{"id":668,"date":"2023-09-05T20:28:21","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T20:28:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/?p=668"},"modified":"2024-03-15T13:35:34","modified_gmt":"2024-03-15T13:35:34","slug":"668","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/2023\/09\/05\/668\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00f0last, K\u00f3ranbrennur og tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd pistlinum er r\u00e6tt um K\u00f3ranbrennur sem form tj\u00e1ningar \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 10. gr. Mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi. Raktir eru d\u00f3mar Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu sem s\u00fdna a\u00f0 tr\u00faarlegar tilfinningar einstaklinga e\u00f0a h\u00f3pa nj\u00f3ta verndar samkv\u00e6mt 9. gr. s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans gagnvart \u00fev\u00ed sem telja m\u00e1 \u00f3ver\u00f0skulda\u00f0ar og m\u00f3\u00f0gandi \u00e1r\u00e1sir \u00e1 tr\u00faarsannf\u00e6ringu \u00feeirra og tj\u00e1ningu sem talin er fela \u00ed s\u00e9r hvatningu til a\u00f0 umbera ekki tiltekin tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0. Takm\u00f6rkun sl\u00edkrar tj\u00e1ningar geti \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 r\u00e9ttm\u00e6t me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til 2. mgr. 10. gr. MSE vegna r\u00e9ttinda hinna tr\u00fau\u00f0u. \u00deetta gefur tilefni til a\u00f0 spyrja hvort setja megi K\u00f3ranbrennum, sem a\u00f0fer\u00f0 til a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 sko\u00f0un s\u00edna \u00e1 \u00edslam, skor\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r feli \u00ed s\u00e9r gr\u00f3fa og \u00f3ver\u00f0skulda\u00f0a \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 tr\u00faartilfinningar m\u00faslima e\u00f0a hvatningu til a\u00f0 umbera ekki \u00edslam og m\u00faslima. R\u00f6k eru f\u00e6r\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til d\u00f3maframkv\u00e6mdar MDE, a\u00f0 skor\u00f0ur (refsingar) vi\u00f0 K\u00f3ranbrennum sem form tj\u00e1ningar yr\u00f0u taldar heimilar. L\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 mat \u00e1 \u00feessu myndi MDE horfa til \u00feess a\u00f0 tj\u00e1ningu me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti er trau\u00f0la unnt a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 sem framlag til heilbrig\u00f0ra sko\u00f0anaskipta um mikilv\u00e6g samf\u00e9lagsleg m\u00e1lefni. Fremur yr\u00f0i liti\u00f0 \u00e1 K\u00f3ranbrennur sem vitnisbur\u00f0 um mikla \u00f3beit (jafnvel hatur) \u00e1 \u00edslam og m\u00faslimum og me\u00f0vita\u00f0a hvatningu til umbera hvorugt. Um v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a tilefnislausa \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 islam og tr\u00faarsannf\u00e6ringu m\u00faslima sem v\u00e6ri til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 s\u00e6ra tr\u00faartilfinningar \u00feeirra, m\u00f3\u00f0ga \u00fe\u00e1 og stu\u00f0a \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti uppbyggilegum tilgangi \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu samf\u00e9lagi.<\/em><\/p>\n

I.<\/p>\n

Fr\u00e9ttir berast \u00feessa dagana, a\u00f0allega fr\u00e1 Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og Danm\u00f6rku, \u00fear sem\u00a0 K\u00f3ranbrennur koma vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu. \u00cd \u00feessum pistli er liti\u00f0 framhj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 brennur og \u00edkveikjur \u00e1 almannaf\u00e6ri, hvort heldur lag\u00f0ur er eldur a\u00f0 b\u00f3kum e\u00f0a \u00f6\u00f0ru, geta valdi\u00f0 almannah\u00e6ttu og fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r hegningarlagabrot \u00e1 grundvelli \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a um brennu, sbr. 1. mgr. 164. gr. almennra hegningarlaga. Eing\u00f6ngu er fjalla\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar tr\u00faarleg rit, sem m\u00f6rgum eru helg, eru brennd, sem form tj\u00e1ningar \u00fat fr\u00e1 meginreglum um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi \u00ed 10. gr. Mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu (MSE) og hvort s\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn verndar sl\u00edka tj\u00e1ningu.<\/p>\n

Yfirv\u00f6ldum \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og Danm\u00f6rku er vandi \u00e1 h\u00f6ndum um vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0, enda m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 brenna eintak af K\u00f3rnaninum til a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 van\u00fe\u00f3knun s\u00edna \u00e1 innihaldi ritsins, s\u00e9 tj\u00e1ning sem \u00ed grunninn n\u00fdtur verndar \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi \u00ed stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1m \u00feessara r\u00edkja og MSE. \u00cd Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist \u00feetta sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 ofan\u00e1. \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn vitna b\u00f3kabrennur, hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 eru tr\u00faarrit e\u00f0a annars konar rit, um mikla \u00f3beit og algj\u00f6ran skort \u00e1 umbur\u00f0arlyndi \u00feeirra sem fyrir sl\u00edkum brennum standa gagnvart innihaldi ritanna sem brennd eru. \u00deegar um tr\u00faarrit er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e1 gera m\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 sl\u00edk tj\u00e1ning s\u00e9 til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 \u00a0s\u00e6ra tr\u00faartilfinningar sanntr\u00faa\u00f0ra m\u00faslima og m\u00f3\u00f0ga \u00fe\u00e1, en \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed felst einmitt gu\u00f0last \u00ed lagalegum skilningi. \u00deess utan hafa K\u00f3ranbrennur valdi\u00f0 mikilli spennu \u00ed\u00a0 \u00feessum l\u00f6ndum og yfirv\u00f6ld telja sig merkja vaxandi hry\u00f0juverka\u00f3gn og \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00f3gn vi\u00f0 allsherjarreglu og \u00f6ryggi borgara sinna. \u00de\u00e1 hafa K\u00f3ranbrennurnar valdi\u00f0 miklum vandr\u00e6\u00f0um \u00ed samskiptum Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar og Danmerkur vi\u00f0 \u00edsl\u00f6msk r\u00edki og dipl\u00f3mat\u00edsk samskipti vi\u00f0 einst\u00f6k r\u00edki eru \u00ed uppn\u00e1mi. Af \u00feessu geta hlotist margs konar vandr\u00e6\u00f0i og h\u00e6ttur. Hefur \u00feetta leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 yfirv\u00f6ld \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku og Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 hafa \u00edhuga\u00f0 l\u00f6ggj\u00f6f sem reisir skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 tj\u00e1ningu sem felst \u00ed a\u00f0 brenna helg tr\u00faarrit til a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 sk\u00f6mm s\u00edna \u00e1 \u00feeim, \u00fe\u00f3tt laga\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um gu\u00f0last hafi annars veri\u00f0 afnumin \u00ed \u00feessum l\u00f6ndum, eins og \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Um sl\u00edk \u00e1form eru e\u00f0lilega mj\u00f6g skiptar sko\u00f0anir \u00fat fr\u00e1 meginreglum um frelsi borgaranna til a\u00f0 tj\u00e1 sig \u00e1 hvern \u00feann h\u00e1tt sem \u00feeir kj\u00f3sa. \u00cd \u00feessum pistli geri \u00e9g a\u00f0 umtalsefni \u00fea\u00f0 sem kalla m\u00e1 \u201evernd tr\u00faartilfinninga\u201c sem er \u00feekkt stef \u00ed d\u00f3maframkv\u00e6md Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu (MDE). \u00deessu tengt er \u00e1litam\u00e1li\u00f0 um hvort refsingar fyrir gu\u00f0last (blasphemy) sem svo er nefnt, geti samr\u00fdmst MSE.<\/p>\n

II.<\/p>\n

\u00cd 1. mgr. 9. gr. MSE segir me\u00f0al annars a\u00f0 s<\/em>\u00e9rhver einstaklingur eigi r\u00e9tt \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera frj\u00e1ls hugsana sinna, samvisku og tr\u00faar. \u00cd \u00feessu felst me\u00f0al annars frelsi manna til a\u00f0 r\u00e6kja tr\u00fa s\u00edna e\u00f0a sannf\u00e6ringu me\u00f0 gu\u00f0s\u00fej\u00f3nustu, bo\u00f0un, breytni og helgihaldi. \u00de\u00e1 segir \u00ed \u00a02. mgr. 9. gr. \u00a0a\u00f0 frelsi manna til a\u00f0 r\u00e6kja tr\u00fa s\u00edna e\u00f0a sannf\u00e6ringu skuli einungis h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00feeim takm\u00f6rkunum, sem l\u00f6g m\u00e6la fyrir um og nau\u00f0syn ber til \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi vegna almannaheilla, til verndar allsherjarreglu, heilsu manna e\u00f0a si\u00f0g\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a r\u00e9tti og frelsi. Tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi\u00f0 er vernda\u00f0 \u00ed 10. gr. \u00dear segir me\u00f0al annars \u00ed 1. mgr. a\u00f0 einstaklingur eigi r\u00e9tt til tj\u00e1ningarfrelsis. Skuli s\u00e1 r\u00e9ttur einnig n\u00e1 yfir frelsi til a\u00f0 hafa sko\u00f0anir, taka vi\u00f0 og skila \u00e1fram uppl\u00fdsingum og hugmyndum heima og erlendis \u00e1n afskipta stj\u00f3rnvalda. \u00de\u00e1 kemur me\u00f0al annars fram \u00ed 2. mgr. a\u00f0 \u00fear sem af r\u00e9ttindum \u00feessum lei\u00f0i skyldur og \u00e1byrg\u00f0 s\u00e9 heimilt a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00feeim formreglum, skilyr\u00f0um, takm\u00f6rkunum e\u00f0a vi\u00f0url\u00f6gum sem l\u00f6g m\u00e6la fyrir um og nau\u00f0syn ber til \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi vegna \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar\u00f6ryggis, landvarna e\u00f0a almannaheilla<\/em>, til \u00feess a\u00f0 firra glundro\u00f0a e\u00f0a gl\u00e6pum, til verndar heilsu e\u00f0a si\u00f0g\u00e6\u00f0i manna, mannor\u00f0i e\u00f0a r\u00e9ttindum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Af \u00feessu \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i s\u00fdnist blasa vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00f6gulegt er a\u00f0 r\u00f6ksty\u00f0ja me\u00f0 \u00fdmsum h\u00e6tti takmarkanir \u00e1 tj\u00e1ningu \u00fear sem f\u00f3lk tj\u00e1ir \u00f3beit s\u00edna \u00e1 innihaldi K\u00f3ranins og \u00edslam me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 brenna af honum eint\u00f6k \u00e1 almannaf\u00e6ri. R\u00f6kin geta veri\u00f0 me\u00f0al annars a\u00f0 sl\u00edk takm\u00f6rkun s\u00e9 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar\u00f6ryggis og almannaheilla, e\u00f0a \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 firra glundro\u00f0a og gl\u00e6pum. Svo er spurning hvort unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 takmarka sl\u00edka tj\u00e1ningu til verndar r\u00e9ttindum annarra, svo sem vegna tr\u00faartilfinninga m\u00faslima. Spurninguna m\u00e1 or\u00f0a svo hvort r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 takmarka tj\u00e1ningu sem t\u00falka m\u00e1 sem \u00f3ver\u00f0skulda\u00f0a e\u00f0a tilefnislausa \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 tr\u00fa annarra og tr\u00faartilfinningar og \u00fear me\u00f0 tr\u00fafrelsi \u00feeirra. Um \u00feetta hefur veri\u00f0 fjalla\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00f3mum MDE.<\/p>\n

III.<\/p>\n

\u00deekktastur er d\u00f3murinn \u00ed m\u00e1li Otto-Preminger Institute gegn Austurr\u00edki <\/a><\/em>fr\u00e1 1994. M\u00e1li\u00f0 var\u00f0a\u00f0i bann vi\u00f0 opinberri s\u00fdningu kvikmyndarinnar Das Liebeskonzil eftir leikstj\u00f3rann Werner Schroeter \u00ed T\u00fdrol h\u00e9ra\u00f0inu \u00ed Austurr\u00edki. Myndin s\u00e6kir innbl\u00e1stur \u00ed sat\u00edru eftir leiksk\u00e1ldi\u00f0 Oskar Panizza, en h\u00f6fundur hennar m\u00e1tti 1895 \u00feola d\u00f3m fyrir gu\u00f0last fyrir leikverki\u00f0. Kvikmyndin er um \u00feessi r\u00e9ttarh\u00f6ld me\u00f0 tilv\u00edsunum \u00ed leikrit Panizza. \u00cd kvikmyndinni birtist himnafa\u00f0irinn sem elli\u00e6rt gamalmenni sem skiptist \u00e1 kossum vi\u00f0 \u00feann Gamla \u00ed Ni\u00f0urkoti (K\u00f6lska) sem hann telur til vina sinna. \u00d6nnur atri\u00f0i \u00ed myndinni s\u00fdna kynfer\u00f0islega spennu milli Mar\u00edu meyjar og K\u00f6lska. \u00de\u00e1 birtist Jes\u00fa Kristur \u00fear sem andlegur eftirb\u00e1tur, sem me\u00f0al annars freistar \u00feess a\u00f0 kreista og kyssa brj\u00f3st m\u00f3\u00f0ur sinnar. \u00d6ll hefur hin heilaga \u00ferenning miklar m\u00e6tur \u00e1 \u00e1rakorninu.<\/p>\n

\u00c1\u00f0ur en myndin var s\u00fdnd opinberlega b\u00e1rust spurnir af innihaldi hennar og var lagt \u00e1 hana hald og h\u00fan ger\u00f0 uppt\u00e6k. \u00dear me\u00f0 var komi\u00f0 \u00ed veg fyrir opinbera s\u00fdningu hennar. Framlei\u00f0andi myndarinnar, taldi a\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir yfirvalda hef\u00f0u fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r brot \u00e1 1. mgr. 10. gr. MSE um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi. Um v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a listr\u00e6na tj\u00e1ningu sem nyti r\u00edkrar verndar. Tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi\u00f0 vernda\u00f0i tj\u00e1ningu sem v\u00e6ri stu\u00f0andi og \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gileg fyrir yfirv\u00f6ld og einstaklinga. MDE komst aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 ekki hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 broti\u00f0 gegn tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi k\u00e6randa. \u00cd forsendum d\u00f3msins segir me\u00f0al annars, a\u00f0 ekki ver\u00f0i horft framhj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluti \u00edb\u00faa \u00ed T\u00fdr\u00f3l v\u00e6ri r\u00f3mversk-ka\u00fe\u00f3lskrar tr\u00faar. Me\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0um s\u00ednum stefndu yfirv\u00f6ld a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skapa fri\u00f0 um tr\u00fa og tr\u00faari\u00f0kun \u00ed h\u00e9ra\u00f0inu og koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 tr\u00faa\u00f0ir einstaklingar teldu a\u00f0 s\u00e9r vegi\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00e1r\u00e1sum \u00e1 tr\u00fa \u00feeirra og sannf\u00e6ringu \u00e1 \u00f3ver\u00f0skulda\u00f0an og m\u00f3\u00f0gandi h\u00e1tt. Segir jafnframt a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 fyrst og fremst hlutverk yfirvalda \u00ed r\u00edki a\u00f0 meta \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir sl\u00edkar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir og \u00feau hef\u00f0u ekki fari\u00f0 \u00fat fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 svigr\u00fam sem \u00feau hafi \u00ed \u00feessum efnum. Sem sagt, ekki var fallist \u00e1 a\u00f0 broti\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00e1 tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi k\u00e6randa. \u00cd ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0unni felst a\u00f0 tr\u00faarlegar tilfinningar einstaklinga nj\u00f3ta samkv\u00e6mt 9. gr. MSE verndar gagnvart \u00f3ver\u00f0skuldu\u00f0um og m\u00f3\u00f0gandi \u00e1r\u00e1sum \u00e1 tr\u00faarsannf\u00e6ringu \u00feeirra. Skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 s\u00fdningu myndarinnar v\u00e6ru r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tar \u00e1 grundvelli 2. mgr. 10. gr. sem heimilar me\u00f0al annars takmarkanir \u00e1 tj\u00e1ningu vegna r\u00e9ttinda annarra<\/em>. D\u00f3mur \u00feessi hefur alla t\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00e6tt gagnr\u00fdni talsmanna tj\u00e1ningarfrelsis og margir telja hann beinl\u00ednis rangan. Nokku\u00f0 er til \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 minni hyggju, en hann er n\u00fa samt sta\u00f0reynd.<\/p>\n

IV<\/p>\n

\u00c1 \u00e1rinu 2018 kva\u00f0 MDE annan d\u00f3m sem t\u00falka m\u00e1 svo a\u00f0 MDE haldi sig vi\u00f0 ford\u00e6mi\u00f0 sem gefi\u00f0 var me\u00f0 d\u00f3minum \u00ed Otto-Preminger<\/em> m\u00e1linu. H\u00e9r r\u00e6\u00f0ir um d\u00f3m \u00ed m\u00e1li E.S. gegn Austurr\u00edki<\/em>. \u00cd \u00feetta sinn snerist m\u00e1li\u00f0 ekki um tr\u00faarlegar tilfinningar r\u00f3mversk-ka\u00fe\u00f3lskra heldur m\u00faslima. Atvik voru \u00feau a\u00f0 k\u00e6randi st\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir r\u00f6\u00f0 fyrirlestra \u00ed V\u00ednarborg um \u00edslam \u00ed h\u00f6fu\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0vum Frelsisflokksins, sem er h\u00e6grisinna\u00f0ur \u00edhaldsflokkur. \u00cd einum fyrirlestranna, sem voru \u00f6llum opnir, r\u00e6ddi h\u00fan um hj\u00f3naband M\u00fahame\u00f0s sp\u00e1manns me\u00f0 sex \u00e1ra st\u00falku og \u00feau hafi haft samr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feegar h\u00fan var n\u00edu \u00e1ra. Velti k\u00e6randi upp \u00feeirri spurning hvort ekki v\u00e6ri r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 kalla \u00feetta barnan\u00ed\u00f0 (ped\u00f3fil\u00eda)? Sakam\u00e1lad\u00f3mst\u00f3ll \u00ed V\u00ednarborg sakfelldi k\u00e6randa fyrir gu\u00f0last \u00ed febr\u00faar 2011 og k\u00e6randi talin hafa me\u00f0 \u00feessum umm\u00e6lum vanvirt kennisetningar \u00edslams. Var k\u00e6randa gert a\u00f0 a\u00f0 grei\u00f0a sekt og m\u00e1lskostna\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Fyrir MDE bygg\u00f0i k\u00e6randi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed broti\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 gegn tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi hennar samkv\u00e6mt 10. gr. MSE. \u00cd d\u00f3mi MDE kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem kj\u00f3si a\u00f0 r\u00e6kja tr\u00fa s\u00edna \u00ed krafti tr\u00fafrelsis samkv\u00e6mt 9. gr. MSE \u00feurfi a\u00f0 vera undir \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00fanir a\u00f0 s\u00e6ta gagnr\u00fdni af h\u00e1lfu annarra sem ekki deildu me\u00f0 \u00feeim tr\u00faarsko\u00f0unum. \u00de\u00f3 v\u00e6ri heimilt a\u00f0 takmarka sl\u00edka tj\u00e1ningu fari h\u00fan yfir m\u00f6rk gagnr\u00fdni og feli \u00ed s\u00e9r hvatningu<\/em> til a\u00f0 umbera ekki tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 e\u00f0a fylgjendur \u00feeirra. Heimilt v\u00e6ri, innan h\u00f3flegra marka, a\u00f0 takmarka tj\u00e1ningu sem b\u00e6ri me\u00f0 s\u00e9r algj\u00f6ran skort \u00e1 umbur\u00f0arlyndi gagnvart tilteknum tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um e\u00f0a fylgjendum \u00feeirra. D\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn lag\u00f0i \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 umm\u00e6li k\u00e6randa snertu mikilv\u00e6gt m\u00e1lefni og g\u00e6tu m\u00f6gulega haft neikv\u00e6\u00f0ar aflei\u00f0ingar, allt eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvar, hven\u00e6r og \u00ed hva\u00f0a samhengi \u00feau v\u00e6ru h\u00f6f\u00f0 \u00ed frammi. D\u00f3murinn t\u00f3k jafnframt fram a\u00f0 a\u00f0ildarr\u00edkin hef\u00f0u miki\u00f0 svigr\u00fam til mats \u00ed m\u00e1lum sem \u00feessum \u00fear sem \u00feau v\u00e6ru \u00ed betri st\u00f6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 meta hva\u00f0a umm\u00e6li v\u00e6ru l\u00edkleg til \u00feess a\u00f0 valda \u00f3lgu og \u00f3gna tr\u00fafrelsi \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi r\u00edki. D\u00f3murinn taldi a\u00f0 umm\u00e6lin hafi ekki veri\u00f0 sett fram \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00feau v\u00e6ru li\u00f0ur \u00ed uppbyggilegri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsumr\u00e6\u00f0u heldur v\u00e6ru til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 vera t\u00falku\u00f0 af almenningi, og \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9rstaklega m\u00faslimasamf\u00e9laginu, sem \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 M\u00fahame\u00f0 sp\u00e1mann og fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1lyktun a\u00f0 hann v\u00e6ri ekki ver\u00f0ur \u00feeirra tilbei\u00f0slu sem vi\u00f0 hann v\u00e6ri tengd. D\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn t\u00f3k undir \u00fe\u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 k\u00e6randi hafi sett fram sta\u00f0h\u00e6fingar s\u00ednar gegn betri vitund og \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru til \u00feess fallnar a\u00f0 ala \u00e1 van\u00fe\u00f3knun annarra \u00e1 \u00edslam. MDE f\u00e9llst \u00e1 a\u00f0 d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar \u00ed Austurr\u00edki hef\u00f0u g\u00e6tt jafnv\u00e6gis milli tj\u00e1ningarfrelsis k\u00e6randa og r\u00e9ttarins til verndar \u00e1 tr\u00fafrelsinu skv. 9. gr. s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans og g\u00e6tt me\u00f0alh\u00f3fs vi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un refsingar. Af \u00feessum d\u00f3mi, l\u00edkt og hinum fyrrnefnda, m\u00e1 draga \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1lyktun a\u00f0 r\u00edkjum s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans s\u00e9 heimilt a\u00f0 setja skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 tj\u00e1ningu sem t\u00falka m\u00e1 sem \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 tr\u00faartilfinningar manna e\u00f0a felur \u00ed s\u00e9r hvatningu<\/em> til a\u00f0 umbera ekki tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0 e\u00f0a fylgjendur \u00feeirra.<\/p>\n

V.<\/p>\n

Til a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 m\u00f6rk milli tj\u00e1ningar sem s\u00e1ttm\u00e1linn verndar og \u00feeirrar sem reisa m\u00e1 skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 m\u00e1 einnig geta d\u00f3ms \u00ed m\u00e1li Rabczewska gegn P\u00f3landi<\/em> <\/a>fr\u00e1 september 2022. MDE. K\u00e6randi \u00ed m\u00e1linu er vins\u00e6l popps\u00f6ngkona \u00ed P\u00f3llandi. \u00cd vi\u00f0tali sem teki\u00f0 var vi\u00f0 hana og birt opinberlega, l\u00e9t h\u00fan \u00fdmis umm\u00e6li falla um Bibl\u00eduna og \u00fe\u00e1 sem festu hana \u00ed letur.\u00a0 Me\u00f0al \u00feess sem h\u00fan l\u00e9t \u00fat \u00far s\u00e9r var a\u00f0 \u00feeir hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 \u201erugla\u00f0ir af drykkju og grasreykingum\u201c. Fyrir \u00feessi umm\u00e6li var h\u00fan sakfelld \u00e1 grundvelli \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a um gu\u00f0last \u00ed p\u00f3lskum hegningarl\u00f6gum fyrir a\u00f0 s\u00e6ra tr\u00faartilfinningar\u00a0 kristinna manna. Um hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00f3\u00f0gandi \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 tr\u00fa \u00feeirra og takm\u00f6rkun \u00e1 sl\u00edkri tj\u00e1ningu v\u00e6ri r\u00e9ttm\u00e6t me\u00f0 v\u00edsan til 2. mgr. 10. gr. MSE. Fyrir MDE h\u00e9lt k\u00e6randi \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 sakfellingin f\u00e6ri gegn \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 1. mgr. 10. gr. MSE um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi. \u00cd \u00feessu tilfelli fellst MDE \u00e1 r\u00f6k k\u00e6randa. \u00cd forsendum fyrir \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u kemur fram a\u00f0 p\u00f3lskir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lar hef\u00f0u ekki n\u00e6gilega vegi\u00f0 og meti\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3l\u00edku hagsmuni sem um r\u00e6\u00f0ir og \u00fe\u00e1 alveg s\u00e9rstaklega hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 meti\u00f0 hvort umm\u00e6lin, sem voru hvatv\u00eds, k\u00e6ruleysisleg og l\u00e9ttv\u00e6g, hef\u00f0u \u00ed raun veri\u00f0 til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 ala \u00e1 hatri e\u00f0a trufla me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum h\u00e6tti fri\u00f0 og tr\u00faarlegt umbur\u00f0arlyndi \u00ed P\u00f3landi og hafa \u00feannig ska\u00f0legar aflei\u00f0ingar \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r. Var tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 p\u00f3lska r\u00edki\u00f0 hef\u00f0i ekki n\u00e6gilega r\u00f6kstutt a\u00f0 takm\u00f6rkunin hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 nau\u00f0synleg vegna r\u00e9ttinda tr\u00faa\u00f0ra \u00e1 grundvelli 9. gr. MSE.<\/p>\n

Fleiri d\u00f3ma m\u00e1 nefna sem snerta \u00e1 \u00feessu \u00e1litaefni, svo sem\u00a0 Wingrove gegn UK<\/a><\/em> fr\u00e1 1996. \u00cd \u00feessu m\u00e1li var fjalla\u00f0 um vide\u00f3myndband sem teki\u00f0 var \u00far dreifingu \u00fear sem innihald \u00feess var tali\u00f0 fela \u00ed s\u00e9r gu\u00f0last. \u00cd \u00fev\u00ed s\u00e9st me\u00f0al annars nunna, heil\u00f6g Teresa, hafandi \u00ed frammi er\u00f3t\u00edska tilbur\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Krist \u00e1 krossinum. Tali\u00f0 var a\u00f0 skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 dreifingu myndbandsins v\u00e6ru samr\u00fdmanlegar 2. mgr. 10. gr. MSE og f\u00e6lu ekki s\u00e9r brot \u00e1 s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum. H\u00e9r<\/a> m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 hluta \u00far \u00feessu myndbandi.\u00a0 \u00cd \u0130.A. gegn Tyrklandi<\/a><\/em> fr\u00e1 2005 taldi MDE a\u00f0 trynesk yfirv\u00f6ld hef\u00f0u ekki broti\u00f0 gegn tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi k\u00e6randa me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed refsa honum fyrir a\u00f0 gefa \u00fat sk\u00e1lds\u00f6guna Yasak T\u00fcmceler<\/em>\u201d (\u201cThe forbidden phrases\u201d) eftir rith\u00f6fundinn Abdullah R\u0131za Erg\u00fcven \u00fear sem innihald \u00feess hef\u00f0i a\u00f0 geyma tilefnislausa og m\u00f3\u00f0gandi \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 tr\u00faarsetningar \u00edslam og f\u00e6ri gegn tyrkneskum l\u00f6gum um gu\u00f0last. Loks m\u00e1 nefna Tagiyev and Huseynov gegn Azerbaijan<\/a><\/em> fr\u00e1 2019, en \u00fear var fallist \u00e1 a\u00f0 broti\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 gegn tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi k\u00e6renda vegna d\u00f3ms sem \u00feeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u m\u00e1tt \u00feola fyrir gagnr\u00fdni s\u00edna \u00e1\u00a0 a\u00f0 \u00edslam og \u00fdmsa t\u00faarlei\u00f0toga \u00ed Tyrklandi.<\/p>\n

VI.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3marnir sem nefndir hafa veri\u00f0 s\u00fdna a\u00f0 tr\u00faarlegar tilfinningar einstaklinga e\u00f0a h\u00f3pa nj\u00f3ta tiltekinnar verndar samkv\u00e6mt 9. gr. MSE gagnvart \u00fev\u00ed sem telja m\u00e1 s\u00e6randi\u00a0 og m\u00f3\u00f0gandi \u00e1r\u00e1sir \u00e1 tr\u00faarsannf\u00e6ringu \u00feeirra og gagnvart tj\u00e1ningu sem talin ver\u00f0ur ala \u00e1 \u00f3beit gagnvart tilteknum tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um og fela \u00ed s\u00e9r hvatningu til a\u00f0 umbera \u00feau ekki. Takmarkanir eru taldar helgast af br\u00fdnni samf\u00e9lagslegri nau\u00f0syn og \u00fev\u00ed r\u00e9ttm\u00e6t \u00e1 grundvelli 2. mgr. 10. gr. MSE. Tj\u00e1ningin \u00fearf einnig a\u00f0 hafa til a\u00f0 bera \u00e1kve\u00f0in alv\u00f6ru\u00feunga og vera til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 ala \u00e1 \u00f3beit e\u00f0a hatri \u00e1 vi\u00f0komandi tr\u00faarbr\u00f6g\u00f0um og \u00feeim sem \u00feau a\u00f0hyllast. Sem sagt \u00feetta er sta\u00f0an samkv\u00e6mt d\u00f3maframkv\u00e6md\u00a0 MDE og vert a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 margir l\u00f6gspekingar hafa miklar efasemdir um \u00feessa d\u00f3ma, sem og um \u00fea\u00f0 hvort d\u00f3mst\u00f3llinn er alveg samkv\u00e6mur sj\u00e1lfum s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00feessum m\u00e1lum. Taka m\u00e1 undir \u00fdmislegt \u00ed \u00feeirri gagnr\u00fdni.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta lei\u00f0ir okkur aftur a\u00f0 K\u00f3ranbrennum og gefur tilefni til a\u00f0 spyrja hvort setja megi sl\u00edkum brennum, sem form tj\u00e1ningar, skor\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00feeim grundvelli a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r feli \u00ed s\u00e9r \u00a0s\u00e6randi \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 tr\u00faartilfinningar m\u00faslima e\u00f0a hvatningu til a\u00f0 umbera ekki \u00edslam og m\u00faslima. \u00dat fr\u00e1 \u00feremur \u00feessara d\u00f3ma sem nefndir voru vir\u00f0ist blasa vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 K\u00f3ranbrennum, jafnvel me\u00f0 refsingum, yr\u00f0u, \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00feessum sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um, taldar heimilar samkv\u00e6mt 2. mgr. 10. gr. MSE. M\u00e9r finnst l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 mat \u00e1 \u00feessu myndi MDE horfa til \u00feess a\u00f0 tj\u00e1ning me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti er t\u00e6past unnt a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 sem framlag til heilbrig\u00f0ra sko\u00f0anaskipta um mikilv\u00e6g samf\u00e9lagsleg m\u00e1lefni. Fremur yr\u00f0i liti\u00f0 \u00e1 K\u00f3ranbrennur sem vitnisbur\u00f0 um mikla \u00f3beit (jafnvel hatur) \u00e1 \u00edslam og m\u00faslimum og me\u00f0vita\u00f0a hvatningu til umbera hvorugt. Um v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a gr\u00f3fa \u00e1r\u00e1s \u00e1 \u00edslam og tr\u00faarsannf\u00e6ringu m\u00faslima sem v\u00e6ri til \u00feess fallin a\u00f0 s\u00e6ra tr\u00faartilfinningar \u00feeirra, m\u00f3\u00f0ga \u00fe\u00e1 og stu\u00f0a \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 tj\u00e1ningin \u00fej\u00f3na\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti uppbyggilegum tilgangi \u00ed l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegu samf\u00e9lagi.<\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd pistlinum er r\u00e6tt um K\u00f3ranbrennur sem form tj\u00e1ningar \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 10. gr. Mannr\u00e9ttindas\u00e1ttm\u00e1la Evr\u00f3pu um tj\u00e1ningarfrelsi. Raktir eru d\u00f3mar Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu sem s\u00fdna a\u00f0 tr\u00faarlegar tilfinningar einstaklinga e\u00f0a h\u00f3pa nj\u00f3ta verndar samkv\u00e6mt 9. gr. s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lans gagnvart \u00fev\u00ed sem … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-668","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","hentry","category-oflokkad","post_format-post-format-link"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=668"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":814,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/668\/revisions\/814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=668"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=668"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=668"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}