Gagnr\u00fdnendur ESB r\u00e6\u00f0a gjarnan um l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0ishalla \u00ed starfsemi sambandsins, einkum vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnin er ekki kosin beint af borgurunum og vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0anataka s\u00e9 fjarl\u00e6g almenningi og kj\u00f3sendum. Sambandi\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00fev\u00ed ekki l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt.<\/p>\n
\u00c1 m\u00f3ti segja a\u00f0rir a\u00f0 samspil Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingsins, r\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0sins og stofnana \u00ed a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum tryggi a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed raun l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed sambandi er bent \u00e1 eftirfarandi:\u00a0\u00cd fyrsta lagi<\/em>\u00a0l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt umbo\u00f0 sem liggur a\u00f0 baki valdheimildum ESB,\u00a0\u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi<\/em>\u00a0l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega uppbyggingu stofnana sambandsins, \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja lagi virka \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt umbo\u00f0 \u00feeirra sem taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum og loks\u00a0\u00ed fj\u00f3r\u00f0a lagi<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0vir\u00f0ingu fyrir mannr\u00e9ttindum og grunnreglu r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins. \u00c1 \u00feessum grundvelli s\u00e9 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 ESB uppfylli \u00f6ll grundvallarskilyr\u00f0i um l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt stj\u00f3rnskipulag, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0astofnun en ekki fullvalda r\u00edki.<\/p>\n ESB byggir \u00e1 meginreglunni um veittar valdheimildir (conferral principle), sem kemur fram \u00ed 5. gr. s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans um ESB. Samkv\u00e6mt henni hefur sambandi\u00f0 a\u00f0eins \u00feau v\u00f6ld sem a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin hafa veitt \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 grundvelli samninga sem sam\u00feykktir hafa veri\u00f0 eftir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegum lei\u00f0um \u00ed a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum. \u00deetta gerist me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin veita ESB valdheimildir me\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum sem teknar eru af l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega kj\u00f6rnum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feingum e\u00f0a r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnum sem hafa til \u00feess umbo\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00feingum. Stundum er \u00feetta gert \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slum og stundum me\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rbreytingu til a\u00f0 unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 deila valdi svo samr\u00fdmist stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. Fer \u00feetta eftir stj\u00f3rnskipunarreglum einstakra r\u00edkja, sem geta veri\u00f0 mismunandi fr\u00e1 einu r\u00edki til annars.<\/p>\n \u00cd \u00feessu felst a\u00f0 ESB byggir ekki \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0u valdi \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isleg ferli standi \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 baki. ESB byggir \u00feannig \u00e1 valdheimildum sem eiga uppruna sinn \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegum \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjanna um a\u00f0 deila valdi \u00e1 \u00feeim svi\u00f0um sem ESB n\u00e6r til. \u00deetta gera r\u00edki \u00ed skj\u00f3li fullveldisr\u00e9ttinda sinna.<\/p>\n a) Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingi\u00f0<\/em><\/p>\n \u00deingmenn Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingsins eru kj\u00f6rnir beint af borgurum ESB. \u00deingi\u00f0 fer me\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafarvald \u00e1samt r\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0inu, sam\u00feykkir fj\u00e1rl\u00f6g ESB og hefur eftirlit me\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rninni og getur l\u00fdst vantrausti \u00e1 hana \u00ed heild. Me\u00f0 \u00feessu er tryggt a\u00f0 kjarninn \u00ed l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f ESB byggist \u00e1 beinni l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegri \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku borgaranna.<\/p>\n b) R\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0 ESB<\/em><\/p>\n \u00cd r\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0inu sitja r\u00e1\u00f0herrar fr\u00e1 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum. \u00deeir hafa allir a\u00f0 baki s\u00e9r l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt umbo\u00f0 fr\u00e1 s\u00ednu heimar\u00edki. R\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 fer me\u00f0 lagasetningarvald \u00e1samt Evr\u00f3pu\u00feinginu og stefnum\u00f3tun \u00ed lykilm\u00e1lum. \u00deannig hafa a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin afgerandi beint \u00e1hrifavald innan ESB \u00ed gegnum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega kj\u00f6rna fulltr\u00faa heima fyrir.<\/p>\n c) Lei\u00f0togar\u00e1\u00f0 ESB<\/em><\/p>\n \u00cd lei\u00f0togar\u00e1\u00f0inu eiga s\u00e6ti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00f6f\u00f0ingjar a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjanna e\u00f0a lei\u00f0togar r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rna sem fara me\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega \u00e1byrg\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt stj\u00f3rnskipan vi\u00f0komandi r\u00edkis. Lei\u00f0togar\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 setur heildarstefnu sambandsins og m\u00f3tar \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess.<\/p>\n L\u00f6ggjafarferli ESB byggist \u00e1 samvinnu Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingsins, sem kosi\u00f0 er beint sem fyrr segir og R\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0sins, \u00fear sem eiga s\u00e6ti r\u00e1\u00f0herrar fr\u00e1 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum sem hafa l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt umbo\u00f0 a\u00f0 baki s\u00e9r. Mest af l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f sambandsins er sam\u00feykkt \u00feannig a\u00f0 Framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnin leggur fram till\u00f6gu, \u00feingi\u00f0 og r\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a hana og breyta ef svo ber undir. Samkomulag beggja stofnana er nau\u00f0synlegt. \u00deetta ferli tryggir a\u00f0 megni\u00f0 af l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f ESB tekur ekki gildi nema me\u00f0 sam\u00feykki Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingsins og r\u00e1\u00f0herrar\u00e1\u00f0sins.<\/p>\n \u00de\u00f3tt framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnin s\u00e9 ekki beint kj\u00f6rin, byggir h\u00fan engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00e1 l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu umbo\u00f0i: H\u00fan er skipu\u00f0 \u00ed gegnum ferli \u00fear sem a\u00f0ildarr\u00edki tilnefna fulltr\u00faa, h\u00fan \u00fearf sam\u00feykki Evr\u00f3pu\u00feingsins og er h\u00e1\u00f0 p\u00f3lit\u00edsku eftirliti \u00feingsins. Loks er h\u00e6gt l\u00fdsa vantrausti \u00e1 hana \u00ed heild. \u00deetta minnir a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu leyti \u00e1 \u00feingr\u00e6\u00f0isfyrirkomulag, \u00fear sem r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn starfar \u00ed skj\u00f3li l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islega kj\u00f6rins \u00feings.<\/p>\n Me\u00f0 Lissabon-s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum var teki\u00f0 upp borgarafrumkv\u00e6\u00f0i, sem svo m\u00e1 nefna, sem gerir borgurum ESB kleift a\u00f0 \u00f3ska eftir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnin leggi fram lagafrumvarp \u00e1 tilteknu svi\u00f0i. Nokkur d\u00e6mi eru um a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt f\u00e1 d\u00e6mi s\u00e9u um a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi haft bein \u00e1hrif \u00e1 lagasetningu. Engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur er \u00feetta til \u00feess falli\u00f0 a\u00f0 efla l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed starfsemi sambandsins.<\/p>\n ESB byggir einnig \u00e1 S\u00e1ttm\u00e1la ESB um grundvallarr\u00e9ttindi sem hluta af frumr\u00e9tti \u00feess, sem tryggir p\u00f3lit\u00edsk, borgaraleg og f\u00e9lagsleg r\u00e9ttindi. S\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn er bindandi fyrir allar stofnanir ESB og d\u00f3mst\u00f3ll ESB hefur endanlegt \u00farskur\u00f0arvald um t\u00falkun og beitingu hans, en \u00fear eiga s\u00e6ti d\u00f3marar fr\u00e1 \u00f6llum a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjunum. Virk mannr\u00e9ttindavernd og leikreglur r\u00e9ttarr\u00edkisins eru \u00f3a\u00f0skiljanlegur hluti af l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0inu, \u00fear sem \u00fe\u00e6r tryggja a\u00f0 meirihlutavald s\u00e9 takmarka\u00f0 af r\u00e9ttindum einstaklinga.<\/p>\n \u00deegar framangreint er haft er \u00ed huga er varla \u00e1greiningur um a\u00f0 ESB uppfyllir meginskilyr\u00f0i l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegs stj\u00f3rnskipulags. Stj\u00f3rnskipan \u00feess felur \u00ed s\u00e9r vir\u00f0ingu fyrir grunngildum l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is og mannr\u00e9ttinda, um lei\u00f0 og \u00fea\u00f0 tekur mi\u00f0 af markmi\u00f0um sambandsins og e\u00f0li \u00feess sem fj\u00f6l\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legrar stofnunar og vettvangs fyrir samvinnu fullvalda r\u00edkja.<\/p>\n H\u00f6fundur er doktor \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar\u00e9tti, pr\u00f3fessor emeritus vi\u00f0 lagadeild HA og h\u00e6star\u00e9ttarl\u00f6gma\u00f0ur hj\u00e1 Thales l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00fej\u00f3nustu.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Gagnr\u00fdnendur ESB r\u00e6\u00f0a gjarnan um l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0ishalla \u00ed starfsemi sambandsins, einkum vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnin er ekki kosin beint af borgurunum og vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e1kvar\u00f0anataka s\u00e9 fjarl\u00e6g almenningi og kj\u00f3sendum. Sambandi\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00fev\u00ed ekki l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt. \u00c1 m\u00f3ti segja a\u00f0rir a\u00f0 … Continue reading L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt umbo\u00f0 a\u00f0 baki valdheimildum sambandsins\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0isleg uppbygging helstu stofnana ESB<\/strong><\/h3>\n
L\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt l\u00f6ggjafarferli<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Framkv\u00e6mdastj\u00f3rnin og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt a\u00f0hald<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Auki\u00f0 beint l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i og borgarafrumkv\u00e6\u00f0i<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Mannr\u00e9ttindi og r\u00e9ttarr\u00edki\u00f0\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n
Lokaor\u00f0<\/strong><\/h3>\n