{"id":1611,"date":"2019-09-10T08:00:15","date_gmt":"2019-09-10T08:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=1611"},"modified":"2021-05-09T17:41:55","modified_gmt":"2021-05-09T17:41:55","slug":"gaefa-eda-gjorvuleiki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2019\/09\/10\/gaefa-eda-gjorvuleiki\/","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e6fa \u2013 e\u00f0a gj\u00f6rvuleiki"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fallnotkun me\u00f0 or\u00f0asambandinu <em>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/em> hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytast undanfari\u00f0. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li er frumlag \u00feess alltaf \u00ed nefnifalli \u2013 \u201e\u00fe\u00f3tti m\u00f6nnum \u00deorgils mikla g\u00e6fu hafa til bori\u00f0, a\u00f0 stilla sl\u00edka ofstopamenn\u201c segir \u00ed <em>Grettis s\u00f6gu<\/em> eftir a\u00f0 \u00deorgils \u00e1 Reykh\u00f3lum haf\u00f0i h\u00fdst \u00fe\u00e1 f\u00f3stbr\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00deorm\u00f3\u00f0 Kolbr\u00fanarsk\u00e1ld og \u00deorgeir H\u00e1varsson \u00e1samt Gretti sterka heilan vetur. \u201e\u00de\u00f3tti honum hinn mesti ska\u00f0i eftir Sighvat br\u00f3\u00f0ur sinn, sem var, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 \u00feeir b\u00e6ru ekki g\u00e6fu til sam\u00feykkis stundum s\u00edn \u00e1 milli\u201c segir \u00ed <em>Sturlungu<\/em> um vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 Snorra Sturlusonar vi\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttum af \u00d6rlygssta\u00f0abardaga.<\/p>\n<p>Elsta d\u00e6mi um aukafall me\u00f0 <em>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/em> sem \u00e9g hef rekist \u00e1 er \u00ed <em>Stormi <\/em>1929: \u201eef \u00feinginu ber g\u00e6fa til \u00feess a\u00f0 sam\u00feykkja \u00fea\u00f0\u201c. Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 taka \u00far <em>V\u00edsi<\/em> 1939: \u201e\u00feeir sem valdir eru a\u00f0 \u00feessum \u00f3farna\u00f0i halda \u00e1fram \u00ed sinni forher\u00f0ingu \u00fear til \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ina ber g\u00e6fu til a\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0va \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 fullu\u201c. F\u00e1ein d\u00e6mi eru um aukafall me\u00f0 \u00feessu sambandi \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is framan af, einkum eftir 1940, en eftir 1980 fer \u00feeim \u00f6rt fj\u00f6lgandi. \u00cd <a href=\"http:\/\/malheildir.arnastofnun.is\/#?lang=is-is\"><em>Risam\u00e1lheildinni<\/em><\/a> sem hefur einkum a\u00f0 geyma texta fr\u00e1 allra s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum eru allm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um aukafall me\u00f0 \u00feessu sambandi.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd d\u00e6minu \u00far <em>V\u00edsi<\/em> 1939 er nota\u00f0 \u00feolfall sem kemur ekki alveg \u00e1 \u00f3vart \u2013 \u00feegar aukafall kemur \u00ed sta\u00f0 nefnifalls \u00e1 frumlagi sagna er \u00fea\u00f0 fyrst \u00feolfall ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en \u00fe\u00e1gufall. <em>Mig hlakkar<\/em> og <em>mig kv\u00ed\u00f0ir<\/em> var eitt sinn algengara en <em>m\u00e9r hlakkar <\/em>og <em>m\u00e9r kv\u00ed\u00f0ir<\/em>. \u00cd <a href=\"http:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/72142\"><em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em><\/a>\u00a0er l\u00edka nota\u00f0 \u00feolfall \u00fear sem vara\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 \u00f3pers\u00f3nulegri notkun or\u00f0asambandsins: \u201eOr\u00f0asambandi\u00f0\u00a0<strong>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/strong>\u00a0er nota\u00f0 pers\u00f3nulega, ekki \u00f3pers\u00f3nulega. <em>H\u00fan bar ekki g\u00e6fu til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 \u00feennan fr\u00e6ga sta\u00f0<\/em>. Ekki: \u201eHana bar g\u00e6fu til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 \u00feennan fr\u00e6ga sta\u00f0\u201c.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>En ef aukafall er nota\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feessu sambandi \u00e1 anna\u00f0 bor\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 langoftast vera \u00fe\u00e1gufall. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu er oft ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skera \u00far um falli\u00f0, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist af einhverjum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um vera langalgengast \u00ed fyrstu pers\u00f3nu fleirt\u00f6lu og \u00fear eru \u00feolfall og \u00fe\u00e1gufall pers\u00f3nufornafnsins eins \u2013 \u00ed <em>okkur ber g\u00e6fa til<\/em> er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 segja hvort um \u00feolfall e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1gufall er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a nema nafnor\u00f0 fylgi me\u00f0, eins og \u00ed \u201eokkur bekkjarf\u00e9l\u00f6gunum bar g\u00e6fu til\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er merkilegt vi\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki bara frumlagsfalli\u00f0 sem breytist \u00far nefnifalli \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufall \u2013 fall andlagsins breytist i\u00f0ulega l\u00edka, \u00far \u00feolfalli \u00ed nefnifall. \u00cd sta\u00f0 <em>\u00e9g bar g\u00e6fu til<\/em> kemur <em>m\u00e9r bar g\u00e6fa til <\/em>eins og s\u00e9st \u00ed d\u00e6minu \u00far <em>Stormi<\/em>. \u00deetta er a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki algilt \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 stundum heldur andlagi\u00f0 \u00feolfallinu, en hitt vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00f3 mun algengara. \u00deetta er ekki einsd\u00e6mi. Sambandi\u00f0 <em>bresta kjark <\/em>t\u00f3k \u00e1\u00f0ur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r frumlag \u00ed \u00feolfalli, <em>mig brast kjark<\/em>, en tekur n\u00fa i\u00f0ulega \u00fe\u00e1gufall. En \u00fe\u00e1 ber svo vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 andlagi\u00f0 f\u00e6r oftast nefnifall \u2013 <em>m\u00e9r brast kjarkur<\/em>. H\u00e9r er ekki vettvangur til a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a sk\u00fdringar \u00e1 \u00feessu.<\/p>\n<p>En hvers vegna kemur upp tilhneiging til a\u00f0 nota aukafall me\u00f0 \u00feessu sambandi? V\u00e6ntanlega er \u00fea\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 frumlag sagnarinnar er ekki gerandi \u2013 hefur ekkert vald \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem s\u00f6gnin segir. M\u00e1lnotendur hafa tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 tengja nefnifall vi\u00f0 geranda en \u00fe\u00e1gufall vi\u00f0 \u00feann sem ver\u00f0ur fyrir einhverju, skynjar eitthva\u00f0 e\u00f0a upplifir eitthva\u00f0 sem hann hefur ekki vald \u00e1. \u00deannig er \u00feetta me\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r sagnir sem eru d\u00e6miger\u00f0ar fyrir \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdkina\u201c svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u, s.s. <em>langa<\/em>, <em>vanta<\/em>, <em>hlakka til<\/em>, <em>kv\u00ed\u00f0a<\/em>, <em>dreyma<\/em> o.fl. Sambandi\u00f0 <em>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/em> er af sama sau\u00f0ah\u00fasi.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/files\/2019\/09\/ber.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Einnig er mj\u00f6g tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 \u00e1hrif fr\u00e1 annarri \u00f3pers\u00f3nulegri notkun sagnarinnar <em>bera <\/em>komi til, s.s.\u00a0<em>m\u00e9r ber \u00feetta<\/em>, <em>m\u00e9r ber a\u00f0 gera<\/em> <em>\u00feetta<\/em>,\u00a0<em>m\u00e9r ber skylda til a\u00f0 gera \u00feetta<\/em>, <em>\u00feeim ber saman um \u00feetta <\/em>o.fl. \u00fear sem alltaf hefur veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufall. \u00cd sambandinu <em>bera skylda til\u00a0<\/em>breg\u00f0ur fyrir sams konar fallav\u00edxlum og nefnd voru me\u00f0\u00a0<em>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/em> \u2013 \u00ed sta\u00f0 nefnifallsins \u00e1 andlaginu kemur st\u00f6ku sinnum aukafall, og \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00e1gufalli\u00f0 \u00ed frumlagss\u00e6ti stundum a\u00f0 nefnifalli: \u201eR\u00edkistj\u00f3rnin ber skyldu til a\u00f0sto\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 uppbyggingu Iandsbygg\u00f0ar\u201c segir t.d. \u00ed <em>Degi<\/em> 1999. V\u00edxlin eru hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 en munurinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 me\u00f0\u00a0<em>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/em> er nefnifall\u2013\u00fe\u00e1gufall upprunalega mynstri\u00f0, en me\u00f0 <em>bera skylda til<\/em> er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufall\u2013nefnifall.<\/p>\n<p>Breyting \u00e1 notkun sambandsins <em>bera g\u00e6fu til<\/em> er sem s\u00e9 skiljanleg og ekki \u00f3v\u00e6nt, og \u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00fdmis ford\u00e6mi. Hvort f\u00f3lk vill l\u00e1ta hana yfir sig ganga e\u00f0a berjast gegn henni er anna\u00f0 m\u00e1l. M\u00e9r finnst h\u00fan satt a\u00f0 segja frekar meinlaus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fallnotkun me\u00f0 or\u00f0asambandinu bera g\u00e6fu til hefur veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytast undanfari\u00f0. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li er frumlag \u00feess alltaf \u00ed nefnifalli \u2013 \u201e\u00fe\u00f3tti m\u00f6nnum \u00deorgils mikla g\u00e6fu hafa til bori\u00f0, a\u00f0 stilla sl\u00edka ofstopamenn\u201c segir \u00ed Grettis s\u00f6gu eftir a\u00f0 \u00deorgils \u00e1 Reykh\u00f3lum haf\u00f0i h\u00fdst \u00fe\u00e1 f\u00f3stbr\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00deorm\u00f3\u00f0 Kolbr\u00fanarsk\u00e1ld og \u00deorgeir H\u00e1varsson \u00e1samt Gretti sterka heilan [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635,158638],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar","category-malvillur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1611"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3820,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1611\/revisions\/3820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}