{"id":1217,"date":"2026-06-05T21:41:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T21:41:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/?p=1217"},"modified":"2026-06-05T21:41:13","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T21:41:13","slug":"um-erfdarett-ad-sereignarlifeyrissparnadi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/2026\/06\/05\/um-erfdarett-ad-sereignarlifeyrissparnadi\/","title":{"rendered":"Um erf\u00f0ar\u00e9tt a\u00f0 s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0i"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hinn 29. gr. apr\u00edl sl. var kve\u00f0inn upp d\u00f3mur\u00a0 \u00ed H\u00e6star\u00e9tti \u00ed m\u00e1li sem var\u00f0ar r\u00e9tt br\u00e9ferfingja<\/em> til s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ar. D\u00f3murinn varpar lj\u00f3si me\u00f0fer\u00f0 l\u00edfeyrisr\u00e9ttinda og s\u00e9reignarsparna\u00f0ar samkv\u00e6mt \u00a0\u00edslenskum r\u00e9tti. Hann er a\u00f0 nokkru reistur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ur s\u00e9 af f\u00e9lagslegum toga sem r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ti takm\u00f6rkun \u00e1 frelsi einstaklinga sem eiga sl\u00edkan s\u00e9reignasparna\u00f0 til a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa honum me\u00f0 erf\u00f0askr\u00e1 og \u00fear me\u00f0 m\u00f6guleikum br\u00e9ferfingja til a\u00f0 kalla til arfs af sl\u00edkum sparna\u00f0i. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a d\u00f3msins felur \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 br\u00e9ferfingjar nj\u00f3ti ekki sama r\u00e9ttar og skylduerfingjar til arfs af sl\u00edkum r\u00e9ttindum.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1li\u00f0 laut a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00e1fr\u00fdjandi, sem var \u00ed \u00f3v\u00edg\u00f0ri samb\u00fa\u00f0 me\u00f0 hinum l\u00e1tna og jafnframt br\u00e9ferfingi samkv\u00e6mt erf\u00f0askr\u00e1, \u00e6tti r\u00e9tt til hlutdeildar \u00ed s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0i \u00feeim er hann l\u00e9t eftir sig. \u00c1fr\u00fdjandi (\u201esamb\u00fdlisekkjan\u201c) bygg\u00f0i kr\u00f6fu s\u00edna \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt 4. mgr. 11. gr. laga nr. 129\/1997 um skyldutryggingu l\u00edfeyrisr\u00e9ttinda og starfsemi l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00e6tti sl\u00edkur sparna\u00f0ar falla til \u201eerfingja\u201c og skiptast eftir reglum erf\u00f0alaga. \u00dear sem h\u00fan v\u00e6ri vi\u00f0urkenndur erfingi samkv\u00e6mt erf\u00f0askr\u00e1 og samkomulagi erfingja taldi h\u00fan sig eiga r\u00e9tt til \u00feri\u00f0jungs innst\u00e6\u00f0unnar.<\/p>\n

Stefndi, l\u00edfeyrissj\u00f3\u00f0urinn, m\u00f3tm\u00e6lti \u00feessu og bygg\u00f0i me\u00f0al annars \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 \u201eerfingjar\u201c \u00ed fyrrgreindu \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i b\u00e6ri a\u00f0 t\u00falka \u00fer\u00f6ngt, \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 t\u00e6ki eing\u00f6ngu til skylduerfingja, \u00fe.e. maka og barna. \u00de\u00e1 v\u00edsa\u00f0i stefndi einnig til \u00feess a\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt 2. mgr. 8. gr. s\u00f6mu laga v\u00e6ri \u00f3heimilt a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0i me\u00f0 erf\u00f0askr\u00e1, sem \u00fatiloka\u00f0i a\u00f0 br\u00e9ferfingi g\u00e6ti \u00f6\u00f0last beinan r\u00e9tt til hans.<\/p>\n

\u00cd d\u00f3minum var me\u00f0 sk\u00fdringu nefndra \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a komist a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00f3heimilt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0stafa s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0i me\u00f0 erf\u00f0askr\u00e1. \u00deessi ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a v\u00e6ri reist \u00e1 sk\u00fdru or\u00f0alagi 2. mgr. 8. gr. laga nr. 129\/1997, \u00fear sem kve\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00e1 um a\u00f0 r\u00e9tthafi megi hvorki framselja n\u00e9 \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt r\u00e1\u00f0stafa sl\u00edkum r\u00e9ttindum nema \u00ed tilteknum undantekningartilvikum sem ekki taki til erf\u00f0askr\u00e1r. V\u00edsa\u00f0 var til e\u00f0lis og tilgangs l\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ar, sem v\u00e6ri \u00e6tla\u00f0ur til framf\u00e6rslu r\u00e9tthafa og a\u00f0 honum l\u00e1tnum, n\u00e1nustu a\u00f0standenda hans.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi lag\u00f0i H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u 4. mgr. 11. gr. laganna. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00fear s\u00e9 \u00ed upphafi m\u00e6lt fyrir um a\u00f0 innst\u00e6\u00f0a falli til erfingja og skiptist samkv\u00e6mt erf\u00f0al\u00f6gum, s\u00e9 \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ari m\u00e1lsli\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0isins a\u00f0 finna afgerandi undantekningu \u00fear sem fram kemur a\u00f0 l\u00e1ti r\u00e9tthafi eftir sig maka e\u00f0a b\u00f6rn, renni innst\u00e6\u00f0an ekki til d\u00e1narb\u00fas heldur skiptist beint til \u00feeirra. A\u00f0eins vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur a\u00f0, hvorki maki n\u00e9 b\u00f6rn eru til sta\u00f0ar, rennur innst\u00e6\u00f0an til d\u00e1narb\u00fas og ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 hluti af almennum erf\u00f0askiptum.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi t\u00falkun hefur talsver\u00f0ar aflei\u00f0ingar. H\u00fan \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00feegar skylduerfingjar eru fyrir hendi, \u00fe\u00e1 stendur s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ur utan d\u00e1narb\u00fasins og er undanskilinn r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6funum me\u00f0 erf\u00f0askr\u00e1r. Br\u00e9ferfingjar geta \u00fev\u00ed ekki gert tilkall til hans, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir eigi annars erf\u00f0ar\u00e9tt a\u00f0 eignum b\u00fasins. \u00cd \u00feessu felst sk\u00fdr fr\u00e1vik fr\u00e1 meginreglu erf\u00f0ar\u00e9ttar um a\u00f0 d\u00e1narb\u00fa taki vi\u00f0 \u00f6llum eignum hins l\u00e1tna.<\/p>\n

H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur studdi \u00feessa ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u einnig me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til tilgangs laganna. L\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ur s\u00e9 \u00a0ekki hef\u00f0bundinn eign \u00ed skilningi erf\u00f0ar\u00e9ttar, heldur r\u00e9ttindi sem byggjast \u00e1 f\u00e9lagslegum markmi\u00f0um um a\u00f0 tryggja fj\u00e1rhagslegt \u00f6ryggi eftirlifandi maka og barna. \u00deessi markmi\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ta a\u00f0 mati H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar a\u00f0 settar s\u00e9u skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0st\u00f6fun hans og a\u00f0 forgangur s\u00e9 veittur n\u00e1nustu a\u00f0standendum, \u00fe.e. maka og b\u00f6rnum.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00e1 v\u00edsa\u00f0i d\u00f3murinn til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feessi t\u00falkun samr\u00e6mdist einnig verndar\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 2. mgr. 8. gr., \u00fear sem kve\u00f0i\u00f0 er \u00e1 um a\u00f0 ekki megi ganga a\u00f0 sl\u00edkum r\u00e9ttindum \u00ed d\u00e1narb\u00fai. Ef liti\u00f0 yr\u00f0i svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 innst\u00e6\u00f0an f\u00e9lli almennt til b\u00fasins, myndi s\u00fa vernd veikjast og ganga gegn tilgangi laganna.<\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a d\u00f3msins var \u00fev\u00ed s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00e1fr\u00fdjandi (samb\u00fdlismaki), sem br\u00e9ferfingi, \u00e6tti engan r\u00e9tt til s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ar hins l\u00e1tna \u00fear sem hann l\u00e9t eftir sig b\u00f6rn<\/p>\n

D\u00f3murinn hefur ford\u00e6misgildi. Hann sta\u00f0festir me\u00f0 sk\u00fdrum h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 \u201eerfingjar\u201c \u00ed 4. mgr. 11. gr. laga nr. 129\/1997 ver\u00f0ur ekki t\u00falka\u00f0 einangra\u00f0 heldur \u00ed lj\u00f3si heildarsamhengis laganna. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kt or\u00f0alag \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0isins lei\u00f0ir samspil \u00feess vi\u00f0 \u00f6nnur \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 tekur \u00ed raun fyrst og fremst til skylduerfingja \u00feegar \u00feeir eru fyrir hendi. Me\u00f0 \u00feessum d\u00f3mi hefur H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur fest \u00ed sessi \u00feau sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 sem eldri d\u00f3mur m\u00e1li nr. 438\/2009 bygg\u00f0i \u00e1. \u00deannig styrkir d\u00f3murinn og sk\u00fdrir frekar framkv\u00e6md sem \u00e1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 m\u00f3tu\u00f0.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hinn 29. gr. apr\u00edl sl. var kve\u00f0inn upp d\u00f3mur\u00a0 \u00ed H\u00e6star\u00e9tti \u00ed m\u00e1li sem var\u00f0ar r\u00e9tt br\u00e9ferfingja til s\u00e9reignarl\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ar. D\u00f3murinn varpar lj\u00f3si me\u00f0fer\u00f0 l\u00edfeyrisr\u00e9ttinda og s\u00e9reignarsparna\u00f0ar samkv\u00e6mt \u00a0\u00edslenskum r\u00e9tti. Hann er a\u00f0 nokkru reistur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edfeyrissparna\u00f0ur s\u00e9 af … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","hentry","category-oflokkad","post_format-post-format-link"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1218,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1217\/revisions\/1218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}