{"id":840,"date":"2024-06-06T13:35:05","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T13:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/?p=840"},"modified":"2025-11-23T14:12:41","modified_gmt":"2025-11-23T14:12:41","slug":"island-brytur-gegn-rettinum-til-frjalsra-kosninga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/2024\/06\/06\/island-brytur-gegn-rettinum-til-frjalsra-kosninga\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdsland br\u00fdtur gegn r\u00e9ttinum til frj\u00e1lsra kosninga \u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r fer \u00e9g nokkrum or\u00f0um um d\u00f3m Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu \u00ed m\u00e1li Gu\u00f0mundar Gunnarssonar og Magn\u00fasar Nor\u00f0dahl <\/em>gegn \u00cdslandi sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 16. apr\u00edl sl. Ger\u00f0 er grein fyrir reglum sem gilda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi um \u00farlausnarvald um l\u00f6gm\u00e6ti kj\u00f6rs einstakra \u00feingmanna a\u00f0 kosningum loknum. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 er s\u00ed\u00f0an fari\u00f0 nokkrum or\u00f0um um ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu og hva\u00f0 h\u00fan felur \u00ed s\u00e9r. Loks er velt um \u00e1litaefnum sem var\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 hvort unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 koma til m\u00f3ts vi\u00f0 \u00feau sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 er d\u00f3murinn er reistur \u00e1 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 breyta stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. <\/em><\/p>\n

A\u00f0dragandi m\u00e1lsins<\/em><\/p>\n

M\u00e1li\u00f0 er a\u00f0 rekja til \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar um endurtalningu atkv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed Nor\u00f0-Vestur kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi \u00ed kosningum til Al\u00feingis \u00ed september 2021. Magn\u00fas og Gu\u00f0mundur k\u00e6r\u00f0u nokkur atri\u00f0i var\u00f0andi framkv\u00e6md kosninganna.<\/p>\n

Undirb\u00faningskj\u00f6rbr\u00e9fanefnd Al\u00feingis, sem skipu\u00f0 er samkv\u00e6mt 3. mgr. 1. gr. laga nr.\u00a0 55\/1991 um \u00feingsk\u00f6p Al\u00feingis af forseta Al\u00feingis \u00far h\u00f3pi kj\u00f6rinna \u00feingmanna, rannsaka\u00f0i k\u00e6rurnar. Hlutverk hennar er l\u00f6gum samkv\u00e6mt a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa ranns\u00f3kn hinnar eiginlegu kj\u00f6rbr\u00e9fanefndar sem kosin er \u00e1 fyrsta fundi Al\u00feingis eftir kosningar, sbr. 2. mgr. s\u00f6mu greinar, en \u00fea\u00f0 er hlutverk \u00feessarar nefndar a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fa kosningu n\u00fdkj\u00f6rinna \u00feingmanna og vara\u00feingmanna.<\/p>\n

Undirb\u00faningsnefndin h\u00f3f ranns\u00f3kn og komu k\u00e6rendur me\u00f0al annars fyrir nefndina. \u00cd 90 bla\u00f0s\u00ed\u00f0na sk\u00fdrslu sinni getur undirb\u00faningskj\u00f6rbr\u00e9fanefnd um margv\u00edslega \u00e1galla sem \u00fe\u00f3ttu vera \u00e1 framkv\u00e6md kosninganna \u00ed NV, en taldi a\u00f0 eing\u00f6ngu atri\u00f0i sem lutu a\u00f0 geymslu og me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun atkv\u00e6\u00f0anna \u00e1 milli talninganna v\u00e6ru \u00e1gallar sem m\u00f6gulega<\/em> v\u00e6ru til \u00feess fallnir a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00farslit kosninganna. Undirb\u00faningsnefndin var \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn ekki einr\u00f3ma \u00ed afst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni og skila\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed ekki beinni ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u. \u00deessi sk\u00fdrsla f\u00f3r s\u00ed\u00f0an til hinna eiginlegu kj\u00f6rbr\u00e9fanefndar sem ger\u00f0i hana a\u00f0 sinni. \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn klofna\u00f0i s\u00fa nefnd \u00ed afst\u00f6\u00f0u sinni til \u00feess hvort gallarnir hef\u00f0u haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u kosninganna. Meirihluti nefndarinnar lag\u00f0i til a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi sta\u00f0festi kosningu allra 63 \u00feingmannanna. \u00c1 fundi Al\u00feingis 25. n\u00f3vember 2021 voru atkv\u00e6\u00f0i greidd \u00fear sem kosning \u00feeirra var sta\u00f0fest og till\u00f6gum um a\u00f0 endurtaka atkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu \u00ed heild e\u00f0a \u00ed NV var hafna\u00f0.<\/p>\n

D\u00f3mur MDE\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00cd raun m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 d\u00f3mur MDE fr\u00e1 16. apr\u00edl sl. sn\u00faist um tvennt, \u00fe.e. 3. gr. 1. vi\u00f0auka vi\u00f0 s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lann um frj\u00e1lsar kosningar og s\u00ed\u00f0an 13. gr. um r\u00e9ttinn til virkra r\u00e9ttar\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00cd fyrrnefnda \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0inu segir a\u00f0 samningsa\u00f0ilar skuldbindi sig til \u00feess a\u00f0 halda frj\u00e1lsar kosningar me\u00f0 h\u00e6filegu millibili, og skuli atkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0sla vera leynileg og fara fram vi\u00f0 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur er tryggi a\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s komi \u00e1lit almennings me\u00f0 frj\u00e1lsum h\u00e6tti \u00ed kj\u00f6ri til l\u00f6ggjafar\u00feings. \u00de\u00e1 segir \u00ed hinu s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda a\u00f0 s\u00e9rhver s\u00e1 sem \u00e1 er brotinn s\u00e1 r\u00e9ttur e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 frelsi hans skert, sem l\u00fdst er \u00ed s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum, skuli eiga raunh\u00e6fa lei\u00f0 til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 r\u00e9tti s\u00ednum fyrir opinberu stj\u00f3rnvaldi<\/em>, og gildir einu \u00fe\u00f3tt broti\u00f0 hafi frami\u00f0 opinberir emb\u00e6ttismenn.<\/p>\n

\u00cd d\u00f3minum er tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 kosningak\u00e6ra Gu\u00f0mundar og Magn\u00fasar hafi sem sl\u00edk fengi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 sem hafi veri\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e1t, \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6g og tryggt r\u00e9tt til r\u00f6kstuddrar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur v\u00e6ru r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tar efasemdir um a\u00f0 reglurnar sem giltu trygg\u00f0u \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gni n\u00e6gilega \u00ed \u00f6llum tilfellum. \u00de\u00e1 v\u00e6ri r\u00e9ttm\u00e6tur \u00f3tti vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0\u00fe\u00f3tta\u00e1kvar\u00f0anir \u00fear sem reglurnar f\u00e6lu \u00ed s\u00e9r l\u00edtt takmarka\u00f0 svigr\u00fam \u00feingmanna til mats \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hven\u00e6r \u00e1gallar \u00e1 framkv\u00e6md kosninga \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a til \u00f3gildingar \u00feeirra. \u00deetta samr\u00e6mdist ekki \u00feeim m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0arkr\u00f6fum sem taldar eru felast \u00ed 3. gr. b\u00f3kunar nr. 1. V\u00edsa\u00f0 var \u00ed \u00feessu efni til d\u00f3ms \u00ed m\u00e1li Mugemangango gegn Belg\u00edu<\/em><\/a> fr\u00e1 10. j\u00fal\u00ed 2020, en segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hafi blasa\u00f0 fr\u00e1 upphafi, a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a MDE \u00ed \u00edslenska m\u00e1linu sem h\u00e9r r\u00e6\u00f0ir um yr\u00f0i \u00e1 sama veg og var\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu belg\u00edska m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

\u00cd m\u00ednum huga merkir \u00feetta a\u00f0 broti\u00f0 felst ekki \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed, \u00fat af fyrir sig, a\u00f0 \u00feingi\u00f0 hafi \u00feetta hlutverk, heldur \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 reglur sem fjalla um m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0ina \u00ed \u00feinginu \u00feurfi a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta \u00e1 tvenna vegu. \u00cd fyrsta lagi me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 huga betur a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tryggja \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gni \u00ed \u00e1kvar\u00f0anat\u00f6kunni, \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feingmenn s\u00e9u ekki a\u00f0 taka \u00e1kvar\u00f0anir sem hafi bein og auglj\u00f3s \u00e1hrif fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sj\u00e1lfa og \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi a\u00f0 \u00ferengja svigr\u00fam \u00feingmanna til mats \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0a aflei\u00f0ingar tilteknar \u00e1gallar \u00e1 framkv\u00e6md kosninga eigi a\u00f0 lei\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r ver\u00f0i \u00f3giltar.<\/p>\n

Hitt atri\u00f0i\u00f0 er a\u00f0 broti\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 gegn 13. gr. MSE um r\u00e9ttinn til virkra r\u00e9ttar\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 skori\u00f0 \u00far r\u00e9tti samkv\u00e6mt s\u00e1ttm\u00e1lanum. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00edslenska r\u00edki\u00f0 hef\u00f0i haldi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 unnt hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 fyrir k\u00e6rendur a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta reyna \u00e1 r\u00e9tt sinn fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum hafi \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed raun ekki s\u00fdnt fram a\u00f0 svo v\u00e6ri, enda haf\u00f0i aldrei \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 reynt. Var \u00feessari m\u00e1ls\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u \u00fev\u00ed hafna\u00f0. \u00deegar betur er a\u00f0 g\u00e1\u00f0 eru \u00fe\u00f3 r\u00f6kin fyrir broti \u00e1 13. gr. \u00ed raun \u00feau s\u00f6mu og r\u00f6kin fyrir broti \u00e1 3. gr. 1. vi\u00f0auka, \u00fe.e. er a\u00f0 \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 eins og reglurnar eru n\u00fa tryggi ekki \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gni auk \u00feess sem reglunar s\u00e9u of matskenndar. Af \u00feessum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um er \u00farskur\u00f0arvald e\u00f0a \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unarvald \u00feingsins ekki skilvirkt \u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 sj\u00f3narh\u00f3li k\u00e6randa. \u00deetta ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 skilja svo a\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 laga \u00feetta tvennt m\u00e6tti l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0in \u00ed \u00feinginu geti talist virkt r\u00e9ttar\u00farr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed skilningi 13. gr. MSE.<\/p>\n

\u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i sj\u00f3narskr\u00e1rinnar \u2013 s\u00f6gulegar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Meginreglan um \u00farlausn um l\u00f6gm\u00e6ti kosningar \u00feingmanna er \u00ed\u00a0 46. gr. stjskr. \u00dear segir a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi skeri sj\u00e1lft \u00far, hvort \u00feingmenn \u00feess s\u00e9u l\u00f6glega kosnir, svo og \u00far \u00fev\u00ed, hvort \u00feingma\u00f0ur hafi misst kj\u00f6rgengi.<\/p>\n

Samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessu er bundi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1na a\u00f0 \u00feingmennirnir sj\u00e1lfir skera \u00far um hvort \u00feeir eru l\u00f6glega kosnir. \u00c6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessu felist a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 gert \u00e1 \u00feingfundi me\u00f0 einf\u00f6ldum meirihluta. Af \u00fev\u00ed lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 lagabreytingar (\u00e1n breytinga \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1) sem kunna a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a ger\u00f0ar vegna d\u00f3ms MDE geta ekki fali\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00e9r a\u00f0 hreyft ver\u00f0i vi\u00f0 kjarna \u00feeirrar reglu a\u00f0 Al\u00feingi fari me\u00f0 \u00feetta vald. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 gera \u00fearf stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rbreytingu. \u00deetta \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir til d\u00e6mis a\u00f0 yr\u00f0i gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 unnt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00feingsins til d\u00f3mst\u00f3la e\u00f0a \u00farskur\u00f0arnefndar sem s\u00e9rstaklega hef\u00f0i \u00feetta hlutverk, g\u00e6ti eing\u00f6ngu falist \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed heimild fyrir d\u00f3mst\u00f3l e\u00f0a nefnd til a\u00f0 fella \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00feingsins \u00far gildi og Al\u00feingi yr\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 gert a\u00f0 taka n\u00fdja \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un \u00fear sem b\u00e6tt yr\u00f0u \u00far \u00e1g\u00f6llum \u00e1 \u00feeirri fyrri.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi regla stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar um a\u00f0 \u00feingmenn geri \u00feetta sj\u00e1lfir kann hlj\u00f3ma einkennilega \u00ed eyrum sumra, en h\u00fan er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r ekki s\u00f6gulega s\u00e9\u00f0. \u00deetta er til a\u00f0 mynda samb\u00e6rilegt vi\u00f0 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed 33. gr. d\u00f6nsku stjskr. \u00de\u00e1 er hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt fyrirkomulag \u00ed L\u00faxemborg, Hollandi, Noregi og Belg\u00edu og a\u00f0 einhverju leyti Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 og \u00cdtal\u00edu. \u00deetta hlutverk kj\u00f6rins \u00feings er \u00fev\u00ed vel \u00feekkt stef \u00ed stj\u00f3rnskipunars\u00f6gu Evr\u00f3pu. Hugmyndin er g\u00f6mul og tengist \u00fer\u00edskiptingu r\u00edkisvalds og hugmyndum um sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feings gagnvart \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fe\u00e1ttum r\u00edkisvalds. Liti\u00f0 er svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegast s\u00e9 a\u00f0 \u00feingi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft r\u00e1\u00f0i sl\u00edkum \u00e1greiningsefnum til lykta frekar en fela \u00fea\u00f0 arfak\u00f3ngi sem ekkert l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt umbo\u00f0 hefur, n\u00fa og e\u00f0a d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum sem s\u00f3ttu vald sitt til \u00feessa sama umbo\u00f0slausa arfak\u00f3ngs og f\u00e1um datt \u00ed hug a\u00f0 unnt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 treysta fyrir \u00feessu verkefni. \u00deegar \u00feetta er meti\u00f0 m\u00e1 einnig hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00e1 Al\u00feingi koma saman \u00feingmenn \u00f3l\u00edkra flokka me\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edka hagsmuni og s\u00fdn. \u00dev\u00ed m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0, \u00feegar \u00feeir allir koma saman, og taka \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un, a\u00f0 samsetning sl\u00edkrar samkundu hafi a\u00f0 geyma innbygg\u00f0a \u00f6ryggisventla til a\u00f0 draga \u00far m\u00f6guleikum \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skortur \u00e1 \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gni einstakra \u00feingmanna \u00ed st\u00f3rum h\u00f3pi \u00feeirra hafi \u00f3h\u00f3flega mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 lokani\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u. \u00deannig er \u00feetta, me\u00f0 fyrirv\u00f6rum um e\u00f0lilega varnagla, alls ekki eins vitlaust fyrirkomulag og sumir vilja vera l\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt \u00feetta fyrirkomulag sty\u00f0jist vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0in l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is- og valddreifingarr\u00f6k hefur m\u00f6nnum vitaskuld lengi veri\u00f0 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00feetta er samt ekki fullkomi\u00f0. S\u00fa h\u00e6tta er auglj\u00f3slega fyrir hendi a\u00f0 n\u00fdkj\u00f6rnir \u00feingmenn stj\u00f3rnist fremur af stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lavi\u00f0horfum, s\u00ednum eigin hagsmunum e\u00f0a eftir atvikum p\u00f3lit\u00edskra samherja sinna, en einl\u00e6gri vi\u00f0leitni til a\u00f0 beita l\u00f6gum me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttum og \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gum h\u00e6tti. \u00deess vegna hafa veri\u00f0 farnar a\u00f0rar lei\u00f0ir \u00ed \u00fdmsum l\u00f6ndum, me\u00f0al annars me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0komu stj\u00f3rnlagad\u00f3mst\u00f3la \u00fear sem \u00feeir eru vi\u00f0 l\u00fd\u00f0i, e\u00f0a eftir atvikum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fela \u00feetta r\u00e1\u00f0i e\u00f0a nefnd sem s\u00e9rstaklega hefur \u00feetta hlutverk.<\/p>\n

L\u00f6ggj\u00f6f \u00e1 grundvelli \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0is stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r<\/em><\/p>\n

Svo sem sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 er \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 46. gr. mj\u00f6g almennt og \u00fear er engar reglur a\u00f0 finna sem m\u00e6la fyrir um hvernig m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feinginu skuli vera \u00feegar Al\u00feingi sker \u00far hvort \u00feingmenn s\u00e9u l\u00f6glega kj\u00f6rnir. Hefur \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega komi\u00f0 \u00ed hlut l\u00f6ggjafans, sem er \u00feetta sama Al\u00feingi, a\u00f0 setja um \u00feetta reglur \u00ed almenn l\u00f6g.<\/p>\n

\u00deessi \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i er n\u00fa a\u00f0 finna \u00ed kosningal\u00f6gum og l\u00f6gum um \u00feingsk\u00f6p Al\u00feingis. Sko\u00f0um \u00feau n\u00e1nar. \u00deegar kosningarnar \u00ed september 2021 f\u00f3ru fram giltu l\u00f6g nr. 24\/2000 um kosningar til Al\u00feingis. N\u00fa gilda aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00a0 132. gr. kosningalaga nr. 112\/2021. \u00deetta fl\u00e6kir a\u00f0eins m\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a MDE mi\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 120. gr. laga nr. 24\/2000, en \u00feau eru ekki lengur \u00ed gildi. \u00de\u00e1 eru \u00ed \u00feingskaparl\u00f6gum \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i sem hafa a\u00f0 geyma reglur um hvernig m\u00e1lsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 samkv\u00e6mt 46. gr. stjskr. skuli vera.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar meti\u00f0 er hvort unnt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 koma til m\u00f3ts vi\u00f0 kr\u00f6fur \u00fe\u00e6r sem telja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 felist \u00ed d\u00f3minum \u00feykir r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a vi\u00f0 reglur kosningalaga eins og \u00fe\u00e6r eru n\u00fana, en h\u00f6fundur telur a\u00f0 \u00e6tla ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a d\u00f3ms MDE hef\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00fa sama \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00e6r reglur hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 \u00ed gildi \u00feegar kosningarnar 2021 f\u00f3ru fram.<\/p>\n

\u00cd 132. gr. segir:<\/p>\n

Al\u00feingi \u00farskur\u00f0ar um gildi al\u00feingiskosninga, kj\u00f6rgengi \u00feingmanna og kosningu \u00feeirra a\u00f0 eigin frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a \u00e1 grundvelli framkominnar k\u00e6ru. \u00de\u00e1 sker Al\u00feingi enn fremur \u00far um gildi \u00e1greiningsse\u00f0la.<\/p>\n

Landskj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rn leggur fyrir Al\u00feingi r\u00f6kstudda ums\u00f6gn um k\u00e6rur \u00fat af gildi kosninga og um mat \u00e1 kj\u00f6rgengi n\u00fdkj\u00f6rinna \u00feingmanna og gildi \u00e1greiningsse\u00f0la. Landskj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rn l\u00e6tur Al\u00feingi enn fremur \u00ed t\u00e9 \u00f6ll \u00feau g\u00f6gn og uppl\u00fdsingar sem \u00fea\u00f0 hefur \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir vi\u00f0 umfj\u00f6llun s\u00edna samkv\u00e6mt \u00feessari grein.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Al\u00feingi ber a\u00f0 \u00f3gilda kosningu \u00feingmanns: (1) ef hann skortir kj\u00f6rgengi, (2) ef \u00feeir gallar eru \u00e1 frambo\u00f0i e\u00f0a kosningu hans sem l\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 hafi haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00farslit kosningarinnar, (3) ef galla \u00e1 frambo\u00f0i e\u00f0a kosningu hans m\u00e1 rekja til verulegra misfellna sem hann sj\u00e1lfur, umbo\u00f0smenn hans e\u00f0a me\u00f0m\u00e6lendur eiga v\u00edsvitandi s\u00f6k \u00e1, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hafi ekki haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00farslit kosninganna; var\u00f0i misfellurnar listann \u00ed heild fer eins um alla \u00feingmenn sem kosnir voru af listanum, (4) ef hann hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed kj\u00f6ri \u00e1 tveimur listum \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi e\u00f0a kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mum vi\u00f0 hinar s\u00f6mu al\u00feingiskosningar. N\u00fa hefur Al\u00feingi \u00farskur\u00f0a\u00f0 kosningu heils lista \u00ed kj\u00f6rd\u00e6mi \u00f3gilda, og skal \u00fe\u00e1 uppkosning fara \u00fear fram.<\/p>\n

\u00c1kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 um hlutverk Landskj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnar \u00ed 2. mgr. greinarinnar er n\u00fdm\u00e6li sem byggist \u00e1 \u00feeirri framkv\u00e6md sem m\u00f3tast haf\u00f0i vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 kj\u00f6rbr\u00e9fanefndar \u00e1 k\u00e6rum vegna gildi al\u00feingiskosninga og me\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00e1greiningsse\u00f0la, um a\u00f0 afla\u00f0 s\u00e9 umsagnar landskj\u00f6rstj\u00f3rnar sem l\u00e1ti Al\u00feingi \u00ed t\u00e9 r\u00f6kstudda ums\u00f6gn um k\u00e6rur \u00fat af gildi kosninga og mati \u00e1 kj\u00f6rgengi fulltr\u00faa og \u00e1greiningsse\u00f0lum. Efnislega er \u00fev\u00ed ekki s\u00e1 munur \u00e1 \u00feeim l\u00f6gum sem giltu 2021 \u00feegar kosningarnar f\u00f3ru fram og \u00feeim sem n\u00fa gilda a\u00f0 \u00farslitum r\u00e1\u00f0i. Af \u00fev\u00ed lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 reikna ver\u00f0ur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a MDE hef\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00fa sama \u00fe\u00f3tt 132. gr. laga\u00a0 112\/2021 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00ed gildi \u00feegar kosningarnar f\u00f3ru fram 2021.<\/p>\n

Verkefni\u00f0 framundan<\/em><\/p>\n

Hi\u00f0 fyrsta er a\u00f0 borga b\u00e6tur og m\u00e1lskostna\u00f0 til k\u00e6renda \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 sem fram kemur \u00ed d\u00f3mi MDE. \u00de\u00e1 er a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 breytingum innanlands sem mi\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 sagan endurtaki sig. Upphaf \u00feeirrar vinnu er a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt er a\u00f0 koma \u00ed gegn breytingum \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 (ef \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 vilji til \u00feess yfirh\u00f6fu\u00f0) vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r \u00fearf a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkja \u00e1 tveimur \u00feingum me\u00f0 kosningum \u00e1 milli. N\u00e6stu kosningar til Al\u00feingis fara \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega fram a\u00f0 \u00f3breyttri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. \u00deetta lei\u00f0ir til \u00feess a\u00f0 byrja ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a hvort m\u00f6gulegt er a\u00f0 gera breytingar sem mi\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fulln\u00e6gt ver\u00f0i \u00feeim sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0um sem fram koma \u00ed d\u00f3mi MDE \u00e1n breytinga \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. Sl\u00edk endursko\u00f0un \u00e1 \u00feingskaparl\u00f6gum (og\/e\u00f0a eftir atvikum kosningal\u00f6gum) \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 hafa tvenns konar markmi\u00f0. \u00cd fyrsta lagi a\u00f0 leitast vi\u00f0 tryggja \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6gni svo sem kostur er, svo sem me\u00f0 reglum um a\u00f0 \u00feingmenn sem eiga beinna og auglj\u00f3sra hagsmuna af ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0unni taki ekki \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed atkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 setja \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i um \u00f6flun \u00e1lita utana\u00f0komandi a\u00f0ila til a\u00f0 undirbyggja \u00f3hlutdr\u00e6ga ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u svo sem kostur er, n\u00e1nari reglur um undirb\u00faning \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar, heimildir k\u00e6renda til a\u00f0 tala m\u00e1li s\u00ednu o.fl. Hitt verkefni\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00fatf\u00e6ra n\u00e1nari reglur \u00ed l\u00f6g um hven\u00e6r og hvers konar \u00e1gallar \u00e1 framkv\u00e6md kosninga geti leitt til \u00f3gildingar \u00feeirra, sem s\u00e9u til \u00feess fallnar a\u00f0 takmarka svigr\u00fam \u00feingmanna til mats, svo sem kostur er, \u00feegar \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un er tekin. Meginvandinn vi\u00f0 frekari \u00fatfr\u00e6slu er a\u00f0 gera \u00feetta \u00feannig a\u00f0 ekki ver\u00f0i gengi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vald sem \u00feingi\u00f0 hefur \u00ed \u00feessum efnum samkv\u00e6mt \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0i 46. gr. stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar.<\/p>\n

N\u00fa m\u00e1 l\u00e1ta s\u00e9r detta \u00ed hug \u00fdmsar breytingar \u00e1 l\u00f6gum. \u00dea\u00f0 er varla verkefni fyrir \u00f3breyttan bloggara a\u00f0 setja fram mismunandi hugmyndir um \u00fea\u00f0 og r\u00e6\u00f0a kosti \u00feeirra og galla, e\u00f0a rannsaka h\u00e9r og n\u00fa \u00edtarlega hvort \u00fe\u00e6r samr\u00e6mast stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. Au\u00f0veldara er fyrir l\u00f6gl\u00e6r\u00f0a a\u00f0 vinna sl\u00edkt verkefni \u00feegar fyrir liggur hvert stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lin vilja stefna \u00ed \u00feessum efnum.<\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0 sem l\u00ed\u00f0ur m\u00f6guleikum \u00e1 a\u00f0 koma til m\u00f3ts vi\u00f0 kr\u00f6fur d\u00f3ms MDE me\u00f0 breytingum \u00e1 almennum l\u00f6gum, \u00e1n breytinga \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1, m\u00e1 vel f\u00e6ra fyrir \u00fev\u00ed r\u00f6k a\u00f0 \u00f6ruggast til lengri t\u00edma liti\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 breytingum \u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0um stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r og fela endanlegt \u00farskur\u00f0arvald d\u00f3mst\u00f3lum (H\u00e6star\u00e9tti) e\u00f0a atvikum s\u00e9rstakri \u201ekj\u00f6rnefnd\u201c sem sett yr\u00f0i s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 f\u00f3t \u00ed \u00feessu skyni, sem ef til vill v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00e1 kosin af Al\u00feingi.<\/p>\n

L\u00e6t \u00feetta annars n\u00e6gja um \u00feetta m\u00e1l \u00ed bili.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00e9r fer \u00e9g nokkrum or\u00f0um um d\u00f3m Mannr\u00e9ttindad\u00f3mst\u00f3ls Evr\u00f3pu \u00ed m\u00e1li Gu\u00f0mundar Gunnarssonar og Magn\u00fasar Nor\u00f0dahl gegn \u00cdslandi sem kve\u00f0inn var upp 16. apr\u00edl sl. Ger\u00f0 er grein fyrir reglum sem gilda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi um \u00farlausnarvald um l\u00f6gm\u00e6ti kj\u00f6rs einstakra … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-840","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","hentry","category-oflokkad","post_format-post-format-link"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/840","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=840"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/840\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1159,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/840\/revisions\/1159"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=840"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=840"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=840"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}