{"id":2031,"date":"2020-02-01T07:00:49","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T07:00:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=2031"},"modified":"2020-12-21T17:23:41","modified_gmt":"2020-12-21T17:23:41","slug":"islenskan-sem-menningarverdmaeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/02\/01\/islenskan-sem-menningarverdmaeti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdslenskan sem menningarver\u00f0m\u00e6ti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>1. \u00cdslensk m\u00e1lr\u00e6kt felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0<\/strong> <strong>hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00ed hverju tungum\u00e1li felast menningarver\u00f0m\u00e6ti og vi\u00f0 berum \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00edslenskunnar.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 um <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/guides\/how-many-languages\">sj\u00f6 \u00fe\u00fasund tungum\u00e1l<\/a> s\u00e9u n\u00fa t\u00f6lu\u00f0 \u00ed heiminum. R\u00fam 40% \u00feeirra, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/guides\/how-many-languages-endangered\">t\u00e6p \u00ferj\u00fa \u00fe\u00fasund<\/a>, eru talin \u00ed \u00fatr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6ttu og <a href=\"https:\/\/interestingengineering.com\/how-many-languages-will-disappear-by-the-end-of-the-century\">tv\u00f6 \u00fe\u00fasund<\/a> af \u00feeim eru t\u00f6lu\u00f0 af f\u00e6rri en \u00fe\u00fasund manns. UNESCO \u00e1\u00e6tlar a\u00f0 meira en helmingur \u00feeirra tungum\u00e1la sem n\u00fa eru t\u00f6lu\u00f0 muni deyja \u00fat fyrir lok \u00feessarar aldar og hefur sett fram <a href=\"http:\/\/www.unesco.org\/new\/fileadmin\/MULTIMEDIA\/HQ\/CLT\/pdf\/FlyerEndangeredLanguages-WebVersion.pdf\">\u00e1\u00e6tlun um tungum\u00e1l \u00ed h\u00e6ttu<\/a> (<em>Endangered Language Programme<\/em>) til a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 var\u00f0veislu sem flestra m\u00e1la vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6llum \u00feessum tungum\u00e1lum felast \u00f3metanleg menningarver\u00f0m\u00e6ti.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00e9rhvert tungum\u00e1l er einstakt \u2013 or\u00f0afor\u00f0i \u00feess, setningager\u00f0 og hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi er fr\u00e1brug\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00f6llum \u00f6\u00f0rum tungum\u00e1lum, merkingar\u00adbl\u00e6brig\u00f0in sem \u00fea\u00f0 getur tj\u00e1\u00f0 geyma reynslu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0anna og eru \u00f6nnur en \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00e1lum. Tungum\u00e1l sem deyr er a\u00f0 eil\u00edfu glata\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fe\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum um \u00fea\u00f0 miklar ritheimildir og uppt\u00f6kur, sem sjaldnast er (og <a href=\"https:\/\/vigdis.hi.is\/sorglegur-dagur-i-sogu-menningur-visinda-mannfraedi-og-tungumala\/\">sl\u00edk g\u00f6gn eru forgengileg<\/a> eins og sanna\u00f0ist \u00e1takanlega \u00ed bruna \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafns Brasil\u00edu hausti\u00f0 2018), ver\u00f0ur \u00fea\u00f0 aldrei endurvaki\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00f6mu mynd \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tungum\u00e1l l\u00e6rist ekki til hl\u00edtar nema berast fr\u00e1 manni til manns \u2013 fr\u00e1 foreldrum til barna.<\/p>\n<p>Samkv\u00e6mt <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000183699\">m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a UNESCO um l\u00edfv\u00e6nleik tungum\u00e1la<\/a> er \u00edslenska \u00ed fimmta og efsta styrkleikaflokki og er <a href=\"http:\/\/languagesindanger.eu\/book-of-knowledge\/language-endangerment\/\">\u00f6rugg<\/a> (<em>safe<\/em>). Kvar\u00f0i UNESCO byggist \u00e1 nokkrum m\u00e6listikum og hinga\u00f0 til hefur veri\u00f0 tali\u00f0 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt a\u00f0 \u00edslenska s\u00e9 \u00ed efsta \u00ferepi \u00e1 \u00feeim \u00f6llum. Til a\u00f0 komast \u00ed efsta \u00ferepi\u00f0 \u00fearf m\u00e1li\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera nota\u00f0 af \u00f6llum aldursh\u00f3pum, fr\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum og upp \u00far; vera nota\u00f0 af \u00f6llum \u00edb\u00faum m\u00e1lsv\u00e6\u00f0isins; vera nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um og til allra \u00fearfa; a\u00f0lagast n\u00fdjum notkunarsvi\u00f0um; og eiga s\u00e9r ritm\u00e1l, rithef\u00f0, m\u00e1ll\u00fdsingar, or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur, b\u00f3kmenntir og fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la, og ritm\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 vera nota\u00f0 \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu og menntun.<\/p>\n<p>En ef til vill er ekki lengur alveg lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00edslenska n\u00e1i efsta \u00ferepi samkv\u00e6mt \u00f6llum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um. <a href=\"http:\/\/notendur.hi.is\/eirikur\/skirnir.pdf\">Utana\u00f0komandi \u00e1reiti<\/a> \u00e1 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 hefur st\u00f3raukist \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ratug, b\u00e6\u00f0i af v\u00f6ldum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adf\u00e9lags\u00adbreytinga og t\u00e6knibreytinga. \u00deeim \u00edb\u00faum landsins sem ekki tala \u00edslensku fer t.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skra.is\/um-okkur\/frettir\/frett\/2019\/11\/19\/Erlendir-rikisborgarar-busettir-a-Islandi\/\">\u00f6rt fj\u00f6lg\u00adandi<\/a>, og enskunotkun fer vaxandi \u00e1 \u00fdmsum svi\u00f0um, t.d. \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruv.is\/frett\/enskan-mikilvaegust-thurfa-ad-skilja-fulla-ira\">fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskan.is\/images\/Alyktanir-pdf\/Alyktun_IM_2010.pdf\">h\u00e1sk\u00f3lakennslu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbl.is\/greinasafn\/grein\/1165320\/\">vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu<\/a> og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. Jafnframt hafa komi\u00f0 fram vangaveltur um hugsanlega <a href=\"http:\/\/hugras.is\/2016\/08\/snjalltaekjavaedingin-og-maltaka-islenskra-barna\/\">truflun \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6ku<\/a> vegna \u00f3n\u00f3grar \u00edslensku \u00ed m\u00e1lumhverfinu. \u00de\u00e1 g\u00e6ti al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00e6\u00f0ingin haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 vi\u00f0horf m\u00e1lnotenda til \u00edslenskunnar og valdi\u00f0 \u00feannig auknum \u00fer\u00fdstingi \u00e1 hana.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dear a\u00f0 auki er ekki v\u00edst a\u00f0 \u00feessi vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 dugi lengur til a\u00f0 m\u00e6la l\u00edfv\u00e6nleik tungum\u00e1la \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed stafr\u00e6na \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi sem vi\u00f0 b\u00faum n\u00fa \u00ed. \u00c1hrif tungum\u00e1la hvers \u00e1 anna\u00f0 berast n\u00fa ekki eing\u00f6ngu gegnum samb\u00fdli \u00ed raunheiminum, heldur ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur gegnum <a href=\"http:\/\/molicodilaco.hi.is\/\">stafr\u00e6nt m\u00e1lsamb\u00fdli<\/a> \u2013 net- og snjallt\u00e6kjanotkun, \u00e1horf \u00e1 efni \u00e1 erlendum efnis- og streymisveitum eins og YouTube og Netflix, spilun t\u00f6lvuleikja \u00e1 ensku o.fl., og langt\u00edma\u00e1hrif \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta eru \u00f3lj\u00f3s. Eitt er \u00fe\u00f3 alveg lj\u00f3st: \u00dea\u00f0 er okkar a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan lifi. Ef m\u00e1lnotendur hafa ekki \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 og \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00feau menningarver\u00f0m\u00e6ti sem \u00fea\u00f0 geymir er \u00fea\u00f0 dau\u00f0ad\u00e6mt. \u00c1byrg\u00f0in er okkar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u00cdslensk m\u00e1lr\u00e6kt felst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 \u00ed hverju tungum\u00e1li felast menningarver\u00f0m\u00e6ti og vi\u00f0 berum \u00e1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00edslenskunnar. Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 um sj\u00f6 \u00fe\u00fasund tungum\u00e1l s\u00e9u n\u00fa t\u00f6lu\u00f0 \u00ed heiminum. R\u00fam 40% \u00feeirra, t\u00e6p \u00ferj\u00fa \u00fe\u00fasund, eru talin \u00ed \u00fatr\u00fdmingarh\u00e6ttu og tv\u00f6 \u00fe\u00fasund af \u00feeim eru t\u00f6lu\u00f0 af f\u00e6rri en [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635,158636],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2031","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar","category-malraekt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2031","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2031"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2031\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3428,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2031\/revisions\/3428"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2031"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2031"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2031"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}