{"id":1476,"date":"2019-08-15T08:49:38","date_gmt":"2019-08-15T08:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=1476"},"modified":"2021-06-04T11:53:59","modified_gmt":"2021-06-04T11:53:59","slug":"opna-og-loka-hurd-eda-dyrum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2019\/08\/15\/opna-og-loka-hurd-eda-dyrum\/","title":{"rendered":"Opna og loka hur\u00f0 e\u00f0a dyrum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dev\u00ed er oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201e\u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c \u2013 og \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi rangt \u2013a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 <em>opna hur\u00f0ina<\/em> og <em>loka hur\u00f0inni<\/em><em> vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hur\u00f0in<\/em><em> s\u00e9 ekki op, heldur fleki sem er nota\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 loka dyrum<\/em><em>. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em><em> er sagt<\/em> \u201ee\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 <strong>opna<\/strong> og <strong>loka dyrunum<\/strong> sem ma\u00f0ur fer inn um (eins og tala\u00f0 er um a\u00f0 opna og loka gati e\u00f0a opi). S\u00ed\u00f0ur skyldi segja: \u201eopna hur\u00f0ina, loka hur\u00f0inni\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li var tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 <em>opna<\/em>, <em>loka<\/em> og <em>l\u00faka upp\/aftur hur\u00f0um<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd <em>Eyrbyggju <\/em>segir \u201eHur\u00f0in var opin en heimakona ein var \u00ed dyrunum\u201c, \u00ed <em>Sturlungu <\/em>segir \u201eHann skyldi geyma a\u00f0 hur\u00f0ir v\u00e6ru opnar ef \u00feeir \u00deorvar\u00f0ur k\u00e6mu \u00fear um n\u00f3ttina\u201c, \u00ed <em>Laxd\u00e6lu <\/em>segir \u201eh\u00e9r hafa hur\u00f0ir veri\u00f0 loknar eftir \u00feessum manni\u201c og \u201e\u00deeir l\u00faka aftur hur\u00f0ina og taka vopn s\u00edn\u201c og svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja. Mikill fj\u00f6ldi d\u00e6ma um <em>opna<\/em>\/<em>loka<\/em> <em>hur\u00f0<\/em> er l\u00edka \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, fr\u00e1 19. \u00f6ld og allar g\u00f6tur s\u00ed\u00f0an. Einnig m\u00e1 nefna d\u00e6mi \u00far b\u00f3kmenntum \u2013 \u201eOpnar \u00d6ngull hur\u00f0\u201c kva\u00f0 Hannes P\u00e9tursson \u00ed kv\u00e6\u00f0inu \u201e\u00cd Grettisb\u00fari\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd \u00fdmsum or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum sem \u00feykja g\u00f3\u00f0 og gild m\u00e6tti l\u00edka halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 notkun or\u00f0anna <em>hur\u00f0<\/em> og <em>dyr<\/em> s\u00e9 ekki \u201er\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c. \u00dea\u00f0 er tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 <em>berja \u00e1 dyr<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>berja a\u00f0 dyrum<\/em> enda \u00fe\u00f3tt venjulega s\u00e9 bari\u00f0 \u00e1 hur\u00f0ina, ekki dyrnar. Eins er tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 <em>drepa \u00e1 dyr<\/em> og <em>kn\u00fdja dyra<\/em> \u2013 \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00ed <em>Grettis s\u00f6gu<\/em> segi Illugi reyndar \u201eKn\u00fdr H\u00f6smagi hur\u00f0 br\u00f3\u00f0ir\u201c. <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankinn<\/em> segir l\u00edka \u201eB\u00e6\u00f0i er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 <strong>l\u00e6sa hur\u00f0<\/strong> og <strong>l\u00e6sa dyrum<\/strong> enda er l\u00e1s \u00e1 hvorutveggja\u201c \u2013 sem fer reyndar eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvernig <em>l\u00e1s <\/em>er skilgreindur.<\/p>\n<p>Sagnirnar <em>opna<\/em> og <em>loka<\/em> fela vitanlega \u00ed s\u00e9r hreyfingu e\u00f0a breytingu \u00e1 \u00e1standi, og \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00f3neitanlega sta\u00f0a hur\u00f0arinnar sem breytist en ekki dyranna. \u00deess vegna er ekki auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 einhver r\u00f6kleysa felist \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota <em>hur\u00f0<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessum samb\u00f6ndum. En \u00fea\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g athyglisvert a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a muninn \u00e1 <em>loka<\/em> og <em>opna<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessu samhengi \u00ed tveimur gr\u00ed\u00f0arst\u00f3rum textas\u00f6fnum \u2013 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> og <em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em>. S\u00e9 a\u00f0eins liti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ar sagnmyndir kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 hlutfall d\u00e6ma um <em>hur\u00f0 <\/em>me\u00f0 <em>loka<\/em> er 38-39%, en talsvert l\u00e6gra me\u00f0 <em>opna<\/em>, e\u00f0a kringum 26-27%.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er sem s\u00e9 talsvert algengara hlutfallslega a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 <em>loka hur\u00f0<\/em> en <em>opna hur\u00f0<\/em>, og merkilegt a\u00f0 hlutf\u00f6llin eru n\u00e1nast \u00feau s\u00f6mu \u00ed b\u00e1\u00f0um s\u00f6fnunum \u00fe\u00f3tt textarnir \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> spanni 200 \u00e1r en<em> Risam\u00e1lheildin<\/em> taki a\u00f0allega til texta fr\u00e1 21. \u00f6ld<em>. <\/em>En munurinn \u00e1 <em>loka<\/em> og <em>opna<\/em> er athyglisver\u00f0ur og \u00e9g hef \u00e1 tilfinningunni a\u00f0 hann s\u00e9 ekki tilviljun. \u00deegar \u00fearf a\u00f0 <em>loka<\/em> er hur\u00f0in og hreyfing hennar meira \u00ed f\u00f3kus en \u00feegar \u00fearf a\u00f0 <em>opna<\/em> beinist athyglin meira a\u00f0 dyrunum.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta styrkist enn frekar \u00feegar sko\u00f0u\u00f0 eru d\u00e6mi me\u00f0 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i, <em>loku\u00f0<\/em>\/<em>opin hur\u00f0<\/em> og <em>loka\u00f0ar<\/em>\/<em>opnar dyr<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 eru s\u00e1raf\u00e1 d\u00e6mi um <em>hur\u00f0<\/em> \u00ed sl\u00edkum samb\u00f6ndum \u2013 um e\u00f0a innan vi\u00f0 4% af heildinni. \u00dear er um kyrrst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa \u00e1standi en ekki hreyfingu. Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hreyfingin vir\u00f0ist vera forsenda \u00feeirrar tilhneigingar a\u00f0 nota <em>hur\u00f0<\/em> fremur en <em>dyr<\/em> me\u00f0 <em>loka<\/em> og <em>opna<\/em> er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 \u00feeirrar tilhneigingar g\u00e6ti l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00feegar hreyfingin er ekki til sta\u00f0ar.<\/p>\n<p>Merkingarleg skil <em>dyra<\/em> og <em>hur\u00f0ar <\/em>hafa \u00fev\u00ed alltaf veri\u00f0 \u00f3sk\u00fdr og or\u00f0in l\u00f6ngum geta\u00f0 komi\u00f0 hvort \u00ed annars sta\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fdmsum samb\u00f6ndum. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed engin fur\u00f0a a\u00f0 upp komi d\u00e6mi eins og <em>standa \u00ed hur\u00f0inni<\/em>, <em>ganga \u00fat um hur\u00f0ina<\/em> o.fl. \u00c9g m\u00e6li samt ekki me\u00f0 sl\u00edkum d\u00e6mum og fyndist \u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 halda sig vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala um <em>dyr<\/em> \u00ed \u00feeim. Hins vegar finnst m\u00e9r alveg einbo\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 <em>opna hur\u00f0ina<\/em> og <em>loka hur\u00f0inni<\/em> s\u00e9 tali\u00f0 gott og gilt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dev\u00ed er oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201e\u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c \u2013 og \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi rangt \u2013a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 opna hur\u00f0ina og loka hur\u00f0inni vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 hur\u00f0in s\u00e9 ekki op, heldur fleki sem er nota\u00f0ur til a\u00f0 loka dyrum. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum er sagt \u201ee\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 opna og loka dyrunum sem ma\u00f0ur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635,158638],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1476","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar","category-malvillur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1476"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3920,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1476\/revisions\/3920"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1476"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1476"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1476"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}