D\u00f3mur Yfirdeildar MDE \u00ed Landsr\u00e9ttarm\u00e1linu liggur n\u00fa fyrir. \u00deetta er mikil lesning, alls 153 bla\u00f0s\u00ed\u00f0ur, en \u00fear af eru s\u00e9ratkv\u00e6\u00f0in (sperate opinions) 36 s\u00ed\u00f0ur sem sex d\u00f3marar koma a\u00f0 me\u00f0 einum e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti. Allt er \u00feetta fr\u00f3\u00f0legt \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum og t\u00e6knilegum skilningi. Enginn \u00feessara d\u00f3mara sem standa a\u00f0 s\u00e9ratkv\u00e6\u00f0um er \u00fe\u00f3 \u00f3samm\u00e1la megin ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0unni um a\u00f0al k\u00e6ruefni\u00f0, sem er a\u00f0 k\u00e6randi hafi ekki fengi\u00f0 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3l sem starfar samkv\u00e6mt l\u00f6gum \u00ed skilningi 1. mgr. 6. gr. MSE. \u00deetta er sama ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an og \u00ed d\u00f3mi deildar sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 12. mars 2019. \u00a0Um hana m\u00e1 deila, en \u00feetta er lokani\u00f0ursta\u00f0a MDE og vi\u00f0 hana ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 una hva\u00f0 sem m\u00f6nnum annars finnst.<\/p>\n
\u00deegar d\u00f3mur \u00ed deild f\u00e9ll 12. mars \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ri haf\u00f0i hann nokkur \u00e1hrif \u00e1 starfsemi Landsr\u00e9ttar. \u00deau helstu voru a\u00f0 endurflutt voru ellefu m\u00e1l sem \u00ed s\u00e1tu einhver af \u00feeim fj\u00f3rum d\u00f3murum sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 sn\u00fdst um. \u00deessi m\u00e1l h\u00f6f\u00f0u veri\u00f0 d\u00f3mtekin \u00feegar d\u00f3mur MDE f\u00e9ll en ekki d\u00e6md. \u00deau voru endurflutt fyrir \u00f6\u00f0rum d\u00f3murum r\u00e9ttarins og s\u00ed\u00f0an d\u00e6md. \u00deetta t\u00f3k tilt\u00f6lulega stuttan t\u00edma og olli ekki teljandi r\u00f6skun \u00e1 starfseminni. Samhli\u00f0a var tekin s\u00fa \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 \u00feeir d\u00f3marar sem \u00ed hlut eiga skyldu ekki sinna d\u00f3mst\u00f6rfum um sinn \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir v\u00e6ru annars skipa\u00f0ir d\u00f3marar vi\u00f0 r\u00e9ttinn. Me\u00f0 \u00feessu f\u00e6kka\u00f0i um fj\u00f3ra \u00ed h\u00f3pi d\u00f3mara sem sinntu d\u00f3mst\u00f6rfum. E\u00f0lilega haf\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feau \u00e1hrif a\u00f0 \u00e1lagi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 sem eftir voru j\u00f3kst. \u00deegar \u00e1 lei\u00f0 f\u00e9kk Landsr\u00e9ttur einnig li\u00f0sauka me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 settir voru d\u00f3marar til gera r\u00e9ttinum au\u00f0veldara a\u00f0 sinna verkefnum s\u00ednum, auk \u00feess sem d\u00f3marar hafa veri\u00f0 skipa\u00f0ir ad hoc<\/em> til a\u00f0 sitja \u00ed einst\u00f6kum m\u00e1lum. Me\u00f0 \u00feessu t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 halda nokku\u00f0 vel \u00ed horfinu me\u00f0an be\u00f0i\u00f0 var ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u Yfirdeildar. H\u00fan liggur n\u00fa fyrir sem fyrr segir.<\/p>\n \u00de\u00e1 er \u00feess a\u00f0 geta a\u00f0 \u00e1 me\u00f0an m\u00e1li\u00f0 var til me\u00f0fer\u00f0ar hj\u00e1 Yfirdeild voru \u00fer\u00edr \u00feessara fj\u00f6gurra d\u00f3mara sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 sn\u00fdst um skipa\u00f0ir aftur, en d\u00f3mur Yfirdeildar fjallar ekki um \u00fe\u00e6r skipanir e\u00f0a l\u00f6gm\u00e6ti \u00feeirra. Hafa \u00feeir eftir a\u00f0 skipun \u00feeirra t\u00f3k gildi sinnt d\u00f3mst\u00f6rfum eins og a\u00f0rir d\u00f3marar. \u00de\u00e1 hafa veri\u00f0 skipa\u00f0ir sem d\u00f3marar vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt tveir \u00feeirra sem \u00ed h\u00e6fnismati voru taldir til hinna 15 h\u00e6fustu til a\u00f0 gegna emb\u00e6tti d\u00f3mara vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt, en voru ekki skipa\u00f0ir \u00ed fyrstu umfer\u00f0.<\/p>\n \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feetta leiddi af d\u00f3mi deildar tvenns konar \u00f3vissa sem sveif yfir v\u00f6tnum \u00e1 g\u00f6ngum Landsr\u00e9ttar \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki hafi \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 daglega starfsemi svo nokkru nemi. Anna\u00f0 var a\u00f0 vegna or\u00f0f\u00e6ris \u00ed d\u00f3mi deildar fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed mars \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ri \u00fe\u00f3tti leika viss vafi \u00e1 hvort ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an t\u00e6ki \u00ed raun til allra d\u00f3mara Landsr\u00e9ttar, og eru \u00fe\u00e1 haf\u00f0ir \u00ed huga meintir gallar \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu \u00ed \u00feinginu, sem gat eftir or\u00f0alaginu talist hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feeirra, en ekki a\u00f0eins \u00feeirra fj\u00f6gurra sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 hverfist \u00ed grunninn um. Hinn \u00f3vissu\u00fe\u00e1tturinn var hvort ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an kynni a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a til a\u00f0 endurupptaka \u00feyrfti \u00feau m\u00e1l sem einhver af hinum fj\u00f3rum d\u00f3murum, sem mestur styr hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0 um, t\u00f3ku \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed a\u00f0 d\u00e6ma.<\/p>\n \u00de\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 kunni a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3ma einkennilega er ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a Yfirdeildar til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00feessari \u00f3vissu, en e\u00f0lilegt er a\u00f0 skilja hana svo, ef grannt er sko\u00f0a\u00f0, a\u00f0 h\u00fan eigi eing\u00f6ngu vi\u00f0 um fyrrnefnda fj\u00f3ra d\u00f3mara (n\u00fa \u00ed reynd a\u00f0eins einn \u00feeirra \u00fear sem \u00fer\u00edr hafa veri\u00f0 skipa\u00f0ir aftur) en ekki alla d\u00f3marana eins og m\u00f6gulegt var a\u00f0 \u00e1lykta af fyrri d\u00f3mi MDE.<\/p>\n A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0ar s\u00ed\u00f0ara atri\u00f0i\u00f0 um enduruppt\u00f6ku (reopening) er athyglisvert a\u00f0 \u00ed lok d\u00f3ms Yfirdeildar er a\u00f0 finna eftirfarandi:<\/p>\n \u201cThe Court further considers that in accordance with its obligations under Article 46 of the Convention, it falls upon the respondent State to draw the necessary conclusions from the present judgment and to take any general measures as appropriate in order to solve the problems that have led to the Court\u2019s findings and to prevent similar violations from taking place in the future. That being said, the Court stresses that the finding of a violation in the present case may not as such be taken to impose on the respondent State an obligation under the Convention to reopen all similar cases that have since become\u00a0<\/em>res judicata<\/em>\u00a0in accordance with Icelandic law<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n \u00cd fyrri hluta \u00feessara or\u00f0a er a\u00f0 finna tilm\u00e6li til \u00edslenska r\u00edkisins um a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til almennra r\u00e1\u00f0stafana til a\u00f0 leysa \u00far \u00feeim vandkv\u00e6\u00f0um sem d\u00f3mur Yfirdeildar skapar og koma \u00ed veg fyrir frekari brot. Um \u00feetta er a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00feetta hefur \u00feegar veri\u00f0 gert me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tekin var s\u00fa \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un a\u00f0 \u00feeir fj\u00f3rir d\u00f3marar sem ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var\u00f0ar skyldu ekki sinna d\u00f3mst\u00f6rfum \u00feegar \u00e1 grundvelli d\u00f3ms deildarinnar. Me\u00f0 \u00feessari \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un var auglj\u00f3slega komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir frekari m\u00f6guleg brot. \u00der\u00edr \u00feeirra hafa komi\u00f0 til starfa aftur \u00e1 grundvelli n\u00fdrrar skipunar. Skipan \u00feeirra hefur \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 komi\u00f0 \u00e1 traustan grunn. Ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a Yfirdeildar skapar \u00fev\u00ed engin vandkv\u00e6\u00f0i sem ekki er \u00feegar b\u00fai\u00f0 a\u00f0 leysa \u00far, a\u00f0 undanskildum einum \u00feessara d\u00f3mara. V\u00e6nta m\u00e1 \u00feess a\u00f0 lausn finnist \u00e1 vanda er hann var\u00f0ar \u00e1\u00f0ur en langt um l\u00ed\u00f0ur. Ekki er \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 a\u00f0 gr\u00edpa til frekari almennra r\u00e1\u00f0stafana. Kemur \u00fear tvennt til. \u00cd fyrsta lagi var regluverki\u00f0 um \u00feessa skipan einnota a\u00f0 nokkru marki, einkum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er var\u00f0ar a\u00f0komu \u00feingsins. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi er ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a Yfirdeildar ekki \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed bygg\u00f0 a\u00f0 regluverki\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft um skipan d\u00f3mara hafi veri\u00f0 e\u00f0a s\u00e9 galla\u00f0, heldur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 meinbugir hafi veri\u00f0 \u00e1 framkv\u00e6md \u00feess \u00ed \u00feessu tilfelli. \u00c6tti a\u00f0 vera n\u00e6gilegt a\u00f0 lesa d\u00f3minn gaumg\u00e6filega til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast samb\u00e6rilega upp\u00e1komu \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni.<\/p>\n Um m\u00f6gulega enduruppt\u00f6ku m\u00e1la segir ekki anna\u00f0 \u00ed hinum tilvitnu\u00f0u or\u00f0um en a\u00f0 af MSE lei\u00f0i ekki skyldu r\u00edkja til a\u00f0 tryggja r\u00e9tt k\u00e6renda til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 m\u00e1l endurupptekin \u00fe\u00f3tt 6. gr. teljist a\u00f0 \u00e1liti MDE hafa veri\u00f0 brotin. \u00deetta er alkunnugt \u00feeim sem \u00feekkingu hafa \u00e1 MSE og \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 koma neinum \u00e1 \u00f3vart. Hitt er \u00fe\u00f3 anna\u00f0 m\u00e1l a\u00f0 \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum d\u00f3mum MDE, \u00ed eins konar obiter dictum<\/em>, hefur d\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 einmitt endurupptaka s\u00e9 heppilegt \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i til a\u00f0 r\u00e9tta hlut k\u00e6renda sem \u00feola hafa m\u00e1tt brot gegn 6. gr. MSE. \u00deetta er ekki gert \u00ed d\u00f3mi Yfirdeildar \u00ed Landsr\u00e9ttarm\u00e1linu, heldur \u00e1r\u00e9tta\u00f0 a\u00f0 til \u00feess standi engin skylda samkv\u00e6mt s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum. \u00deetta er athyglisvert svo ekki s\u00e9 meira sagt \u00e1 \u00feessu stigi. M\u00e6tti skrifa um \u00feetta a\u00f0ra grein, jafnvel langa fr\u00e6\u00f0igrein.<\/p>\n \u00cd \u00feessum or\u00f0um er einnig l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttur til enduruppt\u00f6ku r\u00e1\u00f0ist af \u00edslenskum l\u00f6gum og s\u00e9 \u00e1 valdi innlendra stofnana (n\u00fa enduruppt\u00f6kud\u00f3mst\u00f3ls) a\u00f0 taka \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un um hvort skilyr\u00f0i enduruppt\u00f6ku eru fyrir hendi eftir \u00edslenskum l\u00f6gum og hvort h\u00fan skuli ver\u00f0a. \u00de\u00f3 m\u00e1 vel gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 \u00feessi or\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00f3mi Yfirdeildar letji marga til a\u00f0 leggja \u00ed sl\u00edka vegfer\u00f0 og \u00feeir meti \u00fea\u00f0 svo a\u00f0 \u00feeir muni fara erindisleysu. Ekki \u00e6tla \u00e9g a\u00f0 gerast sp\u00e1ma\u00f0ur um l\u00edklega ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u af sl\u00edkri vegfer\u00f0 kj\u00f3si einhver a\u00f0ila \u00feessara m\u00e1la a\u00f0 leggja \u00ed hana. \u00cd \u00f6llu falli er l\u00edklega \u00f3h\u00e6tt a\u00f0 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 til enduruppt\u00f6ku d\u00e6mdra m\u00e1la muni t\u00e6past koma \u00ed st\u00f3rum st\u00edl. M\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 komi til \u00feess \u00ed einhverjum m\u00e6li muni \u00fea\u00f0 ekki hafa s\u00e9rst\u00f6k vandkv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r fyrir Landsr\u00e9tt sem ekki ver\u00f0ur vel vi\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/p>\n A\u00f0 \u00f6llu samanl\u00f6g\u00f0u kallar ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a Yfirdeildar ekki \u00e1 neinar s\u00e9rstakar r\u00e1\u00f0stafanir af h\u00e1lfu Landsr\u00e9ttar sem ekki hefur \u00feegar veri\u00f0 teki\u00f0 til. Me\u00f0 d\u00f3mi Yfirdeildar er \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti dregi\u00f0 verulega \u00far \u00feeirri \u00f3vissu sem fyrri d\u00f3mur skapa\u00f0i og er \u00fea\u00f0 vel.<\/p>\n D\u00f3mur MDE gefur tilefni til fleiri \u00feanka, m.a. um \u00fe\u00e1tt H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar, en \u00ed d\u00f3mi Yfirdeildar\u00a0 s\u00e6tir d\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar fr\u00e1 24. ma\u00ed 2018 nokkurri gagnr\u00fdni.\u00a0 \u00cd \u00feessum d\u00f3mi H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar var komist a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 einn \u00feeirra fj\u00f6gurra d\u00f3mara sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 var\u00f0ar v\u00e6ri l\u00f6gm\u00e6tur handhafi d\u00f3msvalds \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir galla \u00e1 m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed a\u00f0draganda skipunar sem sami r\u00e9ttur haf\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur tali\u00f0 vera \u00e1 henni. Telur MDE a\u00f0 H\u00e6star\u00e9tti hafi brug\u00f0ist bogalistin vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra \u00feetta \u00e1 fulln\u00e6gjandi h\u00e1tt me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til vi\u00f0eigandi meginreglna s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans. Ver\u00f0ur d\u00f3mur MDE t\u00e6past skilin \u00e1 annan h\u00e1tt en a\u00f0 \u00feessi d\u00f3mur H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar eigi nokkurn \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 6. gr. MSE var tali\u00f0 broti\u00f0. A\u00f0 \u00feessu s\u00f6g\u00f0u gefur \u00feessi r\u00f6kstu\u00f0ningur \u00ed d\u00f3mi MDE l\u00edka tilefni til margv\u00edslegra huglei\u00f0inga og vekur \u00fdmsar spurningar, m.a. um hvort hann hafi seilst full langt inn \u00e1 verksvi\u00f0 H\u00e6star\u00e9ttar me\u00f0 \u00feessu l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega ati. En ekki meira um \u00feetta a\u00f0 sinni.<\/p>\n H\u00f6fundur er d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 Landsr\u00e9tt og fyrrverandi d\u00f3mari vi\u00f0 MDE.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00f3mur Yfirdeildar MDE \u00ed Landsr\u00e9ttarm\u00e1linu liggur n\u00fa fyrir. \u00deetta er mikil lesning, alls 153 bla\u00f0s\u00ed\u00f0ur, en \u00fear af eru s\u00e9ratkv\u00e6\u00f0in (sperate opinions) 36 s\u00ed\u00f0ur sem sex d\u00f3marar koma a\u00f0 me\u00f0 einum e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti. Allt er \u00feetta fr\u00f3\u00f0legt \u00ed fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum … Continue reading