Eins og vi\u00f0 vitum \u00f6ll hefur \u00edslenska \u00ferj\u00fa kyn \u00ed fallor\u00f0um \u2013 karlkyn, kvenkyn og hvorugkyn. Vi\u00f0 erum v\u00f6n \u00fev\u00ed og finnst \u00fea\u00f0 e\u00f0lilegt, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 tengjum \u00feetta vi\u00f0 l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt kyn. L\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ileg kyn hafa a\u00f0 v\u00edsu fram undir \u00feetta bara veri\u00f0 talin tv\u00f6, karlkyn og kvenkyn, en vi\u00f0 s\u00e6ttum okkur vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 til eitthvert \u00feri\u00f0ja gildi, eitthva\u00f0 hlutlaust \u2013 hvorugkyn, hvorugt kyni\u00f0.<\/p>\n
\u00deessi tenging vi\u00f0 l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilega kyni\u00f0 getur valdi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 okkur finnst oft a\u00f0 tungum\u00e1l sem hafa f\u00e6rri kyn en \u00edslenska s\u00e9u \u00e1 einhvern h\u00e1tt \u00f3fullkomin \u2013 m\u00e1l eins og danska me\u00f0 sitt samkyn \u00ed nafnor\u00f0um \u00ed sta\u00f0 karlkyns og kvenkyns, a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 tala\u00f0 um ensku og finnsku me\u00f0 a\u00f0eins eitt kyn \u00ed nafnor\u00f0um (sem jafngildir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa ekkert kyn). En \u00feessi tungum\u00e1l vir\u00f0ast komast vel af \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00feessa kynjaf\u00e1t\u00e6kt. Og tilfelli\u00f0 er a\u00f0 kyn \u00ed tungum\u00e1lum eru mj\u00f6g mism\u00f6rg, allt fr\u00e1 engu sem er langalgengast upp \u00ed 20. Hvernig m\u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 vera?<\/p>\n
M\u00e1li\u00f0 er a\u00f0 kyn<\/strong> \u00ed tungum\u00e1li er m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg flokkun en ekki l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ileg. Vissulega eru sterk tengsl milli m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegs og l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegs kyns \u00ed m\u00f6rgum tungum\u00e1lum, \u00fe. \u00e1 m. \u00edslensku, en \u00feau eru alls ekki algild eins og al\u00feekkt er. \u00dea\u00f0 eru til hvorugkynsor\u00f0 eins og flj\u00f3\u00f0<\/em> og sprund<\/em> sem v\u00edsa til kvenna, og hvorugkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00e1ld<\/em> hefur svo sterka tengingu vi\u00f0 karlmenn a\u00f0 nau\u00f0synlegt hefur \u00fe\u00f3tt a\u00f0 mynda or\u00f0in sk\u00e1ldkona<\/em> og kvensk\u00e1ld<\/em> til a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til kvenna.<\/p>\n Sama m\u00e1li gegnir um \u00fdmiss konar a\u00f0ra m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega flokkun sem hefur tengsl vi\u00f0 efnisheiminn \u2013 \u00feau tengsl eru sjaldnast alveg f\u00f6st. Vi\u00f0 segjum t.d. a\u00f0 eintala s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 v\u00edsa til eins en fleirtala v\u00edsi til fleiri en eins. Samt \u00feekkjum vi\u00f0 \u00f6ll or\u00f0 eins og buxur<\/em> og sk\u00e6ri<\/em> sem v\u00edsa til eins hlutar og eru ekki til \u00ed eint\u00f6lu. Or\u00f0 eins og f\u00f3lk<\/em> og fj\u00f6ldi<\/em> eru eint\u00f6luor\u00f0 en v\u00edsa vitanlega til fleiri en eins. Svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja.<\/p>\n \u00dev\u00ed fer fjarri a\u00f0 kynin \u00ed \u00edslensku s\u00e9u \u00f6ll jafnv\u00e6g. \u00c1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum hefur andst\u00e6\u00f0an marka\u00f0 : \u00f3marka\u00f0<\/strong> oft veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa venslum innan m\u00e1lkerfisins. \u00d3marka\u00f0 merkir \u00fe\u00e1 hlutlaust, \u00fea\u00f0 sem er sj\u00e1lfgefi\u00f0, en marka\u00f0 er \u00fea\u00f0 sem er nota\u00f0 vi\u00f0 einhverjar s\u00e9rstakar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er eitthva\u00f0 sem kallar \u00e1 notkun \u00feess. Hvorugkyni\u00f0 heitir \u00e1 lat\u00ednu neutrum<\/em>, neuter<\/em> \u00e1 ensku, og \u00fea\u00f0 merkir 'hlutlaust'.<\/p>\n \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 hvorugkyni\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00f3marka\u00f0 kyn \u00ed \u00edslensku. \u00c1 \u00fea\u00f0 reynir t.d. \u00feegar v\u00edsa \u00fearf til b\u00e6\u00f0i karlkyns- og kvenkynsor\u00f0a me\u00f0 einu fornafni, e\u00f0a \u00feegar l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0u sagnfyllingar \u00e1 vi\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i karlkyns- og kvenkynsor\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 er vissulega oftast nota\u00f0 hvorugkyn \u2013 J\u00f3n og Gunna eru komin<\/em> (en ekki komnir<\/em> e\u00f0a komnar<\/em>). \u00deau eru skemmtileg<\/em>. \u00deetta er samt ekki alveg einfalt, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00feegar um safnheiti er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, en \u00e9g get ekki fari\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 h\u00e9r.<\/p>\n En \u00fearna er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg vensl og v\u00edsun innan setninga e\u00f0a milli setninga. \u00d6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li gegnir um v\u00edsun \u00fat fyrir tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 \u2013 \u00feegar v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til blanda\u00f0s h\u00f3ps karla og kvenna \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau hafi veri\u00f0 nefnd. \u00dear er yfirleitt nota\u00f0 karlkyn og vi\u00f0 segjum Enginn m\u00e1 yfirgefa h\u00fasi\u00f0<\/em> og Allir tapa \u00e1 ver\u00f0b\u00f3lg\u00adunni<\/em> \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 meina a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9u bara karlmenn \u00ed \u00feeim h\u00f3pi. \u00cd \u00feessu felst ekki nein karlremba e\u00f0a \u00fatilokun kvenna \u2013 svona virkar tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 bara.\u00a0En hvers vegna notum vi\u00f0 ekki hvorugkyn og segjum \u00d6ll eru m\u00e6tt<\/em>?<\/p>\n Fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru s\u00f6gulegar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur. \u00cd ind\u00f3evr\u00f3pska frumm\u00e1linu voru tv\u00f6 kyn \u2013 anna\u00f0 var nota\u00f0 um l\u00edfverur en hitt um dau\u00f0a hluti. Hi\u00f0 fyrrnefnda m\u00e6tti svo sem kalla samkyn en \u00fea\u00f0 er s\u00f6gulega s\u00e9\u00f0 fyrirrennari karlkyns, \u00ed \u00feeim skilningi a\u00f0 karlkynsbeygingu m\u00e1 hlj\u00f3\u00f0s\u00f6gulega rekja til \u00feess. \u00dea\u00f0 eru ein\u00adg\u00f6ngu l\u00edfverur sem geta veri\u00f0 gerendur \u00ed setningum og vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 nefnifall var fall gerandans voru \u00fea\u00f0 eing\u00f6ngu karlkynsor\u00f0 sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u s\u00e9rstaka nefnifallsmynd.<\/p>\n Hvorugkynsor\u00f0in g\u00e1tu ekki t\u00e1kna\u00f0 gerendur og \u00feurftu \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00e1 nefnifalli a\u00f0 halda. \u00deegar tengsl milli merkingar og setningager\u00f0ar breyttust og hvorugkynsor\u00f0 f\u00f3ru a\u00f0 geta sta\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0u sem kraf\u00f0ist nefnifalls ur\u00f0u \u00feau a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r upp nefnifallsmynd, og \u00fea\u00f0 var gert me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka \u00feolfallsmyndina og l\u00e1ta hana l\u00edka \u00fej\u00f3na sem nefnifall. \u00deetta er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hvorugkynsor\u00f0 eru alltaf eins \u00ed nefnifalli og \u00feolfalli, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed eint\u00f6lu og fleirt\u00f6lu.<\/p>\n Kvenkyn \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ist s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00far hvorugkyninu, en \u00fe\u00f3tt kvenkyn v\u00e6ri komi\u00f0 til f\u00e9kk \u00fea\u00f0 ekki jafnst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 karlkyni\u00f0. Hi\u00f0 gamla samkyn, sem n\u00fa var or\u00f0i\u00f0 karlkyn af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kvenkyn var komi\u00f0 til, h\u00e9lt \u00fdmsum samkynshlutverkum s\u00ednum, t.d. \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 geta v\u00edsa\u00f0 til blanda\u00f0s h\u00f3ps en ekki bara karla. \u00deess vegna segjum vi\u00f0 enn Allir eru m\u00e6ttir<\/em> og fr\u00e1 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i er ekkert athugavert vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, \u00fe\u00f3tt veri\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 v\u00edsa b\u00e6\u00f0i til karla og kvenna.<\/p>\n En m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0in stj\u00f3rnar ekki upplifun f\u00f3lks, og \u00fe\u00f3tt kynbeyging og flokkun or\u00f0a \u00ed kyn s\u00e9 \u00ed grunninn m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegs e\u00f0lis ver\u00f0ur ekki fram hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed liti\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00fan hefur mj\u00f6g sterk tengsl vi\u00f0 l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt kyn \u00ed huga f\u00f3lks. Ef m\u00f6rg, b\u00e6\u00f0i konur og \u00feau sem skilgreina sig hvorki sem karl\u00adkyns n\u00e9 kvenkyns, upplifa \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u \u00e1 einhvern h\u00e1tt sni\u00f0gengnin me\u00f0 notkun karl\u00adkyns \u00ed sl\u00edkum d\u00e6mum, \u00fe\u00e1 finnst m\u00e9r e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r hvort og hvernig s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed.<\/p>\n