\u00dev\u00ed er oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00edslenska hafi breyst mj\u00f6g l\u00edti\u00f0 fr\u00e1 t\u00edma elstu var\u00f0veittra texta til dagsins \u00ed dag. \u00deegar vi\u00f0 lesum \u00fatg\u00e1fur \u00edslenskra fornb\u00f3kmennta ver\u00f0ur ekki betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en \u00feessi sko\u00f0un eigi vi\u00f0 r\u00f6k a\u00f0 sty\u00f0jast; au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er alltaf eitthva\u00f0 um or\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 skiljum ekki, en \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um m\u00e1 samt segja a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 getum lesi\u00f0 venjulega forna s\u00f6gutexta. \u00deegar komi\u00f0 er \u00fat \u00ed lagam\u00e1l og \u00fev\u00eduml\u00edkt getur r\u00f3\u00f0urinn a\u00f0 v\u00edsu fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feyngjast. En h\u00e9r er tvennt sem blekkir, og l\u00e6tur okkur halda a\u00f0 munurinn s\u00e9 minni en hann raunverulega er.<\/p>\n
Eitt er \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi m\u00e1lsins hefur breyst mj\u00f6g verulega. B\u00e6\u00f0i standa einstakir stafir n\u00fa \u00ed m\u00f6rgum tilvikum fyrir anna\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0gildi en a\u00f0 fornu; \u00fe\u00e1 t\u00e1kna\u00f0i \u00e1<\/em> t.d. langt a<\/em>, \u00e9<\/em> t\u00e1kna\u00f0i langt e<\/em> o.s.frv.; og eins hefur hlj\u00f3\u00f0gildi \u00e1kve\u00f0inna t\u00e1kna breyst \u00ed \u00e1kve\u00f0num samb\u00f6ndum. \u00deannig t\u00e1knar stafurinn f<\/em> n\u00fa sama hlj\u00f3\u00f0 og b<\/em> ef hann stendur \u00e1 undan l <\/em>og n<\/em>, \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og hefla<\/em> og nafn<\/em>, en a\u00f0 fornu t\u00e1kna\u00f0i hann sama hlj\u00f3\u00f0 og v<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessum samb\u00f6ndum, eins og hann gerir enn \u00e1 undan r<\/em>, \u00f0<\/em> og s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0um, \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og hafrar<\/em>, lif\u00f0i<\/em> og hafa<\/em>.<\/p>\n \u00deessar breytingar \u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfinu, og fj\u00f6lmargar a\u00f0rar, koma ekki fram \u00ed stafsetningunni \u2013 \u00edslensk stafsetning endurspeglar \u00ed raun hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi 13. aldar frekar en hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls. \u00deess vegna gerum vi\u00f0 okkur ekki grein fyrir breytingunum \u00feegar vi\u00f0 lesum \u00fatg\u00e1fur fornra texta, en \u00fe\u00e6r myndu \u00fe\u00f3 n\u00e6gja til \u00feess, a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 g\u00e6tum t\u00e6plega e\u00f0a ekki skili\u00f0 forn\u00edslensku ef vi\u00f0 heyr\u00f0um hana tala\u00f0a, n\u00e9 heldur myndu fornmenn skilja okkur.<\/p>\n Anna\u00f0 atri\u00f0i sem skiptir ekki minna m\u00e1li er \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugmyndir flestra um fornm\u00e1li\u00f0 eru ekki komnar beint \u00far handritum, heldur \u00far \u00fatg\u00e1fum sem \u00fdmist nota svonefnda \u201esamr\u00e6mda stafsetningu forna\u201c e\u00f0a n\u00fat\u00edmastafsetningu. Og \u00feessar \u00fatg\u00e1fur eru fr\u00e1brug\u00f0nar handritunum sj\u00e1lfum \u00ed veigamiklum atri\u00f0um. \u00cd fyrsta lagi var ekki til a\u00f0 fornu neitt sem kallast m\u00e1 \u201esamr\u00e6md stafsetning\u201c \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmaskilningi. Rith\u00e1ttur er me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu m\u00f3ti og \u00fea\u00f0 krefst oft t\u00f6luver\u00f0rar \u00fatsj\u00f3narsemi og \u00feekkingar a\u00f0 komast \u00ed gegnum \u00fatg\u00e1fur \u00fear sem texta handritanna er fylgt staf fyrir staf.<\/p>\n \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0ru lagi \u201elei\u00f0r\u00e9tta\u201c \u00fatgefendur i\u00f0ulega m\u00e1lfar handritanna. \u00cd form\u00e1la \u00fatg\u00e1fu Hins \u00edslenska fornritaf\u00e9lags \u00e1 Egils s\u00f6gu Skallagr\u00edmssonar<\/em> segir \u00fatgefandi t.d. a\u00f0 fyrir utan \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 samr\u00e6ma stafsetningu hafi hann lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt \u201ebers\u00fdnilegar pennavillur og sm\u00e1\u00farfellingar nau\u00f0synlegra or\u00f0a\u201c. En \u00fearna er i\u00f0ulega lei\u00f0r\u00e9tt eftir reglum n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls frekar en reglum fornm\u00e1ls. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur t.d. ekki betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en \u00fea\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 fullkomlega e\u00f0lilegt \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li \u2013 a.m.k. ritm\u00e1li, en um talm\u00e1li\u00f0 vitum vi\u00f0 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki \u2013 a\u00f0 sleppa pers\u00f3nuforn\u00f6fnum eins og \u00e9g<\/em>, hann<\/em> og h\u00fan<\/em>, v\u00ed\u00f0a \u00fear sem okkur finnst \u00feau nau\u00f0synleg.<\/p>\n \u00cd sl\u00edkum tilvikum skj\u00f3ta \u00fatgefendur forn\u00f6fnunum oft inn, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau s\u00e9u ekki \u00ed handriti. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 sl\u00edkar setningar eru algengar \u00ed fornum textum vir\u00f0ist h\u00e6pi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1lykta a\u00f0 alltaf s\u00e9 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a pennagl\u00f6p e\u00f0a brot \u00e1 reglu \u2013 l\u00edklegra er a\u00f0 reglur fornm\u00e1ls hafi einfaldlega veri\u00f0 a\u00f0rar en reglur n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls a\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti. Ef svo er, ver\u00f0a \u00feessar breytingar \u00fatgefenda au\u00f0vita\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 hinn raunverulegi munur fornm\u00e1ls og n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls minnkar \u00ed augum okkar.<\/p>\n \u00dear vi\u00f0 b\u00e6tist a\u00f0 hinar \u201ebers\u00fdnilegu pennavillur\u201c sem \u00e1\u00f0ur voru nefndar felast oft \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00fa v\u00e6ri kalla\u00f0 \u201em\u00e1lvillur\u201c, t.d. \u201erangri\u201c fallbeygingu. \u00cd Reykjab\u00f3k, einu helsta og elsta handrit Nj\u00e1lu<\/em>, fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1300 e\u00f0a litlu s\u00ed\u00f0ar, er t.d. a\u00f0 finna or\u00f0myndina f\u00f6\u00f0urs<\/em>, me\u00f0 s<\/em> \u00ed endann, sem n\u00fa er talin r\u00f6ng \u2013 en \u00ed \u00fatg\u00e1fum er \u00feessu yfirleitt breytt athugasemdalaust \u00ed f\u00f6\u00f0ur<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 sl\u00edkar breytingar, \u00fe\u00f3tt sm\u00e1v\u00e6gilegar vir\u00f0ist og jafnvel sj\u00e1lfsag\u00f0ar \u00ed flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i, hafa mikil \u00e1hrif \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1tt a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta okkur halda a\u00f0 fornm\u00e1li\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 miklu \u201ebetra\u201c e\u00f0a \u201ehreinna\u201c m\u00e1l en \u00fea\u00f0 var \u00ed raun og veru.<\/p>\n \u00deetta er ekki sagt til a\u00f0 gera l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00far gildi fornm\u00e1lsins \u00e1 einhvern h\u00e1tt e\u00f0a r\u00fdra \u00e1lit okkar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed. \u00c9g er bara a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum t\u00edmum hafa veri\u00f0 margs konar tilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Flestar n\u00fdjungar hafa v\u00e6ntanlega veri\u00f0 \u00e1litnar einhvers konar \u201evillur\u201c \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e6r komu upp, og sumar \u00feeirra hafa horfi\u00f0 aftur \u00far m\u00e1linu, en a\u00f0rar hafa n\u00e1\u00f0 yfirh\u00f6ndinni og teljast n\u00fa e\u00f0lilegt og r\u00e9tt m\u00e1l.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00dev\u00ed er oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00edslenska hafi breyst mj\u00f6g l\u00edti\u00f0 fr\u00e1 t\u00edma elstu var\u00f0veittra texta til dagsins \u00ed dag. \u00deegar vi\u00f0 lesum \u00fatg\u00e1fur \u00edslenskra fornb\u00f3kmennta ver\u00f0ur ekki betur s\u00e9\u00f0 en \u00feessi sko\u00f0un eigi vi\u00f0 r\u00f6k a\u00f0 sty\u00f0jast; au\u00f0vita\u00f0 er alltaf eitthva\u00f0 um or\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 skiljum ekki, en \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um m\u00e1 samt segja a\u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1489","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1489"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1489\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4746,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1489\/revisions\/4746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}