{"id":1772,"date":"2019-09-26T20:00:53","date_gmt":"2019-09-26T20:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=1772"},"modified":"2019-09-27T09:51:03","modified_gmt":"2019-09-27T09:51:03","slug":"stafsetning-og-laesileiki-texta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2019\/09\/26\/stafsetning-og-laesileiki-texta\/","title":{"rendered":"Stafsetning og l\u00e6sileiki texta"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e9r\u00edslenskir b\u00f3kstafir hafa talsvert t\u00e1kngildi \u00ed sj\u00e1lfs\u00admynd \u00cds\u00adlend\u00adinga. En skipta \u00feeir einhverju m\u00e1li fyrir \u00fer\u00f3un tungum\u00e1lsins? Stafir eru bara t\u00e1kn \u2013 \u00feeir eru ekki tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft. \u00dea\u00f0 er samkomulagsatri\u00f0i hva\u00f0a form vi\u00f0 notum til a\u00f0 t\u00e1kna hlj\u00f3\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins. \u00cdslendingar \u2013 og \u00edslenskan \u2013 komust vel af \u00e1n \u00f0<\/em> \u00ed 400 \u00e1r. \u00c1 fyrstu \u00e1rum netsins var ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota \u00edslenska stafi \u00feegar t\u00f6lvup\u00f3stur var send\u00adur til \u00fatlanda. \u00deennan p\u00f3st skrifa\u00f0i \u00e9g t.d. snemma \u00e1rs 1993:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 var svo sem ekkert m\u00e1l a\u00f0 venja sig \u00e1 \u00feetta. Flest l\u00e1 tilt\u00f6lulega beint vi\u00f0 \u2013 ma\u00f0ur skrifa\u00f0i broddlausa stafi \u00ed sta\u00f0 broddstafa, d<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00f0<\/em>, th<\/em> e\u00f0a bara t<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00fe<\/em>, ae<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00e6<\/em> og oe<\/em> e\u00f0a bara o<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00f6<\/em>. N\u00fa er oftast ekkert m\u00e1l a\u00f0 nota \u00edslensku \u00ed t\u00f6lvup\u00f3sti og yfir\u00adleitt \u00e1 netinu, en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki alveg einhl\u00edtt. \u00cdslensku stafirnir eru ekki heldur alltaf til taks \u00ed s\u00edmum. En yfirleitt vefst ekkert fyrir manni a\u00f0 skrifa e\u00f0a skilja texta \u00e1n \u00feeirra \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega geti komi\u00f0 upp vafam\u00e1l \u00ed t\u00falkun einst\u00f6ku sinn\u00adum. En \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u00feetta a\u00f0 \u00edslensku stafirnir s\u00e9u \u00f3\u00fearfir, og vi\u00f0 g\u00e6tum losa\u00f0 okkur vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 ylli nokkrum vandkv\u00e6\u00f0um? \u00dea\u00f0 myndi vissulega leysa \u00fdmis vandam\u00e1l og koma \u00ed veg fyrir alls konar umstang og kostna\u00f0. En hef\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 einhver \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fer\u00f3un m\u00e1lsins?<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 stafsetning s\u00e9 l\u00edmi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskri m\u00e1ls\u00f6gu. Stafsetningin er \u00edhaldss\u00f6m og eltir ekki \u00fdmsar hlj\u00f3\u00f0breytingar sem ver\u00f0a \u00ed t\u00f6lu\u00f0u m\u00e1li. Gott d\u00e6mi um \u00feetta er broddur yfir s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0st\u00e1knum sem t\u00e1kna\u00f0i langt hlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li eins og gert var r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed till\u00f6gum Fyrsta m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins. S\u00ed\u00f0an hefur s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0akerfi m\u00e1lsins breyst \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um og broddu\u00f0 og broddlaus s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0st\u00e1kn standa n\u00fa ekki lengur fyrir l\u00f6ng og stutt afbrig\u00f0i s\u00f6mu hlj\u00f3\u00f0a, heldur tv\u00f6 \u00f3l\u00edk hlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u2013 brodd\u00adu\u00f0u t\u00e1knin oft fyrir tv\u00edhlj\u00f3\u00f0. \u00deetta truflar okkur ekkert og f\u00e6stir vita nokku\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed; en \u00fea\u00f0 lei\u00f0ir til \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 getum lesi\u00f0 m\u00f6rg hundru\u00f0 \u00e1ra gamla texta \u00fe\u00f3tt sumir \u00fe\u00e6ttir tungum\u00e1lsins hafi \u00ed raun gerbreyst.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 stafsetning getur haft veruleg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 hversu a\u00f0gengilegir textar eru fyrir almenning. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1943 skrifa\u00f0i Kristinn E. Andr\u00e9sson grein<\/a> \u00ed T\u00edmarit M\u00e1ls og menningar<\/em> um l\u00f6g \u00feau sem Al\u00feingi setti 1941 og b\u00f6nnu\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00edslensk fornrit v\u00e6ru gefin \u00fat me\u00f0 annarri staf\u00adsetningu en \u201esamr\u00e6mdri stafsetningu fornri\u201c. Kristinn sag\u00f0i: \u201eEngri erlendri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 dettur \u00ed hug a\u00f0 fylgja gamalli stafsetningu \u00ed n\u00fdjum \u00fatg\u00e1fum af klassiskum ritum fyrir almenning. Enskum \u00fatgefendum t.d. dettur ekki \u00ed hug a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 f\u00e6la \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00edna fr\u00e1 lestri \u00e1 leikritum Shakespeares me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 prenta \u00feau me\u00f0 \u00fareltri stafsetningu.\u201c<\/p>\n

\u00cd vi\u00f0tali<\/a> \u00ed Sunnudagsbla\u00f0i T\u00edmans<\/em> 1966 var \u00c1rni B\u00f6\u00f0varsson cand.mag. spur\u00f0ur hvort hann teldi a\u00f0 samr\u00e6md stafsetning forn f\u00e6ldi f\u00f3lk fr\u00e1 lestri fornrita. Hann svara\u00f0i: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert efam\u00e1l, a\u00f0 svo er. \u00c9g tel, a\u00f0 \u00f6ll sl\u00edk rit, sem \u00e6tlu\u00f0 eru almenn\u00adingi, \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vera \u00ed b\u00faningi n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls, a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er tekur til stafsetningar og or\u00f0mynda.\u201c<\/p>\n

En \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 leita til fornsagna. Fyrir nokkrum \u00e1rum sk\u00f6pu\u00f0ust talsver\u00f0ar umr\u00e6\u00f0ur um minnk\u00adandi lestur \u00e1 verkum Halld\u00f3rs Laxness \u00e1 Facebook-s\u00ed\u00f0u<\/a> Illuga J\u00f6kulssonar og bloggi<\/a> Egils Helgasonar. \u00cd \u00feeim umr\u00e6\u00f0um sag\u00f0i \u00fatgefandi b\u00f3kanna, J\u00f3hann P\u00e1ll Valdimarsson: \u201eLestur \u00e1 verkum hans \u00ed sk\u00f3lum hefur skroppi\u00f0 miki\u00f0 saman og vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum gert k\u00f6nnun me\u00f0al kennara. Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r er hvort gefa eigi\u00a0verk hans \u00fat me\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmastafsetningu fyrir sk\u00f3lana. S\u00fa hugmynd f\u00e9kk a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki mikinn stu\u00f0ning me\u00f0al kennara og \u00e9g efast ekki um a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgum \u00feyki \u00fea\u00f0 helgispj\u00f6ll en m\u00edn sko\u00f0un er s\u00fa a\u00f0 Laxness muni ekki lifa me\u00f0 n\u00fdjum kynsl\u00f3\u00f0um nema stafsetning s\u00e9 f\u00e6r\u00f0 til n\u00fat\u00edmahorfs. \u00dea\u00f0 hr\u00f6kkva svo margir fr\u00e1 b\u00f3kum hans vegna hennar.\u201c<\/p>\n

N\u00fa hafa tv\u00e6r af helstu sk\u00e1lds\u00f6gum Halld\u00f3rs veri\u00f0 gefnar \u00fat<\/a> me\u00f0 venjulegri stafsetningu til a\u00f0 au\u00f0velda ungu f\u00f3lki lesturinn. \u00de\u00f3 er stafsetning Halld\u00f3rs ekki svo verulega fr\u00e1brug\u00f0in fyrirskipa\u00f0ri sk\u00f3la\u00adstafsetn\u00adingu. Hann skrifar svokalla\u00f0a \u201ebrei\u00f0a s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0a\u201c \u00e1 undan ng<\/em> og nk<\/em> \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og l\u00e1ngur<\/em>, leingi<\/em>, laung<\/em>; hann skrifar ekki tv\u00f6faldan samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00e1 undan sam\u00adhlj\u00f3\u00f0a, \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og skemtun<\/em>, tryg\u00f0<\/em>, alt<\/em>; og hann skrifar \u00ed einu or\u00f0i \u00fdmis samb\u00f6nd sem eiga a\u00f0 vera \u00ed tvennu lagi samkv\u00e6mt stafsetningarreglum, s.s. einsog<\/em>, upp\u00e1<\/em>. F\u00e1ein atri\u00f0i til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar m\u00e1 t\u00edna til, en munurinn er sannast sagna ekki \u00fdkja mikill. Ef hann n\u00e6gir \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 til a\u00f0 f\u00e6la marga lesendur fr\u00e1 er au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 \u00edmynda s\u00e9r a\u00f0 brottfall \u00edslenskra stafa, \u00fear me\u00f0 talinna broddstafa, hef\u00f0i g\u00edfurleg \u00e1hrif.<\/p>\n

\u00cd umfj\u00f6llun<\/a> Morgunbla\u00f0sins<\/em> um \u201eTyrkjar\u00e1n hi\u00f0 n\u00fdja\u201c 1992 var m.a. r\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 Baldur J\u00f3nsson pr\u00f3fessor sem \u00fe\u00e1 var forst\u00f6\u00f0uma\u00f0ur \u00cdslenskrar m\u00e1lst\u00f6\u00f0var. \u00dear segist Baldur \u00f3ttast \u201ea\u00f0 einhverjir landar okkar leggi til a\u00f0 stafirnir ver\u00f0i felldir \u00far \u00edslensku m\u00e1li \u00fear sem \u00fea\u00f0 taki \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 leggja \u00ed kostna\u00f0arsamar breytingar. \u201eSl\u00edkt myndi hreinlega um\u00adturna \u00e1s\u00fdnd \u00edslensks ritm\u00e1ls og sm\u00e1m saman gera okkur erfitt fyrir um lestur rita sem n\u00fa \u00feegar hafa veri\u00f0 gefin \u00fat. N\u00e6sta skref g\u00e6ti svo allt eins or\u00f0i\u00f0 tillaga um a\u00f0 leggja m\u00e1li\u00f0 ni\u00f0ur.\u201c.\u201c<\/p>\n

Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir er \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r ekkert vandam\u00e1l a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta b\u00f3kstafi enska stafr\u00f3fsins duga til a\u00f0 skrifa \u00edslensku. \u00dat af fyrir sig myndi \u00fea\u00f0 ekki breyta tungum\u00e1linu sj\u00e1lfu \u2013 a\u00f0eins t\u00e1knun \u00feess og yfirbrag\u00f0i. En \u00feetta myndi \u00fea\u00f0 lei\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 allir \u00edslenskir textar fram a\u00f0 \u00feeim t\u00edma, allt fr\u00e1 fornm\u00e1li til 21. aldar, yr\u00f0u meira og minna \u00f3a\u00f0\u00adgengi\u00adlegir fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 sem \u00e6lust upp vi\u00f0 hina n\u00fdju stafsetningu. \u00deetta hef\u00f0i \u00f3fyrirsj\u00e1anleg \u00e1hrif \u00e1 \u00edslenska menningu og ryfi samhengi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslenskri m\u00e1ls\u00f6gu, en stafsetning er l\u00edmi\u00f0 \u00ed henni eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00f3tt\u00e6kar breytingar yr\u00f0u \u00e1 tungum\u00e1linu \u00ed kj\u00f6lfar sl\u00edks rofs. Erum vi\u00f0 tilb\u00fain a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1h\u00e6ttu?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e9r\u00edslenskir b\u00f3kstafir hafa talsvert t\u00e1kngildi \u00ed sj\u00e1lfs\u00admynd \u00cds\u00adlend\u00adinga. En skipta \u00feeir einhverju m\u00e1li fyrir \u00fer\u00f3un tungum\u00e1lsins? Stafir eru bara t\u00e1kn \u2013 \u00feeir eru ekki tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft. \u00dea\u00f0 er samkomulagsatri\u00f0i hva\u00f0a form vi\u00f0 notum til a\u00f0 t\u00e1kna hlj\u00f3\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins. \u00cdslendingar \u2013 og \u00edslenskan \u2013 komust vel af \u00e1n \u00f0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1772","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1772"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1807,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1772\/revisions\/1807"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1772"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1772"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1772"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}