi geti haldi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed fri\u00f0i. \u00deannig skilin tengist 122. gr. almennra hegningarlaga 73. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi, sem\u00a0 og 3. mgr. 74. gr. hennar um r\u00e9tt manna til a\u00f0 koma saman vopnlausir (fundafrelsi), sem og einnig 10. og 11. gr. mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu sem fyrr eru nefndar.<\/p>\n Samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 r\u00e9tti manna (f\u00e9laga, stofnana o.sfrv.) til a\u00f0 halda l\u00f6glega fundi \u00ed fri\u00f0i og \u00e1n r\u00f6skunar er veitt s\u00e9rst\u00f6k refsivernd. Af \u00fev\u00ed lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 hafi umr\u00e6ddur fundur \u00ed H\u00cd (\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafninu) veri\u00f0 \u201el\u00f6glegur mannfundur\u201c \u00ed skilningi 122. gr. almennra hegningarlaga og m\u00f3tm\u00e6lendur hafa \u201ehindra\u00f0\u201c a\u00f0 hann f\u00e6ri fram er m\u00f6gulega um hegningarlagabrot a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a sem getur var\u00f0a\u00f0 fangelsi allt a\u00f0 einu \u00e1ri. Ef til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar \u00feykir sanna\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201eofr\u00edki e\u00f0a \u00f3gnun\u201c \u00ed framfer\u00f0i hafi veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0haft \u00fe\u00e1 getur fangelsisrefsing or\u00f0i\u00f0 allt a\u00f0 tveimur \u00e1rum. \u00dear sem \u00e9g \u00feekki ekki atvik \u00e1 fundinum \u00ed sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um l\u00e6t \u00e9g \u00f6\u00f0rum, sem betur \u00feekkja til, eftir mat \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort skilyr\u00f0um 122. gr. til a\u00f0 koma fram refsingu kunni a\u00f0 vera fulln\u00e6gt.<\/p>\n Pistilinn ber ekki me\u00f0 nokkrum h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 skilja sem stu\u00f0ning h\u00f6fundar vi\u00f0 framfer\u00f0i \u00cdsraelsmanna \u00e1 Gaza.<\/p>\n H\u00f6fundur er h\u00e6star\u00e9ttarl\u00f6gma\u00f0ur og pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 HA.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Talsvert hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e6tt um fr\u00e6gan fund (e\u00f0a ekki-fund) \u00ed H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands 6. \u00e1g\u00fast sl. \u00fear sem pr\u00f3fessor Gil S. Epstein fr\u00e1 \u00cdsrael haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fenginn sem fr\u00e6\u00f0ima\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 halda erindi \u00e1 s\u00e9rsvi\u00f0i s\u00ednu. Fundurinn leystist upp vegna mikils … Continue reading