{"id":204,"date":"2018-07-01T11:43:45","date_gmt":"2018-07-01T11:43:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/?p=204"},"modified":"2022-11-07T09:35:21","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T09:35:21","slug":"um-hvad-snyst-landsrettarmalid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/2018\/07\/01\/um-hvad-snyst-landsrettarmalid\/","title":{"rendered":"Um hva\u00f0 sn\u00fdst Landsr\u00e9ttarm\u00e1li\u00f0?"},"content":{"rendered":"

R\u00e9tt a\u00f0 fram komi a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur \u00feessa pistils er skipa\u00f0ur d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt, en er \u00ed leyfi fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed emb\u00e6tti me\u00f0an hann er settur r\u00edkissaks\u00f3knari vegna enduruppt\u00f6ku Gu\u00f0mundar- og Geirfinnsm\u00e1ls. \u00de\u00e1 er h\u00f6fundur fyrrverandi d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3l Evr\u00f3pu.<\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. A\u00f0dragandi m\u00e1lsins<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Fram kom \u00ed fr\u00e9ttum \u00ed vikunni a\u00f0 Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ll Evr\u00f3pu (MDE) hefur teki\u00f0 til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar svonefnt \u201eLandsr\u00e9ttarm\u00e1l\u201c, en \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 rekja til skipunar d\u00f3mara vi\u00f0 r\u00e9ttinn \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ri. H\u00e9r skal \u00feess freista\u00f0 a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00ed stuttu og einf\u00f6ldu m\u00e1li um hva\u00f0 m\u00e1l \u00feetta sn\u00fdst eins og \u00fea\u00f0 horfir vi\u00f0 MDE. \u00dea\u00f0 gefur jafnframt t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sn\u00fdst ekki um, sem ekki er s\u00ed\u00f0ur mikilv\u00e6gt, ef marka m\u00e1 umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum um m\u00e1li\u00f0.<\/p>\n

    Bakgrunnur m\u00e1lsins er \u00feessi. Snemma \u00e1 \u00e1rinu 2017 vou augl\u00fdst til ums\u00f3knar 15 emb\u00e6tti d\u00f3mara vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt og skyldu \u00feeir hefja st\u00f6rf 1. jan\u00faar 2018. Samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum starfar s\u00e9rst\u00f6k d\u00f3mnefnd sem metur h\u00e6fi ums\u00e6kjenda. \u00cd \u00e1liti s\u00ednu setti nefndin fram lista me\u00f0 15 einstaklingum sem h\u00fan taldi h\u00e6fasta. \u00deegar d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra, Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ur Andersen, ger\u00f0i till\u00f6gu til Al\u00feingis um \u00fe\u00e1 15 ums\u00e6kjendur sem skipa skyldi d\u00f3mara v\u00e9k h\u00fan fr\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um nefndarinnar var\u00f0andi fj\u00f3ra ums\u00e6kjendur. Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra var A, sem var, \u00e1samt \u00feremur \u00f6\u00f0rum einstaklingum sem ekki voru \u00e1 lista d\u00f3mnefndar, skipu\u00f0 \u00ed emb\u00e6tti d\u00f3mara. \u00de\u00e1 voru ennfremur skipa\u00f0ir sem d\u00f3marar 11 a\u00f0rir einstaklingar sem voru \u00e1 upphaflegum lista d\u00f3mnefndar.<\/p>\n

    Tveir \u00feeirra einstaklinga er teknir voru af lista d\u00f3mnefndar h\u00f6f\u00f0u\u00f0u m\u00e1l \u00e1 hendur \u00edslenska r\u00edkinu og f\u00e9llu d\u00f3mar \u00ed \u00feessum m\u00e1lum \u00ed H\u00e6star\u00e9tti \u00ed desember 2017. Komst r\u00e9tturinn a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra hef\u00f0i broti\u00f0 gegn 10. gr. stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslulaga \u00feegar h\u00fan \u00e1kva\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera till\u00f6gu til \u00feingsins sem v\u00e9k fr\u00e1 lista \u00feeim yfir ums\u00e6kjendur sem d\u00f3mnefnd haf\u00f0i tali\u00f0 h\u00e6fasta, \u00fear sem h\u00fan hef\u00f0i ekki rannsaka\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 n\u00e6gilega vel \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feessar breytingar voru ger\u00f0ar. Tali\u00f0 var a\u00f0 hi\u00f0 sama \u00e6tti vi\u00f0 um me\u00f0fer\u00f0 Al\u00feingis \u00e1 till\u00f6gu r\u00e1\u00f0herra, \u00fear sem ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 b\u00e6tt \u00far \u00feeim annm\u00f6rkum sem m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra var talin haldin. \u00de\u00e1 var r\u00edki\u00f0 d\u00e6mt til a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a \u00feeim miskab\u00e6tur. H\u00e9r m\u00e1 skj\u00f3ta \u00fev\u00ed inn til sk\u00fdringar a\u00f0 lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra var ekki \u00f3heimilt a\u00f0 breyta \u00fat fr\u00e1 lista d\u00f3mnefndarinnar, heldur var eing\u00f6ngu tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00fan hef\u00f0i ekki rannsaka\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 n\u00e6gilega vel \u00e1\u00f0ur en h\u00fan ger\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\n

    2. D\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar<\/p>\n

    V\u00edkur \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00f6gunni a\u00f0 G, en hann haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 sakfelldur \u00ed h\u00e9ra\u00f0sd\u00f3mi og fyrir Landsr\u00e9tti fyrir umfer\u00f0arlagabrot me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa eki\u00f0 bifrei\u00f0 sviptur \u00f6kur\u00e9tti og undir \u00e1hrifum \u00e1vana- og f\u00edkniefna. Me\u00f0al d\u00f3mara \u00ed m\u00e1li G fyrir Landsr\u00e9tti var A. G skaut m\u00e1linu til H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar og kraf\u00f0ist a\u00f0allega \u00f3merkingar hins \u00e1fr\u00fdja\u00f0a d\u00f3ms en til vara a\u00f0 hann yr\u00f0i s\u00fdkna\u00f0ur. Bar hann fyrir sig a\u00f0 skipun A sem d\u00f3mara, hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g, svo sem \u00e1skili\u00f0 er \u00ed 59. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar og 2. m\u00e1lsli\u00f0 1. mgr. 6. gr. mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu.\u00a0 Taldi G a\u00f0 hann hef\u00f0i vegna \u00feessa annmarka \u00e1 skipun A ekki noti\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e1trar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar fyrir \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0um og \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gum d\u00f3mst\u00f3li, eins og hann \u00e6tti r\u00e9tt til samkv\u00e6mt 1. mgr. 70. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar, sbr. 1. m\u00e1lsli\u00f0 1. mgr. 6. gr. MSE. \u00cd ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar var m.a. raki\u00f0 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 skipun d\u00f3mara vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fylgt formreglum laga um d\u00f3mst\u00f3la, a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti en \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 Al\u00feingis \u00e1 till\u00f6gum d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra hef\u00f0u ekki veri\u00f0 greidd atkv\u00e6\u00f0i um skipun hvers d\u00f3mara fyrir sig, sem og l\u00f6g m\u00e6ltu. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00f3 ekki annmarki sem hef\u00f0i v\u00e6gi. \u00de\u00e1 kom til sko\u00f0unar \u00ed d\u00f3mi H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar hva\u00f0a aflei\u00f0ingar brot \u00e1 ranns\u00f3knarskyldu r\u00e1\u00f0herra samkv\u00e6mt stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslul\u00f6gum \u00e6tti a\u00f0 hafa. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed sambandi var l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00f3t\u00edmabundin skipun allra d\u00f3maranna fimmt\u00e1n vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt hef\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 veruleika vi\u00f0 undirritun skipunarbr\u00e9fa \u00feeirra 8. j\u00fan\u00ed 2017. \u00deau hef\u00f0u \u00f6ll fulln\u00e6gt skilyr\u00f0um laga um a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ta skipun \u00ed emb\u00e6tti, m.a. \u00ed lj\u00f3si starfsferils og l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegrar \u00feekkingar, og hef\u00f0u fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma noti\u00f0 \u00feeirrar st\u00f6\u00f0u samkv\u00e6mt 61. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar a\u00f0 \u00feeim yr\u00f0i ekki viki\u00f0 \u00far emb\u00e6tti nema me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi. Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed skipun \u00feeirra t\u00f3k gildi 1. jan\u00faar 2018 hef\u00f0u \u00feau samkv\u00e6mt stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni og l\u00f6gum um d\u00f3mst\u00f3la jafnframt bori\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0skyldu a\u00f0 fara \u00ed emb\u00e6ttisverkum s\u00ednum einungis eftir l\u00f6gum. \u00deeim hef\u00f0i einnig veri\u00f0 \u00e1skili\u00f0 me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed d\u00f3mst\u00f6rfum en jafnframt lagt \u00feeim \u00e1 her\u00f0ar a\u00f0 leysa \u00feau \u00e1 eigin \u00e1byrg\u00f0 og l\u00fata \u00ed \u00feeim efnum aldrei bo\u00f0valdi annarra. \u00c1 \u00feessum grunni taldi H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur a\u00f0 ekki v\u00e6ri n\u00e6g \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 draga \u00e1 r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tan h\u00e1tt \u00ed efa a\u00f0 G hef\u00f0i, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir annmarka \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra, noti\u00f0 \u00ed Landsr\u00e9tti r\u00e9ttl\u00e1trar me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar m\u00e1ls s\u00edns fyrir \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0um og \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gum d\u00f3mendum.<\/p>\n

    \u00cd mj\u00f6g stuttu og einf\u00f6ldu\u00f0u m\u00e1li telur H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt r\u00e1\u00f0herra hafi \u00ed a\u00f0draganda skipunar A broti\u00f0 gegn 10. gr. stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslulaga v\u00e6ri A engu a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ur l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt skipu\u00f0 d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 r\u00e9ttinn og hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 talin til \u00feess talin h\u00e6f vegna reynslu sinnar og laga\u00feekkingar og b\u00e6ri \u00ed krafti \u00feess skyldur og nyti r\u00e9ttarst\u00f6\u00f0u sem sl\u00edk eins og a\u00f0rir d\u00f3marar.<\/p>\n

    3. K\u00e6ra til MDE<\/p>\n

    G var ekki s\u00e1ttur vi\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar og k\u00e6r\u00f0i m\u00e1li\u00f0 til MDE og taldi me\u00f0fer\u00f0ina \u00e1 m\u00e1li s\u00ednu fara gegn 6. gr. MSE. Segir \u00ed \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0inu a\u00f0 \u00feegar kve\u00f0a skuli \u00e1 um r\u00e9ttindi og skyldur manns a\u00f0 einkam\u00e1lar\u00e9tti e\u00f0a um s\u00f6k, sem hann er borinn um refsivert brot, skuli hann eiga r\u00e9tt til r\u00e9ttl\u00e1trar og opinberrar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar innan h\u00e6filegs t\u00edma fyrir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0um og \u00f3vilh\u00f6llum d\u00f3mst\u00f3li. Segir ennfremur a\u00f0 skipan d\u00f3mst\u00f3lsins skuli \u00e1kve\u00f0in me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum<\/em>. \u00cd 2. og 3. mgr. \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0isins er s\u00ed\u00f0an m\u00e6lt n\u00e1nar fyrir um \u00e1kve\u00f0in skilyr\u00f0i sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 uppfylla til a\u00f0 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1li einstaklings geti talist r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t, og eru \u00fe\u00e1 sakam\u00e1l einkum h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00ed huga. Me\u00f0al \u00feess sem \u00fear er nefnt a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur skuli talinn saklaus uns sekt hans er s\u00f6nnu\u00f0, a\u00f0 hann skuli hafa r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta a\u00f0sto\u00f0ar verjanda, a\u00f0sto\u00f0ar d\u00f3mt\u00falks ef vi\u00f0 \u00e1, r\u00e9tt til a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a vitni og almennt n\u00e6ga a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u og t\u00edma til a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa v\u00f6rn s\u00edna. Ekki er deilt um nein sl\u00edk atri\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00e1linu.<\/p>\n

    Kjarninn \u00ed k\u00e6ru G til MDE er s\u00e1 sami og fyrir H\u00e6star\u00e9tti, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 a\u00f0 skipun A, sem sat \u00ed d\u00f3mi \u00ed m\u00e1linu fyrir Landsr\u00e9tti, hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 l\u00f6g, eins og \u00e1skili\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00ed 1. mgr. 6. gr. MSE. Vegna \u00feessara annmarka \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0inni \u00ed a\u00f0draganda skipunar A hef\u00f0i G ekki noti\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e1trar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar fyrir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0um, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0um og \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gum d\u00f3mst\u00f3li sem skipa\u00f0ur v\u00e6ri samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum, eins og hann \u00e6tti r\u00e9tt til samkv\u00e6mt 6. gr. MSE.<\/p>\n

    \u00deegar k\u00e6ra berst d\u00f3mst\u00f3lnum getur \u00ed a\u00f0alatri\u00f0um tvennt gerst \u00ed upphafi. \u00cd fyrsta lagi, a\u00f0 k\u00e6ru s\u00e9 v\u00edsa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 send \u00fev\u00ed r\u00edki sem h\u00fan beinist a\u00f0 til umsagnar. Gr\u00ed\u00f0arlegum fj\u00f6lda m\u00e1la sem d\u00f3mst\u00f3lnum berast l\u00fdkur me\u00f0 \u00feeim h\u00e6tti. A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er m\u00e1l \u00feetta var\u00f0ar hefur d\u00f3mst\u00f3llin n\u00fa sent m\u00e1li\u00f0 til umsagnar \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins.\u00a0 \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur en frekari \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir um framhald m\u00e1lsins eru teknar f\u00e6r \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 taka afst\u00f6\u00f0u til k\u00e6runnar. M\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed segja a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 hafi komist \u00ed gegnum fyrstu s\u00edu. \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00feetta ekki a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn telji m\u00e1li\u00f0 t\u00e6kt til efnisme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar, \u00fev\u00ed hann getur enn\u00fe\u00e1 v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fr\u00e1 eftir a\u00f0 greinarger\u00f0ir hafa borist og \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed r\u00f6kstuddri \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un. Hann getur l\u00edka, ef honum s\u00fdnast skilyr\u00f0i til, \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 taka m\u00e1li\u00f0 til efnisme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar og kve\u00f0a upp d\u00f3m. \u00cd \u00feeirri st\u00f6\u00f0u er tveir m\u00f6guleikar. Annar er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn telji a\u00f0 broti\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 gegn 6. gr. MSE og hinn a\u00f0 ekkert sl\u00edkt brot hafi \u00e1tt s\u00e9r sta\u00f0.<\/p>\n

    \u00cd erindi s\u00ednu til \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins setur MDE fram tv\u00e6r spurningar. Hin fyrri er s\u00fa hvort G hafi fengi\u00f0 \u00farlausn s\u00edns m\u00e1ls fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3l hvers skipan var \u201e\u00e1kve\u00f0in me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum\u201c. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed samhengi er s\u00e9rstaklega \u00f3ska\u00f0 eftir afs\u00f6\u00f0u r\u00edkisins til \u00feess hva\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu \u00fea\u00f0 hafi a\u00f0 H\u00e6star\u00e9ttur haf\u00f0i \u00ed d\u00f3mum s\u00ednum fr\u00e1 desemeber 2017 komist a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u annars vegar a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi hafi ekki fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum \u00feegar atkv\u00e6\u00f0i voru greidd \u00ed \u00feinginu um hverjir skyldu skipa\u00f0ir d\u00f3marar og hins vegar a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra hafi ekki sinnt ranns\u00f3knarskyldu sinni sem skyldi \u00feegar h\u00fan ger\u00f0i breytingar \u00e1 listanum. Seinni spurningin l\u00fdtur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hvort G hafi fengi\u00f0 \u00farlausn m\u00e1ls s\u00edns fyrir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0um og \u00f3vilh\u00f6llum d\u00f3mst\u00f3l.<\/p>\n

    \u00cd spurningum MDE er v\u00edsa\u00f0 til tveggja d\u00f3ma d\u00f3mst\u00f3lsins, annars vegar Jorgic<\/em> gegn \u00de\u00fdskalandi <\/em>og hins vegar Ilatovskiy <\/em>gegn R\u00fasslandi.<\/em> \u00deessir d\u00f3mar, og \u00fdmsir fleiri, bera gl\u00f6ggt me\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00ed 6. gr. er tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 skipan d\u00f3mst\u00f3ls skuli \u00e1kve\u00f0in me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum, er ekki einasta \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3ll s\u00e9 settur \u00e1 f\u00f3t me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum og starfi samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum, heldur einnig a\u00f0 einstakir d\u00f3marar sitji \u00fear l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt.\u00a0 M\u00e1li\u00f0 gegn R\u00fasslandi sn\u00e9rist \u00feannig \u00ed stuttu m\u00e1li um hvort \u00f3l\u00f6gl\u00e6r\u00f0ir me\u00f0d\u00f3mendur sem s\u00e1tu \u00ed m\u00e1li s\u00e6tu \u00fear l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt. Komst MDE a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 reglur um val og skipan me\u00f0d\u00f3menda hef\u00f0u auglj\u00f3slega veri\u00f0 brotnar \u00fear sem s\u00e1 er skipa\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 var ekki til \u00feess b\u00e6r a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum og hafi seta \u00feeirra \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00fev\u00ed ekki veri\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum. \u00cd m\u00e1linu gegn \u00de\u00fdsklandi var deilt um hvort tiltekinn d\u00f3mst\u00f3ll \u00ed \u00de\u00fdsklandi hef\u00f0i l\u00f6gs\u00f6gu \u00ed m\u00e1li manns sem s\u00e6tti \u00e1k\u00e6ru fyrir \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0armor\u00f0um \u00ed str\u00ed\u00f0inu \u00ed Bosn\u00edu- Herzeg\u00f3v\u00ednu. MDE taldi \u00e1litaefni\u00f0 vera \u00fea\u00f0 hvort m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0in hef\u00f0i fari\u00f0 fram fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3l sem \u00e1kve\u00f0in haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 l\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n

    \u00cd d\u00f3minum \u00ed m\u00e1linu gegn \u00de\u00fdskalandi kemur m.a. sk\u00fdrt fram a\u00f0 eins og vi\u00f0komandi \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00e9 h\u00e1tta\u00f0 s\u00e9 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn geti d\u00e6mt um hvort fari\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00f6gum r\u00edkis. \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn s\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur fyrst og s\u00ed\u00f0ast hlutverk d\u00f3mst\u00f3la r\u00edkis a\u00f0 t\u00falka landsl\u00f6g og vi\u00f0 \u00feeirri t\u00falkun hr\u00f3fli MDE ekki nema auglj\u00f3st (flagrant) s\u00e9 a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 andst\u00e6\u00f0 landsl\u00f6gum. \u00deetta m\u00e1 einnig or\u00f0a svo a\u00f0 MDE l\u00edti \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 sem hlutverk sitt a\u00f0 meta hvort t\u00falkun d\u00f3mst\u00f3la \u00e1 landsl\u00f6gum s\u00e9 m\u00e1lefnaleg og sty\u00f0jist vi\u00f0 skynsamleg r\u00f6k og uni vi\u00f0 hana ef svo er.<\/p>\n

    4. Ni\u00f0urlag<\/p>\n

    Um hva\u00f0 sn\u00fdst m\u00e1li\u00f0 fyrir Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3lnum?<\/p>\n

    \u00cd m\u00e1linu eins og \u00fea\u00f0 liggur fyrir MDE er ekki um \u00fea\u00f0 deilt hvort r\u00e1\u00f0herra braut l\u00f6g \u00ed a\u00f0draganda skipunar A. Hefur H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur, hvort sem m\u00f6nnum l\u00edkar betur e\u00f0a verr, slegi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f6stu og getur \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un MDE, hver sem h\u00fan ver\u00f0ur, ekki hnekkt \u00fev\u00ed. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti er deilt um hva\u00f0a aflei\u00f0ingar \u00feessi brot r\u00e1\u00f0herrans og eftir atvikum \u00feingsins eiga a\u00f0 hafa \u00feegar meti\u00f0 er hvort G naut \u00ed sakam\u00e1li, sem reki\u00f0 var gegn honum, r\u00e9ttl\u00e1trar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar fyrir Landr\u00e9tti samkv\u00e6mt 1. mgr. 6. gr. MSE. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed efni hefur H\u00e6stir\u00e9ttur einnig slegi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f6stu a\u00f0 \u00feessi brot r\u00e1\u00f0herrans hafi ekki \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r a\u00f0 liti\u00f0 ver\u00f0i svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 G hafi ekki fyrir \u00fe\u00e6r sakir noti\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e1trar m\u00e1lme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar fyrir d\u00f3mi, enda s\u00e9 A skipu\u00f0 d\u00f3mari og til \u00feess hafi h\u00fan veri\u00f0 h\u00e6f vegna mennturnar sinnar, starfsreynslu og l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00feekkingar, og ekki ver\u00f0i vi\u00f0 henni hreyft nema me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi, h\u00fan nj\u00f3ti sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0is \u00ed st\u00f6rfum s\u00ednum samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum og stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 og l\u00fati ekki bo\u00f0valdi annarra. \u00deessi ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a er bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00falkun H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar \u00e1 \u00edslenskum l\u00f6gum og hva\u00f0a aflei\u00f0ingar brot r\u00e1\u00f0herrans og eftir atvikum \u00feingsins eigi a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0u A sem d\u00f3mara. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar er s\u00fa a\u00f0 brot r\u00e1\u00f0herrans hafi engin \u00e1hrif \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0u A sem d\u00f3mara og \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 mat d\u00f3msins a\u00f0 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0in \u00ed m\u00e1li G hafi veri\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t. Ef teki\u00f0 er mi\u00f0 af m\u00e1linu gegn \u00de\u00fdsklandi sem raki\u00f0 er a\u00f0 framan mun MDE \u00feurfa a\u00f0 svara \u00feeirri spurningu hvort \u00feessi t\u00falkun H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar s\u00e9 svo auglj\u00f3slega andst\u00e6\u00f0 \u00edslenskum l\u00f6gum a\u00f0 ekki ver\u00f0i vi\u00f0 hana una\u00f0 vegna r\u00e9ttinda G til r\u00e9ttl\u00e1tarar m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar samkv\u00e6mt 1. mgr. 6. gr. MSE. fyrir \u00f3vilh\u00f6llum og sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0um d\u00f3mst\u00f3l sem skipa\u00f0ur s\u00e9 l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt. K\u00e6randi hl\u00fdtur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed efni a\u00f0 byggja \u00e1 a\u00f0 t\u00falkun H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar s\u00e9 auglj\u00f3slega r\u00f6ng og auglj\u00f3slega andst\u00e6\u00f0 \u00edslenskum l\u00f6gum. V\u00f6rn r\u00edkisins hl\u00fdtur \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn vafalaust a\u00f0 vera reist \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed fyrst og fremst a\u00f0 t\u00falkun \u00edslenskra laga um aflei\u00f0ingar annmarka \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed a\u00f0draganda skipunar A s\u00e9 \u00e1 valdi \u00edslenskra d\u00f3mst\u00f3la en ekki MDE. T\u00falkun H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar s\u00e9 ekki reist \u00e1 ge\u00f0\u00fe\u00f3tta, h\u00fan s\u00e9 m\u00e1lefnaleg og skynsamleg og \u00e1 engan h\u00e1tt auglj\u00f3slega r\u00f6ng og \u00feannig s\u00e9 engin kn\u00fdjandi r\u00f6k vegna r\u00e9ttinda G til \u00feess a\u00f0 MDE haggi vi\u00f0 henni.<\/p>\n

    Sem fyrr segir getur MDE enn\u00fe\u00e1 v\u00edsa\u00f0 m\u00e1linu fr\u00e1 \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki t\u00e6kt til efnisme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar. Vera m\u00e1 a\u00f0 menn vilji kve\u00f0a upp efnisd\u00f3m og \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00fdkna\u00f0 \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 e\u00f0a d\u00e6mt \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1felli. Ekki vil \u00e9g gerast sp\u00e1ma\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed efni.<\/p>\n

    Hver sem ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an ver\u00f0ur, er alveg lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 d\u00f3mur MDE, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 ver\u00f0i s\u00fdkna\u00f0,\u00a0 getur ekki breytt \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0herra hafi broti\u00f0 stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslul\u00f6g \u00feegar hann breytti listanum sem lag\u00f0ur var fyrir Al\u00feingi \u00e1n \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00e1liti H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar, a\u00f0 rannsaka m\u00e1li\u00f0 n\u00e6gjanlega vel. Um \u00feetta d\u00e6mir MDE ekki. \u00de\u00e1 breytir \u00e1fellisd\u00f3mur, ef svo fer, engu um a\u00f0 d\u00f3murinn yfir G stendur \u00f3hagga\u00f0ur, enda er MDE ekki \u00e1fr\u00fdjunard\u00f3mst\u00f3ll sem getur fellt d\u00f3ma d\u00f3mst\u00f3la r\u00edkja \u00far gildi. S\u00e1 d\u00f3mur stendur nema m\u00e1l G ver\u00f0i enduruppteki\u00f0 eftir \u00feeim reglum sem gilda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi um enduruppt\u00f6ku m\u00e1la. \u00de\u00e1 hefur \u00e1felli \u00e1 hendur \u00edslenska r\u00edkinu ekki \u00feau \u00e1hrif a\u00f0 \u00far gildi falli allir d\u00f3mar sem \u00feeir d\u00f3marar, sem r\u00e1\u00f0herra setti \u00e1 listann \u00ed tr\u00e1ssi vi\u00f0 \u00e1lit d\u00f3mnefndar, hafa \u00e1tt \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed a\u00f0 kve\u00f0a upp. Munu allir \u00feessi d\u00f3mar standa \u00f3hagga\u00f0ir eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur, nema m\u00e1lin ver\u00f0i endurupptekin.<\/p>\n

    \u00de\u00e1 getur \u00e1fellisd\u00f3mur engu breytt um a\u00f0 A, \u00e1samt \u00feeim \u00feremur \u00f6\u00f0rum d\u00f3murum sem r\u00e1\u00f0herra setti \u00e1 listann, eru \u00e1fram skipu\u00f0 d\u00f3marar vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt og vi\u00f0 \u00feeim ver\u00f0ur ekki hagga\u00f0 nema me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi \u00ed m\u00e1li sem \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0ar gegn \u00feeim, sbr. 61. gr. stjskr. Vands\u00e9\u00f0 er aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00e1 hva\u00f0a grundvelli \u00fea\u00f0 yr\u00f0i gert, \u00fev\u00ed \u00feeir einstaklingar sem \u00feessum emb\u00e6ttum gegna hafa ekki anna\u00f0 af s\u00e9r gert en a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja um emb\u00e6tti sem forseti \u00cdslands skipa\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 lokum til a\u00f0 gegna. \u00de\u00e1 gefur framganga \u00feeirra \u00ed starfi hinga\u00f0 til ekkert tilefni til m\u00e1lsh\u00f6f\u00f0unar gegn \u00feeim.<\/p>\n

    \u00deetta ber ekki a\u00f0 skilja svo a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a MDE um \u00e1felli skipti engu m\u00e1li, nema ef til vill fyrir k\u00e6randa sj\u00e1lfan.\u00a0 \u00c1fellisd\u00f3mur g\u00e6ti \u00feannig or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess, a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem telja sig hafa m\u00e1tt \u00feola \u00f3r\u00e9tt vegna setu \u00feessara d\u00f3mara \u00ed m\u00e1lum \u00feeirra fyrir Landsr\u00e9tti myndu krefjast enduruppt\u00f6ku, ef \u00feeir telja \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu sinna hagsmuna a\u00f0 endurtaka m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ina. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed me\u00f0 \u00feeirri fyrirh\u00f6fn sem \u00fev\u00ed fylgir ef \u00feeir telja ekki l\u00edkur \u00e1 a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a \u00ed m\u00e1li \u00feeirra breytist \u00feeim \u00ed hag.<\/p>\n

    \u00c1felli myndi einnig kalla \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edsk vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt vans\u00e9\u00f0 s\u00e9, \u00feegar betur er a\u00f0 g\u00e1\u00f0, hver \u00feau \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vera. \u00deannig er ekki auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafinn eigi a\u00f0 beita s\u00e9r fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1l sem nefndir fj\u00f3rir d\u00f3marar hafa d\u00e6mt \u00ed ver\u00f0i endurupptekin enda getur s\u00fa sta\u00f0a vel komi\u00f0 upp a\u00f0 a\u00f0ilar \u00feessara m\u00e1la k\u00e6ri sig ekkert um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fear sem \u00feeir geri s\u00e9r enga von um a\u00f0ra ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u hvort sem er. Heimild sem l\u00f6ggjafinn kynni a\u00f0 vilja setja \u00ed l\u00f6g um enduruppt\u00f6ku m\u00e1la \u00e1 \u00feessari forsendu yr\u00f0i \u00ed \u00f6llu falli a\u00f0 vera \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed reist a\u00f0 a\u00f0ilar g\u00e6tu n\u00fdtt s\u00e9r hana ef \u00feeir k\u00e6r\u00f0u sig um. Vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafans \u00e6ttu \u00feannig ef til vill a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fyrst og fremst a\u00f0 for\u00f0a samb\u00e6rilegum brotum \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni sem kynnu a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a af setu umr\u00e6ddra d\u00f3mara \u00ed m\u00e1lum. \u00deetta g\u00e6ti \u00fe\u00f3 or\u00f0i\u00f0 sn\u00fai\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki s\u00e9 fyrir anna\u00f0 en a\u00f0 r\u00edki\u00f0 getur ekki hr\u00f3fla\u00f0 vi\u00f0 umr\u00e6ddum d\u00f3murum sem hafa \u00ed hendi skipunarbr\u00e9f fr\u00e1 forseta l\u00fd\u00f0veldisins. Af 61. gr. stjskr. lei\u00f0ir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeim ver\u00f0ur ekki viki\u00f0 \u00far emb\u00e6tti nema me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi, sem fyrr segir, og \u00feeir ver\u00f0a heldur ekki fluttir \u00ed anna\u00f0 emb\u00e6tti \u00e1 m\u00f3ti vilja \u00feeirra, nema \u00feegar svo stendur \u00e1, a\u00f0 veri\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 koma n\u00fdrri skipun \u00e1 d\u00f3mst\u00f3la. \u00deessar reglur eru einmitt settar \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 til a\u00f0 tryggja a\u00f0 skipa\u00f0ir d\u00f3marar s\u00e9u sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ir og \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00ed \u00f6llum st\u00f6rfum s\u00ednum.<\/p>\n

    \u00cd lokin skal nefnt a\u00f0 lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 MDE hefur hug \u00e1 a\u00f0 reka \u00feetta m\u00e1l hratt og \u00f6rugglega, enda stutt s\u00ed\u00f0an k\u00e6ran var send. D\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn hefur h\u00e9r vissulega hra\u00f0ar hendur. Af \u00fev\u00ed einu ver\u00f0a \u00fe\u00f3 ekki dregnar neinar sk\u00fdrar \u00e1lyktanir um hver ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an er l\u00edkleg til a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a. Fremur ber a\u00f0 t\u00falka \u00feetta svo a\u00f0 MDE telur br\u00fdnt a\u00f0 ey\u00f0a allri \u00f3vissu um hvort umr\u00e6ddir d\u00f3marar geti seti\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1lum i Landsr\u00e9tti \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 teljist brot \u00e1 6. gr. MSE. \u00deetta er skynsamleg afsta\u00f0a og \u00fev\u00ed ber a\u00f0 fagna a\u00f0 lyktir \u00feessa m\u00e1ls s\u00e9u n\u00fa sj\u00f3nm\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    R\u00e9tt a\u00f0 fram komi a\u00f0 h\u00f6fundur \u00feessa pistils er skipa\u00f0ur d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt, en er \u00ed leyfi fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed emb\u00e6tti me\u00f0an hann er settur r\u00edkissaks\u00f3knari vegna enduruppt\u00f6ku Gu\u00f0mundar- og Geirfinnsm\u00e1ls. \u00de\u00e1 er h\u00f6fundur fyrrverandi d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3l Evr\u00f3pu. A\u00f0dragandi m\u00e1lsins … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-oflokkad"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=204"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":419,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/204\/revisions\/419"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}