{"id":983,"date":"2025-01-06T11:49:23","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T11:49:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/?p=983"},"modified":"2025-01-15T11:36:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-15T11:36:39","slug":"sagnfraedi-i-vidtengingarhaetti-thatidar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/2025\/01\/06\/sagnfraedi-i-vidtengingarhaetti-thatidar\/","title":{"rendered":"Sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1skildagat\u00ed\u00f0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ein \u00feeirra b\u00f3ka sem kom upp \u00far j\u00f3lap\u00f6kkunum hj\u00e1 m\u00e9r var\u00a0Churchill \u2013 Stj\u00f3rnvitringurinn frams\u00fdni<\/em>. H\u00f6fundur hennar er James C. Humes. Upphaflega kom \u00feessi b\u00f3k \u00fat 2012 en kom \u00fat n\u00fa fyrir j\u00f3l \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu Magn\u00fasar \u00de\u00f3rs Hafsteinssonar. Forlagi\u00f0 gefur \u00fat.<\/p>\n

H\u00f6fundurinn b\u00f3karinnar var bandar\u00edskur l\u00f6gfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur og rith\u00f6fundur. Hann var einn af r\u00e6\u00f0uskrifurum fyrir forseta Bandar\u00edkjanna \u00fe\u00e1 Dwight Eisenhowers, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan og George Bush eldri. Form\u00e1li a\u00f0 ritinu er eftir David Eisenhower sem f\u00e6ddur er 1948 en hann var barnabarn Dwights D. Eisenhower forseta. Mun sumardvalarsta\u00f0ur forseta Bandar\u00edkjanna\u00a0Camp David<\/em>\u00a0vera nefndur eftir \u00feessu barnabarni Eisenhowers.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar Google er spurt um 10 mestu \u00a0stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lask\u00f6runga 20. aldar er Winston Churchill (1874-1965) yfirleitt \u00e1 \u00feeim listum sem koma fram \u00ed leitarni\u00f0ust\u00f6\u00f0um. \u00dear er l\u00edka algengt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 Roosevelt Bandar\u00edkjaforseta, bl\u00f6kkumannalei\u00f0togann Martin Luther King, Nelson Mandela forseta Su\u00f0ur Afr\u00edku, Mahatma Gandhi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ishetju Indverja og helsta lei\u00f0toga Tyrkja Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk. \u00ddmsir fleiri birtast \u00e1 \u00feessum listum sem ekki ver\u00f0a nefndir h\u00e9r. Ekki vir\u00f0ist mikill \u00e1greiningur um a\u00f0 Churchill eigi heima \u00e1 topp t\u00edu listanum og ekki mun \u00e9g draga r\u00e9ttm\u00e6ti \u00feess \u00ed efa.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3kin er ekki \u00e6visaga Churchill en \u00fe\u00e6r eru til all margar og mismunandi \u00edtarlegar. Markmi\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feessari b\u00f3k s\u00fdnist vera a\u00f0 teikna upp mynd af Churchill sem sp\u00e1manni sem, me\u00f0 mikla s\u00f6gu\u00feekkingu a\u00f0 vopni, s\u00e1 lengra inn \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0ina en a\u00f0rir stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lask\u00f6rungar. \u00cd b\u00f3kinn er fjalla\u00f0 um m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi \u00far l\u00f6ngum\u00a0 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1laferli Churchills um r\u00edka sp\u00e1d\u00f3msg\u00e1fu hans.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3kin hefst me\u00f0 fr\u00e1s\u00f6gn af sk\u00f3laritger\u00f0 sem Churchill skrifa\u00f0 vel fyrir aldam\u00f3tin 1900 \u00fear sem hann bo\u00f0a\u00f0i a\u00f0 brj\u00f3tast myndi \u00fat heimstyrj\u00f6ld sem myndi standa lengi og einkennast af skotgrafaherna\u00f0i og hrikalegu mannfalli, me\u00f0an a\u00f0rir ger\u00f0u r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir skammvinnu str\u00ed\u00f0i. Vi\u00f0 vitum \u00f6ll a\u00f0 \u00feetta \u00e1tti eftir a\u00f0 r\u00e6tast. S\u00ed\u00f0asti sp\u00e1d\u00f3murinn sem h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar telur a\u00f0 hafi r\u00e6st hafi komi\u00f0 fram \u00ed r\u00e6\u00f0u Churchills flutti \u00ed London 1957, stuttu eftir a\u00f0 Sov\u00e9tmenn r\u00e9\u00f0ust inn \u00ed Ungverjaland. \u00dear bo\u00f0a\u00f0i hann a\u00f0 S\u00de v\u00e6ru a\u00f0 breytast \u00ed gagnslaus samt\u00f6k \u00fear sem einr\u00e6\u00f0isherrar hef\u00f0u yfirh\u00f6ndina frj\u00e1lsar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir yr\u00f0u a\u00f0 leita lei\u00f0a s\u00edn \u00e1 milli til takast af skynsemi vi\u00f0 \u00farlaunarefni heimsins. Hmm..?, j\u00fa en S\u00de hafa aldrei henta\u00f0 st\u00f3rveldum s\u00e9rstaklega vel hvort sem er og bera sj\u00e1lf mesta \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 draga \u00far \u00feeim v\u00edgtennurnar. \u00dearna \u00e1 milli rekur b\u00f3karh\u00f6fundur m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um stj\u00f3rnvisku Churchills og frams\u00fdni. Raki\u00f0 a\u00f0 hann hafi s\u00e9\u00f0 fyrir s\u00e9r \u00fdmsar breytingar \u00e1 herna\u00f0i, svo me\u00f0 skri\u00f0drekum, flugv\u00e9lum, kjarnorkuvopn o.s.frv. \u00de\u00e1 er nefnt a\u00f0 Churchill var \u00f3\u00fereytandi \u00e1 4. \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 \u00f3gnir \u00fe\u00e6r sem fri\u00f0i \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu stafa\u00f0i af\u00a0 uppgangi Nasismans og Hitlers \u00ed \u00de\u00fdskalandi. Ekki v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fri\u00f0m\u00e6last vi\u00f0 sl\u00edkan manna og betur f\u00e6ri \u00e1 a\u00f0 Bretland byggi sig undir \u00e1t\u00f6k. Allt \u00feetta reyndist vera r\u00e9tt hj\u00e1 Churchill en leysir samt ekki \u00far \u00feeirri spurningu hvort \u00feetta hef\u00f0i einhverju breytt um \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e1 eftir kom og enn s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1 hvernig og hvort betra hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0. M\u00e9r vir\u00f0ast skilabo\u00f0in me\u00f0 b\u00f3kinni, ef \u00feau eru einhver \u00f6nnur en a\u00f0 upphefja Churchill \u00e1 kostna\u00f0 samfer\u00f0amanna hans, vera \u00feau a\u00f0 hef\u00f0u menn veri\u00f0 duglegri a\u00f0 hlusta \u00e1 hann hef\u00f0i \u00fdmislegt fari\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi og \u00fe\u00e1 v\u00e6ntanlega betur en \u00fea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i \u00ed raun.<\/p>\n

Sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar hafa e\u00f0lilega st\u00fadera\u00f0 Churchill fr\u00e1 mismunandi sj\u00f3narhornum og f\u00e1ir draga \u00ed efa a\u00f0 \u00fear hafi fari\u00f0 mikill stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lask\u00f6rungur. Honum hefur l\u00edka veri\u00f0 fundi\u00f0 \u00fdmislegt til for\u00e1ttu, me\u00f0 r\u00e9ttu e\u00f0a r\u00f6ngu, sem l\u00edtt e\u00f0a ekki er raki\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00f3kinni. \u00deannig hafa vi\u00f0horf hans \u00e1 k\u00f6flum veri\u00f0 talin ras\u00edsk og a\u00f0 hann hafi r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tt heimsvalda- og n\u00fdlendustefnu stefnu Breta me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir v\u00e6ru \u00ed fararbroddi kyn\u00fe\u00e1tta heimsins samkv\u00e6mt \u00fer\u00f3unarkenningu Darwins. Ekki kannski alveg me\u00f0 \u00feessum or\u00f0um, en n\u00e6stum \u00fev\u00ed. Sumir segja hann hafa tala\u00f0 fyrir notkun eiturefnavopna, s\u00e9rstaklega gagnvart \u00fev\u00ed sem hann taldi van\u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0a (uncivilised) kyn\u00fe\u00e6tti. \u00de\u00e1 hefur hann me\u00f0al annarra veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0ur \u00e1byrgur fyrir hungursney\u00f0inni \u00ed Bengal 1943 \u00fear sem um \u00e1 \u00feri\u00f0ju millj\u00f3n manna ur\u00f0u hungurmor\u00f0a, sem hann s\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 auglj\u00f3slega ekki fyrir, en deilt er um \u00fe\u00e1tt hans \u00ed \u00feessu.\u00a0 Enn hafa menn lesi\u00f0 Gy\u00f0ingahatur \u00fat \u00far \u00fdmsu sem hann l\u00e9t fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r, sem \u00f3beit og ford\u00f3ma gagnvart Islam. \u00de\u00e1 \u00feykir m\u00f6rgum sem hann hafi sta\u00f0i\u00f0 illa a\u00f0 m\u00e1lum var\u00f0andi \u00cdrland og \u00fdmis innanlandsm\u00e1l \u00ed Bretlandi.<\/p>\n

Eitt enn skal nefnt en \u00fea\u00f0 eru fr\u00e6gar yfirl\u00fdsingar Churchills um Gandhi, sem n\u00fa er af m\u00f6rgum talinn einn merkasti stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lama\u00f0ur 20 aldarinnar. \u00deykja \u00fe\u00e6r sumar l\u00edtt bo\u00f0legar og gegns\u00fdr\u00f0ar af kyn\u00fe\u00e1ttahyggju og ford\u00f3mum me\u00f0 r\u00e6tur \u00ed heimsvaldap\u00f3lit\u00edk Breta \u00e1 Victor\u00edut\u00edmabilinu \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. Anthony Eden, s\u00ed\u00f0ar fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra, sem var ungur og upprennandi \u00ed breska \u00cdhaldsflokkum \u00e1 fyrri hluta fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratugar s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar vantreysti Churchill \u00e1 \u00feessum \u00e1rum vegna tengsla \u00feess s\u00ed\u00f0arnefna vi\u00f0 har\u00f0l\u00ednu h\u00e6gri \u00f6fl \u00ed flokknum. Eden l\u00e9t hafa eftir s\u00e9r: \u00a0\u201eF\u00f3lk spyr stundum hvers vegna \u00ed \u00f3sk\u00f6punum var ekki hlusta\u00f0 betur \u00e1 Churchill \u00feegar hann vara\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Hitler \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1ratugarins. J\u00fa \u00fea\u00f0 var vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hann vi\u00f0haf\u00f0i alveg sama talsm\u00e1ta um Gandhi \u00e1 fyrri \u00e1rum \u00feessa sama \u00e1ratugar.\u201c \u00deannig a\u00f0 j\u00e1, ef Churchill hef\u00f0i ekki \u00e1\u00f0ur veri\u00f0 b\u00fainn a\u00f0 tala svona illa um h\u00e1lfnaki\u00f0 og hora\u00f0 \"l\u00e1gmenni\u00f0\" hann Mahatma Gandhi hef\u00f0u menn kannski hlusta\u00f0 betur \u00e1 hann \u00feegar hann h\u00f3f r\u00e6\u00f0ur s\u00ednar um Adolf Hitler! Og kannski hef\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 saga heimsins or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f6nnur en h\u00fan var\u00f0 og m\u00f6gulega betri. Hver veit?<\/p>\n

En j\u00e1, vissulega var Churchill mikill lei\u00f0togi sinnar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 erfi\u00f0um t\u00edmum vi\u00f0 upphaf s\u00ed\u00f0ari heimstyrjaldar \u00feegar \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0verjar h\u00f3fu \u00e1r\u00e1sir \u00e1 Bretland og hvatti \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00edna til d\u00e1\u00f0a. Hann haf\u00f0i og margh\u00e1ttu\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ganga heimsm\u00e1la, einkum undir lok styrjaldarinnar. Hafa Bretar hampa\u00f0 Churchill ver\u00f0skulda\u00f0 sem einum s\u00ednum mesta stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lask\u00f6rungi \u00e1 20 \u00f6ld \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feeir hafi sett hann af sem fors\u00e6tir\u00e1\u00f0herra eftir \u00feingkosningar 5. j\u00fal\u00ed 1945, strax \u00ed lok str\u00ed\u00f0sins, en \u00fe\u00e1 haf\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 kosi\u00f0 til \u00feings \u00fear \u00ed landi s\u00ed\u00f0an 1935. \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn gengur upphafningin b\u00fdsna langt \u00ed \u00feessari b\u00f3k Humes sem h\u00e9r er til umr\u00e6\u00f0u og Churchill birtist okkur sem n\u00e1nast \u00f3skeikull sk\u00f6rungur sem s\u00e1 allt miklu betur og lengra fram \u00ed t\u00edmann en a\u00f0rir. T\u00fdnd eru til valin d\u00e6mi \u00feessu til stu\u00f0nings. S\u00ed\u00f0an er dregin upp s\u00fa mynd a\u00f0 ef menn hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 duglegri a\u00f0 hlusta \u00e1 Churchill hef\u00f0i margt fari\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi en \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3r og\u00a0 heimurinn l\u00edkast til annar og betri en hann er n\u00fa. B\u00f3kin er \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 st\u00f3rum hluta sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1skildagat\u00ed\u00f0 sem gengur \u00fat \u00e1 a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra \u00fat fyrir lesandanum a\u00f0 hef\u00f0u hlutirnir veri\u00f0 \u00e1 annan veg en \u00feeir voru, hef\u00f0u \u00feeir fari\u00f0 \u00e1 allt annan h\u00e1tt. L\u00edklega er \u00fea\u00f0 alveg r\u00e9tt, \u00fe\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 vitum \u00ed raun ekkert um hvort \u00fea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 til hins betra e\u00f0a verra. \u00deessi b\u00f3k er t\u00e6plega miki\u00f0 meira en samkv\u00e6misleikur eins og sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1skildagat\u00ed\u00f0 gjarnan er.<\/p>\n

B\u00f3kin, sem samt er alveg \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 aflestrar \u00fear sem h\u00fan v\u00edsar til margra st\u00e6rstu vi\u00f0bur\u00f0a \u00ed stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1las\u00f6gu heimsins \u00e1 20. \u00f6ld og veitir \u00feannig t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri til a\u00f0 rifja \u00fe\u00e1 upp og horfa \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 fr\u00e1 sj\u00f3narh\u00f3li Churchill, \u00fe.e. n\u00e1nar eins og h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar s\u00e9r \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00f3narhorn fyrir s\u00e9r. H\u00fan er samt sm\u00e1 einkennileg og raunar a\u00f0 mestu gagnr\u00fdnislaus lofrulla um Churchill, sem \u00e9g er ekkert viss um a\u00f0 hann hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega hrifinn af sj\u00e1lfur.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ein \u00feeirra b\u00f3ka sem kom upp \u00far j\u00f3lap\u00f6kkunum hj\u00e1 m\u00e9r var\u00a0Churchill \u2013 Stj\u00f3rnvitringurinn frams\u00fdni. H\u00f6fundur hennar er James C. Humes. Upphaflega kom \u00feessi b\u00f3k \u00fat 2012 en kom \u00fat n\u00fa fyrir j\u00f3l \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu Magn\u00fasar \u00de\u00f3rs Hafsteinssonar. Forlagi\u00f0 gefur … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1298,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"link","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[759],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-983","post","type-post","status-publish","format-link","hentry","category-oflokkad","post_format-post-format-link"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1298"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=983"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1016,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/983\/revisions\/1016"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=983"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=983"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/davidth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=983"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}