\u00deegar r\u00e6tt er um ESB og n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindir \u00fearf a\u00f0 greina \u00e1 milli tveggja \u00f3l\u00edkra atri\u00f0a. Annars vegar er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisins yfir n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum s\u00ednum og skipan eignarr\u00e9ttar. Hins vegar eru heimildir ESB til a\u00f0 setja reglur um atvinnustarfsemi og vi\u00f0skipti sem byggjast \u00e1 n\u00fdtingu \u00feessara au\u00f0linda.<\/p>\n
Meginreglan er s\u00fa a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edki ESB fara sj\u00e1lf me\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvald um eignarfyrirkomulag og n\u00fdtingu n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0linda sinna. S\u00fa regla \u00e1 s\u00e9r sto\u00f0 \u00ed almennum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar\u00e9tti, einkum reglunni um varanlegt fullveldi r\u00edkja yfir n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum (e.\u00a0Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources<\/em>). Samkv\u00e6mt henni hefur s\u00e9rhvert r\u00edki r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna, n\u00fdta og r\u00e1\u00f0stafa n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum innan s\u00edns yfirr\u00e1\u00f0asv\u00e6\u00f0is \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar. Helsta heimild reglunnar er \u00e1lyktun allsherjar\u00feings Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna nr. 1803 (XVII) fr\u00e1 \u00e1rinu 1962. Reglan \u00e1 jafnframt r\u00e6tur \u00ed sj\u00e1lfs\u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarr\u00e9tti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a og telst n\u00fa hluti af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar\u00e9ttarvenju.<\/p>\n \u00cd ESB-r\u00e9tti kemur reglan fram \u00ed 345. gr. samningsins um starfsh\u00e6tti Evr\u00f3pusambandsins, \u00fear sem segir a\u00f0 samningarnir hafi ekki \u00e1hrif \u00e1 reglur a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjanna um eignarfyrirkomulag. A\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin \u00e1kve\u00f0a \u00fev\u00ed sj\u00e1lf hvort n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindir eru n\u00fdttar, hva\u00f0a au\u00f0lindir eru teknar til n\u00fdtingar og hvernig eignarhaldi \u00feeirra er h\u00e1tta\u00f0, nema a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed marki sem \u00feau hafa me\u00f0 s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lunum framselt tilteknar valdheimildir til ESB. Au\u00f0lindir geta \u00feannig veri\u00f0 \u00ed opinberri eigu, einkaeigu e\u00f0a s\u00e6tt s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku eignar- e\u00f0a stj\u00f3rnskipulagi samkv\u00e6mt landsl\u00f6gum. \u00deessar \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir ver\u00f0a \u00fe\u00f3 eftir atvikum a\u00f0 samr\u00fdmast \u00f6\u00f0rum reglum ESB-r\u00e9ttar, svo sem reglum um frj\u00e1lst fl\u00e6\u00f0i, samkeppni og bann vi\u00f0 mismunun.<\/p>\n \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00fe\u00f3 ekki a\u00f0 n\u00fdting au\u00f0linda s\u00e9 undan\u00feegin reglum ESB. \u00deegar r\u00edki hefur \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 n\u00fdta tiltekna au\u00f0lind sem hluta af atvinnustarfsemi getur s\u00fa starfsemi falli\u00f0 undir reglur innri marka\u00f0arins. ESB hefur me\u00f0al annars heimildir til a\u00f0 samr\u00e6ma reglur um frj\u00e1lsa v\u00f6ruflutninga, \u00fej\u00f3nustu, stofnsetningu, fj\u00e1rmagnsflutninga, samkeppni og umhverfisvernd.<\/p>\n \u00cdsland tekur n\u00fa \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed innri marka\u00f0i ESB \u00e1 grundvelli EES-samningsins. Fj\u00f6lmargar reglur um starfsemi fyrirt\u00e6kja, v\u00f6ruflutninga, matv\u00e6la\u00f6ryggi, samkeppni, umhverfism\u00e1l og \u00fdmsa \u00fe\u00e6tti au\u00f0lindan\u00fdtingar gilda \u00fev\u00ed \u00feegar h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi. Meginmunurinn vi\u00f0 fulla a\u00f0ild v\u00e6ri ekki a\u00f0 \u00cdsland f\u00e6ri \u00far einu regluumhverfi \u00ed anna\u00f0, heldur a\u00f0 \u00cdsland t\u00e6ki \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed m\u00f3tun reglnanna og \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unum innan stofnana sambandsins.<\/p>\n Af grundvallarreglunni um forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkja yfir au\u00f0lindum s\u00ednum lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 ESB hefur almennt ekki heimild til a\u00f0 skylda a\u00f0ildarr\u00edki til a\u00f0 n\u00fdta tiltekna n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lind, svo sem me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 byggja virkjanir e\u00f0a leggja raforkus\u00e6streng. Sambandi\u00f0 getur heldur ekki \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00edki ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 n\u00fdta tiltekna au\u00f0lind e\u00f0a banna\u00f0 sl\u00edka n\u00fdtingu nema \u00fea\u00f0 lei\u00f0i af skuldbindingum sem a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin hafa sj\u00e1lf sam\u00feykkt.<\/p>\n Reglur innri marka\u00f0arins geta hins vegar haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 hvernig sl\u00edk starfsemi er skipul\u00f6g\u00f0. A\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin geta \u00fe\u00f3 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tt fr\u00e1vik fr\u00e1 almennum reglum me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til almannahagsmuna, svo sem umhverfisverndar e\u00f0a verndar au\u00f0linda, enda s\u00e9u sl\u00edk fr\u00e1vik m\u00e1lefnaleg og \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 me\u00f0alh\u00f3fsregluna.<\/p>\n Sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegur hefur s\u00e9rst\u00f6\u00f0u vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 fiskistofnar vir\u00f0a ekki m\u00f6rk l\u00f6gsagna a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjanna. Sameiginleg sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegsstefna ESB var\u00f0 til vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin t\u00f6ldu nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 samr\u00e6ma stj\u00f3rnun vei\u00f0a \u00far sameiginlegum fiskistofnum. S\u00e9rsta\u00f0a stefnunnar byggist \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 e\u00f0li au\u00f0lindarinnar og n\u00fdtingar hennar en ekki \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ESB hafi teki\u00f0 yfir fullveldi e\u00f0a eignarr\u00e9tt r\u00edkjanna yfir hafsv\u00e6\u00f0um \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n Samkv\u00e6mt s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lunum hefur ESB einkar\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 setja reglur um var\u00f0veislu l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra au\u00f0linda hafsins innan ramma sameiginlegu sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegsstefnunnar. Heildarafli er \u00e1kve\u00f0inn \u00e1 grundvelli v\u00edsindalegrar r\u00e1\u00f0gjafar og honum skipt milli r\u00edkja samkv\u00e6mt reglunni um hlutfallslegan st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika. \u00deegar r\u00edki hefur fengi\u00f0 sinn hlut r\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 hins vegar sj\u00e1lft hvernig honum er r\u00e1\u00f0stafa\u00f0 innanlands. Sameiginlega sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegsstefnan \u00e1kve\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed ekki hvernig aflaheimildum er \u00fathluta\u00f0 innan einstakra r\u00edkja, \u00fe\u00f3tt a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin fari ekki lengur ein me\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvald um heildarafla og a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00feeim fiskistofnum sem falla undir stefnuna.<\/p>\n \u00deessar forsendur eiga \u00fe\u00f3 ekki a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti vi\u00f0 um \u00cdsland. St\u00e6rstur hluti afla \u00ed \u00edslenskri l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu er veiddur \u00far sta\u00f0bundnum fiskistofnum en ekki stofnum sem eru sameiginlegir m\u00f6rgum r\u00edkjum. \u00dea\u00f0 gefur \u00e1kve\u00f0in fyrirheit um a\u00f0 s\u00e9rlausnir kynnu a\u00f0 vera m\u00f6gulegar fyrir \u00cdsland vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarvi\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0ur. Hvort svo yr\u00f0i f\u00e6ri hins vegar eftir p\u00f3lit\u00edskum vilja a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkjanna, en l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega er ekkert \u00fev\u00ed til fyrirst\u00f6\u00f0u.<\/p>\n \u00c1 svi\u00f0i landb\u00fana\u00f0ar fara ESB og a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin me\u00f0 sameiginlegar valdheimildir. Reglur innri marka\u00f0arins gilda a\u00f0 meginstefnu um landb\u00fana\u00f0arv\u00f6rur og sameiginlega landb\u00fana\u00f0arstefnan (CAP) og mi\u00f0ar me\u00f0al annars a\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0u\u00f6ryggi, st\u00f6\u00f0ugleika \u00ed framlei\u00f0slu og sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rri \u00fer\u00f3un. A\u00f0ild a\u00f0 ESB myndi fela \u00ed s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed \u00feessum sameiginlega marka\u00f0i og jafnframt a\u00f0gang \u00edslenskra b\u00e6nda a\u00f0 stu\u00f0ningskerfum CAP. H\u00fan myndi \u00fe\u00f3 ekki fela \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 ESB f\u00e6ri me\u00f0 forr\u00e6\u00f0i yfir landi e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum au\u00f0lindum sem tengjast landi e\u00f0a landareignum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00c1kvar\u00f0anir um landn\u00fdtingu og n\u00fdtingu \u00feeirra au\u00f0linda yr\u00f0u \u00e1fram \u00e1 hendi \u00edslenskra stj\u00f3rnvalda, a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed marki sem \u00fe\u00e6r hafa ekki veri\u00f0 samr\u00e6mdar me\u00f0 ESB-r\u00e9tti.<\/p>\n Sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um fiskeldi. A\u00f0ild a\u00f0 ESB myndi ekki fela \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 g\u00e6ti \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 hvort laxeldi yr\u00f0i stunda\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi e\u00f0a hvar sl\u00edkt eldi f\u00e6ri fram. \u00de\u00e6r \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir yr\u00f0u \u00e1fram \u00e1 hendi \u00edslenskra stj\u00f3rnvalda. \u00deegar starfsemin v\u00e6ri hins vegar heimilu\u00f0 \u00feyrfti h\u00fan a\u00f0 uppfylla reglur ESB um me\u00f0al annars matv\u00e6la\u00f6ryggi, d\u00fdraheilbrig\u00f0i, umhverfisvernd og samkeppni.<\/p>\n Orkum\u00e1l fylgja s\u00f6mu meginreglu. Samkv\u00e6mt 194. gr. samningsins um starfsh\u00e6tti Evr\u00f3pusambandsins hefur ESB heimildir til a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00f3a sameiginlega orkustefnu, me\u00f0al annars til a\u00f0 tryggja virkni innri orkumarka\u00f0arins og \u00f6ryggi orkuafhendingar. Jafnframt er \u00ed 2. mgr. greinarinnar s\u00e9rstaklega teki\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin haldi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvaldi um val orkugjafa, skilyr\u00f0i fyrir n\u00fdtingu orkuau\u00f0linda sinna og almenna tilh\u00f6gun orkuframbo\u00f0s. Orkupakkar ESB fela \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00ed s\u00e9r framsal \u00e1 yfirr\u00e1\u00f0um yfir orkuau\u00f0lindum r\u00edkjanna heldur var\u00f0a starfsemi innri orkumarka\u00f0arins.<\/p>\n \u00c1 svi\u00f0i umhverfism\u00e1la getur ESB sett reglur sem hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 n\u00fdtingu n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0linda me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 markmi\u00f0i a\u00f0 vernda umhverfi\u00f0 og stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rri n\u00fdtingu. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir valdheimildir ESB \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i gera s\u00e1ttm\u00e1larnir r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin haldi \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvaldi \u00ed mikilv\u00e6gustu atri\u00f0um, svo sem um val orkugjafa og skipulag landn\u00fdtingar, a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed marki sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur ekki veri\u00f0 samr\u00e6mt me\u00f0 ESB-r\u00e9tti.<\/p>\n Umr\u00e6\u00f0a um au\u00f0lindir og ESB ver\u00f0ur ekki leyst me\u00f0 einf\u00f6ldu svari um a\u00f0 a\u00f0ild lei\u00f0i anna\u00f0hvort til \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00edki haldi fullu forr\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a glati \u00fev\u00ed. R\u00e9ttara er a\u00f0 greina \u00e1 milli \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00edkin halda forr\u00e6\u00f0i yfir au\u00f0lindunum sj\u00e1lfum og \u00feess a\u00f0 ESB getur sett reglur um atvinnustarfsemi sem byggist \u00e1 n\u00fdtingu \u00feeirra, einkum \u00feegar h\u00fan tengist innri marka\u00f0num.<\/p>\n Meginni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an er s\u00fa a\u00f0 a\u00f0ild a\u00f0 ESB myndi ekki f\u00e6ra Evr\u00f3pusambandinu eignarr\u00e1\u00f0 e\u00f0a almennt \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvald yfir \u00edslenskum n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum. Hins vegar myndi \u00cdsland \u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0num svi\u00f0um deila \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvaldi me\u00f0 ESB e\u00f0a, \u00fear sem s\u00e1ttm\u00e1larnir m\u00e6la fyrir um \u00fea\u00f0, l\u00fata sameiginlegri stefnum\u00f3tun sambandsins og \u00fe\u00e1 ekki s\u00edst starfsemi innri marka\u00f0arins.<\/p>\n \u00dear sem \u00cdsland tekur n\u00fa \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed innri marka\u00f0i ESB samkv\u00e6mt EES-samningnum gilda h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00feegar fj\u00f6lmargar reglur ESB sem var\u00f0a atvinnustarfsemi og n\u00fdtingu au\u00f0linda. \u00deetta \u00e1 me\u00f0al annars vi\u00f0 um reglur um frj\u00e1lsa v\u00f6ruflutninga, samkeppni, r\u00edkisa\u00f0sto\u00f0, opinber innkaup, matv\u00e6la\u00f6ryggi, d\u00fdraheilbrig\u00f0i, umhverfisvernd, orkumarka\u00f0 og starfsemi fyrirt\u00e6kja.<\/p>\n Helsti munurinn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ild v\u00e6ri \u00fev\u00ed ekki breyting \u00e1 eignarhaldi e\u00f0a forr\u00e6\u00f0i yfir au\u00f0lindunum sj\u00e1lfum, heldur a\u00f0 \u00cdsland fengi a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed m\u00f3tun \u00feeirra reglna sem kunna a\u00f0 hafa \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu fyrir n\u00fdtingu \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n H\u00f6fundur er l\u00f6gma\u00f0ur \u00e1 Thales l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00fej\u00f3nustu og fyrrverandi d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3l Evr\u00f3pu.<\/em><\/p>\n Upphafega birt \u00e1 DV\/Eyjunni 5. \u00e1g\u00fast 2026<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00deegar r\u00e6tt er um ESB og n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindir \u00fearf a\u00f0 greina \u00e1 milli tveggja \u00f3l\u00edkra atri\u00f0a. Annars vegar er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a forr\u00e6\u00f0i r\u00edkisins yfir n\u00e1tt\u00faruau\u00f0lindum s\u00ednum og skipan eignarr\u00e9ttar. Hins vegar eru heimildir ESB til a\u00f0 setja reglur um atvinnustarfsemi … Continue reading Sj\u00e1var\u00fatvegur<\/em><\/h3>\n
Landb\u00fana\u00f0ur<\/em><\/h3>\n
Fiskeldi<\/em><\/h3>\n
Orkum\u00e1l<\/em><\/h3>\n
Umhverfism\u00e1l<\/em><\/h3>\n
Lokaor\u00f0<\/em><\/h3>\n