{"id":1973,"date":"2020-01-16T17:00:14","date_gmt":"2020-01-16T17:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=1973"},"modified":"2025-08-03T16:04:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T16:04:42","slug":"pisa-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/01\/16\/pisa-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"PISA - gagnr\u00fdni og \u00farb\u00e6tur"},"content":{"rendered":"

[Erindi flutt \u00e1 fundinum Lykillinn a\u00f0 heiminum: Menntun skapar t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri<\/a><\/strong>, 16. jan\u00faar 2020.]<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt \u00e9g hafi gagnr\u00fdnt PISA-pr\u00f3fin nokku\u00f0 harkalega, b\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00fana og ekki s\u00edst fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum<\/a>, vil \u00e9g \u00ed upphafi taka fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00feessi pr\u00f3f s\u00e9u \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 og gagnleg, \u00fathugsu\u00f0 og vel samin, og geti \u00feess vegna gefi\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gar uppl\u00fdsingar um st\u00f6\u00f0u nemenda og veri\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ur grundv\u00f6llur til samanbur\u00f0ar, b\u00e6\u00f0i milli landa og fr\u00e1 \u00e1ri til \u00e1rs. En til a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9 \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera tryggt a\u00f0 samr\u00e6mi milli frumtexta og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingar s\u00e9 sem mest. \u00dea\u00f0 tel \u00e9g a\u00f0 hafi brug\u00f0ist \u00ed \u00edslenskri \u00fatg\u00e1fu pr\u00f3fsins, a.m.k. \u00ed pr\u00f3finu fr\u00e1 2015 sem \u00e9g sko\u00f0a\u00f0i vel<\/a> (sj\u00e1 bls. 100 o.\u00e1fr.) \u2013 \u00e9g hef ekki haft t\u00f6k \u00e1 a\u00f0 kanna pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 fr\u00e1 2018 me\u00f0 sama h\u00e6tti.<\/p>\n

Til a\u00f0 raunh\u00e6fur samanbur\u00f0ur milli landa geti fari\u00f0 fram \u00feurfa a\u00f0 liggja fyrir uppl\u00fdsingar um til hvers s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 \u00e6tlast. Fyrir ensku, og v\u00e6ntanlega fj\u00f6lda annarra m\u00e1la, eru til \u00edtarlegar uppl\u00fdsingar um e\u00f0lilegan or\u00f0afor\u00f0a<\/a> 10 \u00e1ra barna, 11 \u00e1ra barna, 12 \u00e1ra barna o.s.frv. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 almennt gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn tileinki s\u00e9r algengustu or\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins fyrst, og eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00feau eldast l\u00e6ri \u00feau fleiri og sjaldg\u00e6fari or\u00f0. \u00dev\u00ed \u00fearf a\u00f0 hafa skr\u00e1 um algengustu or\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0nir\u00f6\u00f0<\/a> til a\u00f0 velja \u00feau or\u00f0 sem eru notu\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu pr\u00f3fsins, og reyna eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem unnt er a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta samr\u00e6mis \u00feannig a\u00f0 algengt or\u00f0 \u00ed ensku s\u00e9 ekki \u00fe\u00fdtt me\u00f0 sjaldg\u00e6fu or\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00edslensku, og \u00f6fugt.<\/p>\n

En hvernig er sta\u00f0an hj\u00e1 okkur? Engar uppl\u00fdsingar um or\u00f0afor\u00f0a mismunandi aldursh\u00f3pa eru til fyrir \u00edslensku. Vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum m.\u00f6.o. ekki hugmynd um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0a or\u00f0 er e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 15 \u00e1ra unglingar hafi \u00e1 valdi s\u00ednu<\/a>. Er t.d. e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 \u00e6tlast til a\u00f0 \u00feeir \u00feekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 skei\u00f0 <\/em>\u00ed merkingunni 't\u00edmabil', svo a\u00f0 teki\u00f0 s\u00e9 d\u00e6mi<\/a> \u00far PISA 2018? Vi\u00f0 \u00feessum skorti \u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingum er svo sem ekkert a\u00f0 gera \u2013 nema gera vanda\u00f0ar ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 or\u00f0afor\u00f0a barna<\/a> og unglinga<\/a> til a\u00f0 koma upp vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um um or\u00f0afor\u00f0a hvers aldursh\u00f3ps. \u00c9g get vel skili\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 hvorki \u00e1 verksvi\u00f0i n\u00e9 valdi Menntam\u00e1lastofnunar a\u00f0 gera sl\u00edkar ranns\u00f3knir \u2013 en \u00fe\u00e6r eru br\u00e1\u00f0nau\u00f0synlegar.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0t\u00ed\u00f0niskr\u00e1 fyrir \u00edslensku hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed t\u00e6p 30 \u00e1r, s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00cdslensk or\u00f0t\u00ed\u00f0nib\u00f3k<\/em><\/a> kom \u00fat 1991. H\u00fan byggist \u00e1 500 \u00fe\u00fasund or\u00f0um \u00far f\u00e1um textaflokkum, en fr\u00e1 2012 hefur veri\u00f0 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 n\u00fdta Marka\u00f0a \u00edslenska m\u00e1lheild<\/em><\/a> sem hefur a\u00f0 geyma 25 millj\u00f3nir or\u00f0a \u00far fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum textaflokkum, og s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed fyrra hefur veri\u00f0 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 n\u00fdta Risam\u00e1lheild<\/em><\/a> sem inniheldur 1,4 milljar\u00f0a or\u00f0a \u00far fj\u00f6lbreyttum textum. En \u00e9g veit ekki til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feessar skr\u00e1r hafi veri\u00f0 n\u00fdttar vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu PISA-pr\u00f3fsins sem m\u00e9r finnst alveg st\u00f3rfur\u00f0ulegt og \u00e1m\u00e6lisvert. \u00cd n\u00fdrri grein<\/a> \u00ed Netlu<\/em> hafa Au\u00f0ur P\u00e1lsd\u00f3ttir og Sig\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed PISA-pr\u00f3finu 2018<\/a> er t\u00f6luvert um \u00f3samr\u00e6mi \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0niflokkum or\u00f0a milli frumtexta og \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingar, og \u00ed meira en 2\/3 \u00feeirra d\u00e6ma sem \u00fe\u00e6r sko\u00f0u\u00f0u hallar \u00e1 \u00edslenskuna, \u00fe.e. \u00edslensku or\u00f0in eru \u00ed sjaldg\u00e6fari t\u00ed\u00f0niflokki en \u00feau ensku. Eftirfarandi tafla er \u00far grein Au\u00f0ar og Sigr\u00ed\u00f0ar:<\/p>\n

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Til a\u00f0 gefa hugmynd um \u00fea\u00f0 hversu mikil \u00e1hrif vinnubr\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu geta haft \u00e1 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur pr\u00f3fsins tek \u00e9g d\u00e6mi \u00far s\u00fdnihefti um lesskilningsverkefni \u00ed PISA<\/a> sem N\u00e1msmatsstofnun, fyrirrennari Menntam\u00e1lastofnunar, gaf \u00fat 2008 (og endurb\u00e6tta \u00fatg\u00e1fu<\/a> 2017). \u00dear er texti sem \u00fe\u00fdddur var fyrir pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2000 en f\u00f3r \u00e1 flakk hausti\u00f0 2016 og olli mikilli hneykslun \u00e1 Facebook og v\u00ed\u00f0ar<\/a> \u2013 svo mikilli a\u00f0 Menntam\u00e1lastofnun s\u00e1 sig kn\u00fana til a\u00f0 senda fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r fr\u00e9tt<\/a> um hann. \u00dear sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00ed heftinu v\u00e6ri \u201eekki s\u00e1 texti sem nota\u00f0ur var \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu pr\u00f3finu. \u00deegar hefti\u00f0 var teki\u00f0 saman vildi svo til a\u00f0 rangur texti var valinn en ekki hin endanlega \u00fatg\u00e1fa\u201c. Stofnunin birti svo a\u00f0ra \u00fatg\u00e1fu sem h\u00fan sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 \u00ed pr\u00f3finu. L\u00edtum n\u00fa \u00e1 eina m\u00e1lsgrein \u00far f<\/a>rumtextanum<\/a> (bls. 62) \u00e1samt upphaflegu \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni og hinni endanlegu.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V\u00e6ntanlega velkjast f\u00e6stir \u00ed vafa um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin s\u00e9 \u00e1 miklu vanda\u00f0ri \u00edslensku. En h\u00e9r er samt margs a\u00f0 g\u00e6ta. Eitt er \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0a\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin er r\u00famum \u00feri\u00f0jungi lengri en b\u00e6\u00f0i frumtextinn og upphaflega \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin \u2013 27 or\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00f3ti 20. Fj\u00f6ldi m\u00e1lsgreina og or\u00f0afj\u00f6ldi eru tveir stu\u00f0lar af \u00feremur \u00ed LIX-form\u00falunni<\/a> sem oft var notu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 reikna \u00feyngdarstig texta. \u00deri\u00f0ji stu\u00f0ullinn er fj\u00f6ldi or\u00f0a sem eru meira en sex b\u00f3kstafir \u2013 tv\u00f6 \u00ed upphaflegri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu, fimm \u00ed endursko\u00f0un. S\u00e9 LIX-form\u00falunni beitt \u00e1 \u00feetta d\u00e6mi kemur \u00fat a\u00f0 textinn \u00ed upphaflegu (vondu) \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni er l\u00e9ttastur (LIX 30), \u00fear \u00e1 eftir kemur enski frumtextinn (LIX 35), en endursko\u00f0a\u00f0a \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin er lang\u00feyngst (LIX 45). N\u00fa er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 alh\u00e6fa \u00fat fr\u00e1 einni m\u00e1lsgrein, auk \u00feess sem skiptar sko\u00f0anir eru um gildi LIX-form\u00falunnar. En varla leikur vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lengd m\u00e1lsgreina og l\u00f6ng or\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 lesskilning. \u00deess vegna \u00fearf a\u00f0 huga a\u00f0 \u00feessu \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni.<\/p>\n

\u00cd enska textanum er vatni\u00f0 \u00ed \u00e1nni\u00a0brown<\/em>, og \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00fdtt sem\u00a0br\u00fant<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed upphaflegu \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni \u2013 sem er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki r\u00f6ng \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing, \u00feannig s\u00e9\u00f0. En \u00ed endursko\u00f0u\u00f0u \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni er vatni\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0m\u00f3rautt<\/em>. N\u00fa er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00edslenska m\u00e1lhef\u00f0 a\u00f0 tala um \u00e1 \u00ed vexti<\/a> sem\u00a0m\u00f3rau\u00f0a<\/em>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0kolm\u00f3rau\u00f0a\u00a0<\/em>frekar en\u00a0br\u00fana<\/em>. \u00cd \u00feeim skilningi er auglj\u00f3slega betra m\u00e1l \u00e1 endursko\u00f0u\u00f0u \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni. Hins vegar er alls ekki v\u00edst a\u00f0 unglingarnir sem taka pr\u00f3fi\u00f0 \u00feekki l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0m\u00f3rau\u00f0ur<\/em>. \u00cd\u00a0Risam\u00e1lheild<\/em>\u00a0eru\u00a09.418<\/a>\u00a0d\u00e6mi um\u00a0br\u00fann<\/em>, en a\u00f0eins\u00a0562<\/a>\u00a0um\u00a0m\u00f3rau\u00f0ur<\/em>. S\u00e9 liti\u00f0 \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0nir\u00f6\u00f0<\/a> er\u00a0br\u00fann<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed s\u00e6ti 7.120, en\u00a0m\u00f3rau\u00f0ur<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed s\u00e6ti 48.118. Til samanbur\u00f0ar er\u00a0brown<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed s\u00e6ti 1.782 \u00ed\u00a0enskri t\u00ed\u00f0niskr\u00e1<\/a>. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00feessi breyting vir\u00f0ist til b\u00f3ta, fr\u00e1 sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i \u00edslensks m\u00e1ls, \u00fe\u00e1 gerir h\u00fan textann \u00ed raun \u00feyngri og skekkir \u00fear me\u00f0 samanbur\u00f0argrundv\u00f6llinn.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0 dissolving<\/em> \u00ed enska textanum er upphaflega \u00fe\u00fdtt me\u00f0 ey\u00f0a upp<\/em> en \u00ed endanlegum texta me\u00f0 svarfa \u00far<\/em>. \u00cd Risam\u00e1lheild<\/em> eru 113.079<\/a> d\u00e6mi um ey\u00f0a <\/em>(\u00fear af a\u00f0eins 152<\/a> um ey\u00f0a upp<\/em>)\u00a0en 15<\/a> d\u00e6mi um svarfa <\/em>(\u00fear af 3<\/a> um svarfa \u00far<\/em>) og ey\u00f0a<\/em> er \u00ed s\u00e6ti 1.087, en svarfa<\/em> er ekki me\u00f0al fj\u00f6gur hundru\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fasund algengustu or\u00f0a m\u00e1lsins. Til samanbur\u00f0ar er dissolve<\/em> \u00ed s\u00e6ti 4.337 \u00ed ensku. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed segja a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed pr\u00f3finu sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9 alltof \u00feungt, en or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed upphaflegu \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingunni of l\u00e9tt ef mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gnina eina en of \u00feungt ef mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 ey\u00f0a upp<\/em>. \u00c9g er ekki a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 d\u00e6migert fyrir vinnubr\u00f6g\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu pr\u00f3fsins. \u00c9g er bara a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 skiptir miklu a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingin s\u00e9 bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 bestu tilt\u00e6ku uppl\u00fdsingum um or\u00f0afor\u00f0a og or\u00f0t\u00ed\u00f0ni. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur ekki veri\u00f0 gert.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g er ekki einn um a\u00f0 hafa gert athugasemdir<\/a> vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu og m\u00e1lfar<\/a> PISA-pr\u00f3fsins. \u00c1sd\u00eds Berg\u00fe\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur gagnr\u00fdndi \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0inguna har\u00f0lega<\/a> fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum, og \u00e9g s\u00e1 ekki betur en s\u00fa gagnr\u00fdni v\u00e6ri r\u00e9ttm\u00e6t a\u00f0 mestu leyti. Anna Ing\u00f3lfsd\u00f3ttir, pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed t\u00f6lvunarfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 HR og framhaldssk\u00f3lakennari \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i til margra \u00e1ra sag\u00f0i n\u00fdlega \u00e1 Facebook<\/a>: \u201e\u00e9g tel a\u00f0 P\u00edsak\u00f6nnuninni \u00feurfi a\u00f0 taka me\u00f0 fyrirvara. \u00c9g s\u00e1 til d\u00e6mis eitt verkefni\u00f0 \u00ed raungreinum og \u00fea\u00f0 var svo illa \u00fe\u00fdtt (\u00f3lj\u00f3st or\u00f0alag) a\u00f0 \u00e9g \u00e1tti fullt \u00ed fangi me\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e1tta mig til hvers var \u00e6tlast. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 bera saman ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00far mismunandi l\u00f6ndum, \u00fearf ma\u00f0ur a\u00f0 vera viss um a\u00f0 pr\u00f3fin s\u00e9u samb\u00e6rileg.\u201c \u00cd \u00feessu sambandi er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 vekja athygli \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00e6\u00f0i st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i- og n\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0ipr\u00f3funum er mikill texti, og skilningur \u00e1 honum er forsenda \u00feess a\u00f0 geta svara\u00f0 spurningunum, ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en kunn\u00e1tta \u00ed st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0i og n\u00e1tt\u00farufr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/p>\n

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 hafa miklar efasemdir um markt\u00e6kni \u00edslenska PISA-pr\u00f3fsins finnst m\u00e9r ekki \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 draga \u00ed efa a\u00f0 lesskilningi \u00edslenskra ungmenna fari hrakandi, en \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 endurspegli fyrst og fremst veikari st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslenskunnar<\/a> \u00ed m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9laginu \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum en \u00e1\u00f0ur \u2013 sem \u00fdmsar v\u00edsbendingar eru um.\u00a0\u00dea\u00f0 hefur margsinnis veri\u00f0 bent \u00e1<\/a> hvernig samf\u00e9lags- og t\u00e6knibreytingar hafa \u00ferengt a\u00f0 \u00edslenskunni undanfarinn \u00e1ratug. B\u00f6rn og unglingar eru \u00ed miklu meiri tengslum en \u00e1\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 enskan m\u00e1lheim og lesa minna \u00e1 \u00edslensku. \u00dea\u00f0 getur leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feau tileinki s\u00e9r ekki \u00fdmis or\u00f0 og setningager\u00f0ir sem eru forsenda \u00feess a\u00f0 skilja fj\u00f6lbreytta texta til hl\u00edtar. \u00der\u00f3unin \u00e6tti \u00fev\u00ed ekki a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 \u00f3vart, en \u00feetta kallar \u00e1 \u00f6nnur vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 en ef um t\u00e6knileg atri\u00f0i var\u00f0andi lestur er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a.\u00a0 L\u00e6sis\u00e1taki\u00f0<\/a> sem hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed gangi er ugglaust gott og gilt en \u00fea\u00f0 er samt h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 skili litlu ef ekki er um lei\u00f0 huga\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 styrkja st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00edslenskunnar \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu, ekki s\u00edst me\u00f0al barna og unglinga.<\/p>\n

Til \u00feess \u00fearf margv\u00edslegar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir<\/a> og \u00fea\u00f0 er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0ast a\u00f0 r\u00f3tum vandans, og fr\u00e1leitt a\u00f0 varpa allri \u00e1byrg\u00f0inni \u00e1 sk\u00f3lakerfi\u00f0 e\u00f0a kenna \u00fev\u00ed um st\u00f6\u00f0una. Ef vi\u00f0 viljum b\u00e6ta lesskilning ungs f\u00f3lks er forgangsverkefni a\u00f0 efla ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 \u00edslenskum or\u00f0afor\u00f0a og setningager\u00f0 \u2013 setja fram r\u00f6kstudd vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0a or\u00f0afor\u00f0a og hva\u00f0a setningager\u00f0ir hver aldursh\u00f3pur \u00fearf a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1 valdi s\u00ednu, og \u00fatb\u00faa s\u00ed\u00f0an vi\u00f0eigandi kennsluefni fyrir hvern aldursh\u00f3p. Til a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last g\u00f3\u00f0an lesskilning \u00feurfa b\u00f6rnin a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra annars konar or\u00f0afor\u00f0a en f\u00e6st me\u00f0 venjulegum yndislestri, og n\u00e1 valdi \u00e1 fj\u00f6lbreyttari og fl\u00f3knari setningager\u00f0um en nota\u00f0ar eru \u00ed samt\u00f6lum og af\u00fereyingarefni.\u00a0\u00deennan or\u00f0afor\u00f0a og \u00feessar setningager\u00f0ir \u00fearf a\u00f0 kenna s\u00e9rstaklega<\/a>, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta b\u00f6rn og unglinga lesa vi\u00f0eigandi texta. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf l\u00edka a\u00f0 st\u00f3rauka frambo\u00f0 \u00e1 fj\u00f6lbreyttu fr\u00e6\u00f0slu- og af\u00fereyingarefni \u00e1 \u00edslensku.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 auka \u00edslenskukennslu \u00ed sk\u00f3lum og endursko\u00f0a n\u00e1msefni eins og \u00e1 a\u00f0 gera samkv\u00e6mt \u00feings\u00e1lyktun s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed vor<\/a>, en \u00fea\u00f0 dugir skammt ef grundv\u00f6llurinn, sem er lag\u00f0ur \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i \u00e1 fyrstu \u00e1rum barnsins, er of veikur. Samtal foreldra og barna, og lestur fyrir b\u00f6rn og me\u00f0 b\u00f6rnum, er frumforsendan.\u00a0Ef \u00feessi grundv\u00f6llur er sterkur getur sk\u00f3lakerfi\u00f0 byggt ofan \u00e1 hann og eflt lesskilning. En \u00fe\u00e1 skiptir m\u00e1li a\u00f0 kennslut\u00edminn s\u00e9 n\u00fdttur vel<\/a> \u2013 ekki \u00ed \u00f3frj\u00f3a greiningarvinnu e\u00f0a vonlausa bar\u00e1ttu vi\u00f0 langt gengnar m\u00e1lbreytingar<\/a>, heldur \u00ed lestur hvers kyns texta, eflingu or\u00f0afor\u00f0a og \u00fej\u00e1lfun \u00ed ritun og munnlegri tj\u00e1ningu. \u00dea\u00f0 skiptir \u00f6llu m\u00e1li a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e1byrg\u00f0in \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta \u00far ver\u00f0ur ekki l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 sk\u00f3lakerfi\u00f0 eitt og s\u00e9r \u2013 \u00feetta er ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur verkefni foreldra og annarra uppalenda, og samf\u00e9lagsins \u00ed heild.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[Erindi flutt \u00e1 fundinum Lykillinn a\u00f0 heiminum: Menntun skapar t\u00e6kif\u00e6ri, 16. jan\u00faar 2020.] \u00de\u00f3tt \u00e9g hafi gagnr\u00fdnt PISA-pr\u00f3fin nokku\u00f0 harkalega, b\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00fana og ekki s\u00edst fyrir \u00feremur \u00e1rum, vil \u00e9g \u00ed upphafi taka fram a\u00f0 \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00feessi pr\u00f3f s\u00e9u \u00ed grundvallaratri\u00f0um mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0 og gagnleg, \u00fathugsu\u00f0 og vel samin, og geti \u00feess vegna […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1973"}],"version-history":[{"count":32,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7495,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1973\/revisions\/7495"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}