Tilhneiging er til \u00feess \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um samf\u00e9lasgefni a\u00f0 stilla l\u00f6gum og lagaframkv\u00e6md\u00a0upp sem einhvers konar andst\u00e6\u00f0u\u00a0vi\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu. H\u00e9r er margs a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta, enda tengsl laga og si\u00f0fer\u00f0is\u00a0vi\u00f0fangsefni sem hugleiki\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e9ttarheimspekingum um aldir og fj\u00f6lmargar og fj\u00f6lbreytilegar kenningar veri\u00f0 settar fram um \u00fea\u00f0 efni.<\/p>\n
L\u00edti\u00f0 brot af umr\u00e6\u00f0u\u00a0um tengsl laga og si\u00f0fer\u00f0is var\u00f0ar \u00fe\u00e1 spurningu hvort og \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 hva\u00f0a marki si\u00f0fer\u00f0i byggist \u00e1 l\u00f6gum. Svari\u00f0 g\u00e6ti virst liggja \u00ed augum uppi, enda s\u00e6kja menn stu\u00f0ning fyrir si\u00f0areglum og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegri afst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni yfirleitt ekki til laga.<\/p>\n
\u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki eins auglj\u00f3st og \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 fyrstu s\u00fdn og veltur m.a. \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig vi\u00f0 afm\u00f6rkum si\u00f0areglur og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega afst\u00f6\u00f0u e\u00f0a breytni. Si\u00f0areglur og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg afsta\u00f0a einstaklinga og breytni hefur r\u00edk \u00e1hrif \u00e1 samskipti \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra menn og umhverfi\u00f0 allt, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed einst\u00f6kum tilvikum og \u00ed heild. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir au\u00f0vita\u00f0, \u00feegar tekin er si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg afsta\u00f0a, a\u00f0 hafa \u00fearf \u00ed huga \u00feau \u00e1hrif og \u00fe\u00e1 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu sem h\u00fan hefur fyrir a\u00f0ra. \u00dear sem einstaklingar eru hluti af h\u00f3pi, samf\u00e9lagi, r\u00edki e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum p\u00f3lit\u00edskum einingum, ver\u00f0ur meginverkefni si\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegrar aftst\u00f6\u00f0u hvernig vi\u00f0 getum lifa\u00f0 \u00ed fri\u00f0i og s\u00e1tt \u00ed samf\u00e9lagi vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra menn. Kjarni si\u00f0fer\u00f0is er \u00feannig \u00ed vissum skilningi \u201ep\u00f3lit\u00edskur\u201d \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0ustu merkingu \u00feess or\u00f0s.<\/p>\n
Til a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 a\u00f0 si\u00f0areglur eru \u00f3fullkomnar e\u00f0a \u00f3fulln\u00e6gjandi hafa menn bent \u00e1 umfer\u00f0arreglur sem d\u00e6mi. Segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 umfer\u00f0arreglur s\u00e9u sprottnar af \u00fev\u00ed sem kalla m\u00e1 \u201esi\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu\u201d. Krafan um si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu \u00ed \u00feessu samhengi helgast af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 okkur er nau\u00f0ugur einn kostur a\u00f0 koma okkur, me\u00f0 einum e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti, saman um vissa \u00fe\u00e6tti umfer\u00f0ar, svo sem eins og \u00e1 hvorum vegarhelmingi aka \u00e1, hver \u00e1 r\u00e9ttinn \u00feegar kemur a\u00f0 gatnam\u00f3tum o.s.frv. Annars er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00f6ng\u00feveiti skapist \u00f6llum til verulegs \u00f3hagr\u00e6\u00f0is. \u00de\u00e1 er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 spyrja hvort h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r saman um \u00feessar reglur \u00e1 hreinum si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum grundvelli, \u00feannig a\u00f0 tryggt s\u00e9, svo sem kostur er, a\u00f0 eftir \u00feeim ver\u00f0i fari\u00f0. \u00deetta s\u00fdnist vissulega erfitt, ef ekki \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt, nema settar s\u00e9u reglur sem fela \u00ed s\u00e9r valdbo\u00f0 og gert s\u00e9 r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 framfylgja \u00feeim, jafnvel gagnvart \u00feeim sem ekki fella sig vi\u00f0 reglurnar af einhverjum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um. \u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li, setja \u00fearf um \u00feetta l\u00f6g sem gera kleift a\u00f0 \u00feessum sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6g\u00f0u og e\u00f0lilegu si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum markmi\u00f0um ver\u00f0i n\u00e1\u00f0. A\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum kosti er mikil h\u00e6tta \u00e1 a\u00f0 reglurnar ver\u00f0i gagnslausar og kr\u00f6fur si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegrar samvinnu ekki uppfylltar.<\/p>\n
H\u00e9r m\u00e1 og nefna a\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg samvinna krefst \u00feess einnig a\u00f0 menn skipti me\u00f0 s\u00e9r kostna\u00f0i sem af \u00fev\u00ed hl\u00fdst a\u00f0 halda uppi skipulag\u00f0ri samf\u00e9lagsheild, sem nau\u00f0synleg er sem umgj\u00f6r\u00f0 um si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu. Innheimta \u00fearf skatta. Ef skattskylda manna v\u00e6ri eing\u00f6ngu reist \u00e1 tilv\u00edsun til hreinna si\u00f0areglna yr\u00f0i skattheimta ekki bara \u00f3fullkomin, heldur l\u00edklega mj\u00f6g \u00f3sanngj\u00f6rn. Fullyr\u00f0a m\u00e1 a\u00f0 reglur sem eing\u00f6ngu h\u00f6f\u00f0u\u00f0u til si\u00f0fer\u00f0iskenndar manna yr\u00f0u algj\u00f6rlega gagnslausar, enda s\u00fa tilhneiging manna \u00fatbreidd a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r undan grei\u00f0slu skatta svo sem kostur er. \u00d3r\u00e1\u00f0legt er \u00ed meira lagi a\u00f0 treysta \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0iskennd manna eina saman \u00ed \u00feeim efnum. Um \u00feetta \u00fearf au\u00f0vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 setja valdbo\u00f0, sem m.a. kve\u00f0a \u00e1 um hvernig reglunum skuli framfylgt og skattarnir innheimtir, hva\u00f0 sem tautar og raular. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf m.\u00f6.o. a\u00f0 setja l\u00f6g til a\u00f0 skattheimta ver\u00f0i si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega \u00e1s\u00e6ttanleg. Endalausar deilur um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig \u00feessi l\u00f6g eiga n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega a\u00f0 vera breyta engu um nau\u00f0syn \u00feess a\u00f0 setja \u00feau.<\/p>\n
\u00de\u00f6rf fyrir l\u00f6g ver\u00f0ur einnig lj\u00f3s vi\u00f0 \u00farlausn \u00e1litaefna sem eru fyrst og fremst si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg. F\u00f3sturey\u00f0ingar eru gjarnan teknar \u00ed d\u00e6maskyni. Sumir hafna f\u00f3sturey\u00f0ingum me\u00f0 \u00f6llu vi\u00f0 hvers konar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur nema til a\u00f0 bjarga l\u00edfi konu, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir setja vir\u00f0ingu fyrir l\u00edfinu ofar \u00f6llum gildum. A\u00f0rir meta l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i sem gildi sem taka \u00feurfi tillit til, sem geti jafnvel viki\u00f0 til hli\u00f0ar \u00f6\u00f0rum gildum, svo sem \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edf ver\u00f0i til e\u00f0a lengd \u00feess. \u00de\u00e1 er fleiri sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um haldi\u00f0 \u00e1 lofti \u00ed \u00feessu sambandi, svo sem a\u00f0 m\u00f6gulegt l\u00edf (f\u00f3stur) skuli setja \u00e1 sama bekk og l\u00edfi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft, en a\u00f0rir telja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edf sem \u00feegar er or\u00f0i\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 ganga framar. \u00de\u00e1 eru \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feeir sem leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 frelsi einstaklingsins til a\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0a hvernig hann hagar l\u00edfi s\u00ednu, og enn a\u00f0rir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 frelsi hlj\u00f3ti \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 v\u00edkja fyrir \u00f6\u00f0rum br\u00fdnni og almennari hagsmunum. \u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li, menn geta ekki me\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum r\u00f6kum einum saman komi\u00f0 s\u00e9r saman um hva\u00f0 skal gera og hva\u00f0 ekki, ef kona vill l\u00e1ta ey\u00f0a f\u00f3stri.<\/p>\n
Einnig h\u00e9r lei\u00f0ir af \u00fe\u00f6rfinni fyrir si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu a\u00f0 menn komi s\u00e9r saman um si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegar l\u00e1gmarkskr\u00f6fur. \u00dea\u00f0 er erfitt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 geti gerst nema valdi\u00f0 \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu skerist \u00ed leikinn. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er \u00fea\u00f0 svo a\u00f0 hinn si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegi \u00e1greiningur ver\u00f0ur ekki leystur me\u00f0 l\u00f6gunum, \u00fear sem \u00feau kve\u00f0a eing\u00f6ngu \u00e1 um hva\u00f0 m\u00e1 og hva\u00f0 m\u00e1 ekki, skilyr\u00f0i fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00f3sturey\u00f0ing skuli heimilu\u00f0 og hvernig a\u00f0 henni skuli sta\u00f0i\u00f0, auk \u00feess sem \u00feau m\u00e6la fyrir um vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed ef brug\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00fat af reglunum. Hinn si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegi \u00e1greiningur heldur \u00e1fram. Krafa um si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu krefst \u00feess \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn, hva\u00f0 sem hinum si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega \u00e1greiningi l\u00ed\u00f0ur, a\u00f0 fundin ver\u00f0i hagn\u00fdt lausn og henni framfylgt. A\u00f0 gera ekki neitt og b\u00ed\u00f0a eftir a\u00f0 hin si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0a ver\u00f0i til lykta leidd er \u00f3\u00e1s\u00e6ttanleg ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a fr\u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegu sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i, enda l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 a\u00f0 h\u00fan ver\u00f0i \u00ed reynd endanlega til lykta leidd n\u00e1nast engar. \u00deetta gildir ekki eing\u00f6ngu um f\u00f3sturey\u00f0ingar, heldur m\u00f6rg \u00e1litam\u00e1l samt\u00edmans sem hafa si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega sk\u00edrskotun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tilhneiging er til \u00feess \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um samf\u00e9lasgefni a\u00f0 stilla l\u00f6gum og lagaframkv\u00e6md\u00a0upp sem einhvers konar andst\u00e6\u00f0u\u00a0vi\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega samvinnu. H\u00e9r er margs a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta, enda tengsl laga og si\u00f0fer\u00f0is\u00a0vi\u00f0fangsefni sem hugleiki\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 r\u00e9ttarheimspekingum um aldir og fj\u00f6lmargar og fj\u00f6lbreytilegar … Continue reading