{"id":1632,"date":"2020-11-21T08:00:33","date_gmt":"2020-11-21T08:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=1632"},"modified":"2020-11-19T16:04:54","modified_gmt":"2020-11-19T16:04:54","slug":"madur-manneskja-eda-man","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/21\/madur-manneskja-eda-man\/","title":{"rendered":"Ma\u00f0ur, manneskja \u2013 e\u00f0a man?"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fdlega vakti Andr\u00e9s Ingi J\u00f3nsson al\u00feingisma\u00f0ur m\u00e1ls<\/a> \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 Al\u00feingi hvort ekki v\u00e6ri r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra m\u00e1lfar \u00feingsins \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 kynhlutlausri m\u00e1lnotkun. Fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra t\u00f3k undir \u00feetta og benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feegar v\u00e6ri fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra lagam\u00e1l og opinbera m\u00e1lnotkun \u00ed \u00feessa \u00e1tt, t.d. \u00ed l\u00f6gum um kynr\u00e6nt sj\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/a> og frumvarpi til laga um mannan\u00f6fn<\/a>. Hins vegar var\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00feetta m\u00e1lstefnu Stj\u00f3rnarr\u00e1\u00f0sins<\/a> og \u00fev\u00ed v\u00e6ri e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 \u00feessi umr\u00e6\u00f0a f\u00e6ri fram \u00e1 vettvangi m\u00e1lnefndar Stj\u00f3rnarr\u00e1\u00f0sins<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Fyrir tveimur \u00e1rum varpa\u00f0i J\u00f3n Steind\u00f3r Valdimarsson al\u00feingisma\u00f0ur fram \u00feeirri spurningu<\/a> hvort r\u00e9tt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 taka \u00edslenskt lagam\u00e1l til endursko\u00f0unar og fara yfir \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 kynjagleraugum. Hann v\u00edsa\u00f0i \u00ed skilgreiningu \u00e1 nau\u00f0gun \u00ed 194. grein almennra hegningarlaga<\/a> \u00fear sem segir \u201eHver sem hefur sam\u00adr\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a \u00f6nnur kyn\u00adfer\u00f0\u00adis\u00adm\u00f6k vi\u00f0 mann \u00e1n sam\u00ad\u00feykkis hans ger\u00adist sekur um nau\u00f0gun\u201c og benti r\u00e9ttilega \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feessi or\u00f0anotkun \u201evir\u00f0\u00adist ekki tala sk\u00fdrt til kvenna\u201c. Miki\u00f0 er til \u00ed \u00feessu.<\/p>\n

Saga \u00feessa or\u00f0alags er reyndar forvitnileg. \u00cd almennum hegningarl\u00f6gum fr\u00e1 1940 var upphaflega alls sta\u00f0ar tala\u00f0 um kvenmann<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessari lagagrein<\/a> \u2013 s\u00fa hugmynd a\u00f0 karlar g\u00e6tu veri\u00f0 \u00feolendur kynfer\u00f0isbrota var ekki komin til. \u00deegar d\u00f3msm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra lag\u00f0i fram frumvarp<\/a> um breytingu \u00e1 kynfer\u00f0isbrotakafla hegningarlaganna hausti\u00f0 1991 var or\u00f0i\u00f0 manneskja<\/em><\/a> sett \u00ed sta\u00f0inn \u2013 v\u00e6ntanlega af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 frumvarpsh\u00f6fundum hefur \u00fe\u00f3tt or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> v\u00edsa um of til karlmanna \u00ed huga m\u00e1lnotenda.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00e1liti<\/a> meirihluta allsherjarnefndar \u2013 fulltr\u00faa allra flokka nema Kvennalistans<\/a> \u2013 um frumvarpi\u00f0 segir hins vegar: \u201eEnn fremur er lagt til a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201emanneskja\u201c falli brott og \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess komi or\u00f0i\u00f0: ma\u00f0ur. \u00cd \u00edslensku m\u00e1li tekur or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur b\u00e6\u00f0i til karla og kvenna og \u00feykir ekki fara vel \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed lagatexta a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 manneskja\u201c. \u00deessi breytingartillaga var sam\u00feykkt og \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f3r ma\u00f0ur<\/em> inn \u00ed endanlegan texta laganna og er \u00fear enn eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir.<\/p>\n

En minnihlutinn, fulltr\u00fai Kvennalistans, var andv\u00edgur<\/a> \u00feessari breytingu: \u201eMinni hlutinn sty\u00f0ur \u00fe\u00f3 ekki \u00fe\u00e6r breytingartill\u00f6gur sem l\u00fata a\u00f0 or\u00f0alagi frumvarpsins, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0 or\u00f0sins \u201emanneskja\u201c komi: ma\u00f0ur og a\u00f0rar breytingar sem af \u00fev\u00ed lei\u00f0ir. Enda \u00fe\u00f3tt or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201ema\u00f0ur\u201c s\u00e9 oft nota\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i um karla og konur er r\u00edk hef\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed \u00edslensku a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur eigi a\u00f0eins vi\u00f0 um karlmenn. [...] \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust er a\u00f0 f\u00falsa vi\u00f0 notkun hins kvenkennda or\u00f0s \u201emanneskja\u201c \u00feegar \u00e1tt er vi\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i kynin\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u00dearna var sem s\u00e9 or\u00f0in athyglisver\u00f0 breyting: Kringum 1970 bar\u00f0ist Rau\u00f0sokkahreyfingin<\/a> fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkennt a\u00f0 konur v\u00e6ru l\u00edka menn<\/a>. \u00dea\u00f0 var mj\u00f6g skiljanleg og e\u00f0lileg bar\u00e1tta. 20 \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar fannst Kvennalistakonum hins vegar or\u00f0i\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> ekki v\u00edsa til s\u00edn. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka mj\u00f6g skiljanlegt og e\u00f0lilegt. Hin tv\u00f6falda merking or\u00f0sins ma\u00f0ur<\/em> veldur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 margra mati oft \u00f3heppilegt \u00ed hinni almennu merkingu. H\u00e9r vantar \u00fev\u00ed heppilegt kynhlutlaust or\u00f0.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er v\u00ed\u00f0ar en \u00ed \u00e1\u00f0urnefndu lagafrumvarpi sem hefur veri\u00f0 reynt a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 manneskja<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessum tilgangi \u2013 R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpi\u00f0 hefur t.d. undanfarin \u00e1r vali\u00f0 manneskju \u00e1rsins<\/em><\/a>. En manneskja<\/em> er kvenkynsor\u00f0 og ekki s\u00e9rlega heppilegt sem kynhlutlaust or\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 tengist konum<\/a> ekkert s\u00ed\u00f0ur en ma\u00f0ur<\/em> tengist k\u00f6rlum. \u00c9g g\u00e6ti ekki sagt Hva\u00f0 ertu a\u00f0 gera ma\u00f0ur?<\/em> vi\u00f0 konu en ekki heldur Hva\u00f0 ertu a\u00f0 gera manneskja?<\/em> vi\u00f0 karl. N\u00fdlega hefur hins vegar veri\u00f0 stungi\u00f0 upp \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 n\u00fdta or\u00f0i\u00f0 man<\/em> \u00ed \u00feessum tilgangi.<\/p>\n

Vissulega hefur man <\/em>merkinguna '\u00f3frj\u00e1ls ma\u00f0ur, karl e\u00f0a kona' (auk merkingarinnar 'kona' \u00ed sk\u00e1ldam\u00e1li) en er \u00e1kaflega l\u00edti\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li, nema helst \u00ed samsetningunni mansal<\/em><\/a>. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki einsd\u00e6mi a\u00f0 g\u00f6mul en l\u00edti\u00f0 notu\u00f0 or\u00f0 s\u00e9u endurn\u00fdtt og \u00feeim gefin n\u00fd merking \u2013 en \u00fe\u00f3 oftast skyld, sbr. s\u00edmi <\/em>sem merkti 'band, \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0ur', og skj\u00e1r<\/em> sem merkti 'gegns\u00e6 himna \u00ed glugga, gluggi'. Kosturinn vi\u00f0 man<\/em> er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er hvorugkynsor\u00f0 og hefur hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ileg og merkingarleg tengsl vi\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur<\/em> og manneskja<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g veit ekki til a\u00f0 \u00feessi notkun or\u00f0sins man<\/em> hafi brei\u00f0st \u00fat a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0i, en Helga Vala Helgad\u00f3ttir<\/a> hefur \u00fe\u00f3 nota\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feingman<\/em><\/a> um sj\u00e1lfa sig. M\u00e9r finnst \u00feetta hreint ekki gali\u00f0 en hins vegar er ekki einfalt a\u00f0 breyta svo r\u00f3tgr\u00f3num \u00fe\u00e6tti m\u00e1lsins og skal engu sp\u00e1\u00f0 um framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00feessarar m\u00e1lnotkunar. Ef eing\u00f6ngu konur taka hana upp er h\u00e6ttan s\u00fa a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk fari a\u00f0 tengja man<\/em> vi\u00f0 konur og \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3noth\u00e6ft sem kynhlutlaust or\u00f0 \u2013 eins og manneskja<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fdlega vakti Andr\u00e9s Ingi J\u00f3nsson al\u00feingisma\u00f0ur m\u00e1ls \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 Al\u00feingi hvort ekki v\u00e6ri r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra m\u00e1lfar \u00feingsins \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 kynhlutlausri m\u00e1lnotkun. Fors\u00e6tisr\u00e1\u00f0herra t\u00f3k undir \u00feetta og benti \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feegar v\u00e6ri fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra lagam\u00e1l og opinbera m\u00e1lnotkun \u00ed \u00feessa \u00e1tt, t.d. \u00ed l\u00f6gum um kynr\u00e6nt sj\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0i og frumvarpi til laga um […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1632","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1632"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3264,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1632\/revisions\/3264"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}