{"id":2862,"date":"2020-08-28T23:52:04","date_gmt":"2020-08-28T23:52:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=2862"},"modified":"2020-08-30T13:36:12","modified_gmt":"2020-08-30T13:36:12","slug":"ast","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/08\/28\/ast\/","title":{"rendered":"-ast"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Or\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 <em>-ast<\/em> eru yfirleitt mi\u00f0mynd sagna. Mi\u00f0myndarendingin <em>\u2013st<\/em> (\u00e1\u00f0ur <em>-sk<\/em>) er or\u00f0in til \u00far afturbeyg\u00f0a fornafninu <em>sig<\/em> (\u00e1\u00f0ur <em>sik<\/em>) og stundum er merking mi\u00f0myndarinnar nokkurn veginn s\u00fa sama og merking germyndar me\u00f0 afturbeyg\u00f0u fornafni \u2013 <em>kl\u00e6ddist <\/em>merkir u.\u00fe.b. sama og <em>kl\u00e6ddi sig<\/em>, <em>festist<\/em> merkir u.\u00fe.b. sama og <em>festi sig<\/em>, o.s.frv. \u00deetta er \u00fe\u00f3 fjarri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera algilt. Stundum er merking mi\u00f0myndarinnar gagnverkandi \u2013 <em>\u00feau kysstust<\/em>\/<em>hittust<\/em>\/<em>b\u00f6r\u00f0ust<\/em> o.s.frv. Stundum er merking mi\u00f0myndarinnar talsvert \u00f6nnur en samsvarandi germyndar \u2013 <em>\u00feykjast<\/em> er allt anna\u00f0 en <em>\u00feykja<\/em>, <em>farast<\/em> er allt anna\u00f0 en <em>fara<\/em>. Og stundum er mi\u00f0myndin leidd af annarri sagnmynd en nafnh\u00e6tti \u2013 <em>hlotnast <\/em>er af l\u00fdsingarh\u00e6ttinum <em>hlotinn<\/em>, ekki af <em>hlj\u00f3ta<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 kemur l\u00edka fyrir a\u00f0 a\u00f0eins s\u00e9 til mi\u00f0mynd en ekki samsvarandi germynd. \u00de\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum s\u00f6gnina <em>fer\u00f0ast<\/em> er h\u00fan ekki leidd af *<em>fer\u00f0a<\/em>, enda er s\u00fa s\u00f6gn ekki til, heldur af nafnor\u00f0inu <em>fer\u00f0<\/em>. \u00deetta var sjaldg\u00e6ft til skamms t\u00edma, en \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum hefur vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 <em>-ast<\/em> or\u00f0i\u00f0 frj\u00f3samt til myndunar sagna af nafnor\u00f0um. Eitt elsta og \u00feekktasta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 er <em>j\u00f3last<\/em> \u2013 \u201ehvers vir\u00f0i ver\u00f0a j\u00f3lin ef ma\u00f0ur ekki j\u00f3last \u00feessi j\u00f3l?\u201c segir \u00ed kv\u00e6\u00f0i eftir R\u00fanar \u00c1rmann Arthursson \u00ed <em>St\u00fadentabla\u00f0inu<\/em> 1972. F\u00e1ein \u00f6nnur d\u00e6mi eru um \u00feetta or\u00f0 \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>, sum innan g\u00e6salappa til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna a\u00f0 um \u00f3formlegt or\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. En or\u00f0i\u00f0 er algengt \u00ed talm\u00e1li og er nota\u00f0 um hvers kyns j\u00f3laundirb\u00faning \u2013 a\u00f0 fara \u00ed b\u00fa\u00f0ir, kaupa gjafir, skreyta, baka o.s.frv.<\/p>\n<p>Fj\u00f6ldamargar sagnir af \u00feessu tagi m\u00e1 finna \u00e1 netinu og heyra \u00ed daglegu tali f\u00f3lks. Oft er um augnabliksmyndanir a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u2013 or\u00f0 sem ver\u00f0a til vi\u00f0 tilteknar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feegar \u00e1 \u00feeim \u00fearf a\u00f0 halda, og eru \u00fe\u00e1 skiljanleg \u00fat fr\u00e1 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0unum, en eru svo kannski aldrei notu\u00f0 aftur. F\u00e1einar sl\u00edkra sagna sem \u00e9g hef rekist \u00e1 eru <em>bj\u00f3rast<\/em>, <em>facebookast<\/em>, <em>hamborgarast<\/em>, <em>hipsterast<\/em>, <em>kaffast<\/em>, <em>kaffih\u00fasast<\/em>, <em>mammast<\/em>, <em>pabbast<\/em>, <em>s\u00edmast<\/em>, <em>t\u00f6lvast<\/em>. Enga \u00feessara sagna er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed \u00edslenskum or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum og f\u00e6star vir\u00f0ast hafa komist \u00e1 prent. \u00deessi or\u00f0myndun er n\u00e6r algerlega bundin vi\u00f0 \u00f3formlegt m\u00e1lsni\u00f0 \u2013 talm\u00e1l, blogg, samf\u00e9lagsmi\u00f0la o.\u00fe.h. Fyrir utan <em>j\u00f3last<\/em> eru \u00fea\u00f0 helst <em>mammast<\/em>, <em>pabbast <\/em>og <em>t\u00f6lvast<\/em> sem eru \u00ed einhverri notkun, s\u00fdnist m\u00e9r.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/files\/2020\/08\/ast.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Me\u00f0fylgjandi d\u00e6mi af netinu s\u00fdna a\u00f0 <em>-ast<\/em> b\u00e6tist vi\u00f0 stofn nafnor\u00f0a af \u00fdmsu tagi og af \u00fdmsum merkingarsvi\u00f0um. Merkingarvenslin m\u00e1 reyna a\u00f0 or\u00f0a \u00feannig a\u00f0 <em>X+ast<\/em> (\u00fear sem X stendur fyrir nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a) merki \u2018nota X miki\u00f0\u2019, \u2018vera ni\u00f0ursokkinn \u00ed X\u2019, e\u00f0a \u2018haga s\u00e9r eins og X\u2019. \u00cd raun m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 <em>-ast<\/em> komi \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00f6gn sem er d\u00e6miger\u00f0ust me\u00f0 X. \u00deannig merkir <em>bj\u00f3rast<\/em> \u2018drekka bj\u00f3r\u2019, <em>Facebookast<\/em> merkir \u2018hanga \u00e1 Facebook\u2019, <em>hamborgarast<\/em> merkir \u2018bor\u00f0a hamborgara\u2019, <em>kaffih\u00fasast<\/em> merkir \u2018sitja \u00e1 kaffih\u00fasi\u2019, <em>s\u00edmast<\/em> merkir \u2018tala \u00ed s\u00edma\u2019 o.s.frv. \u00deegar X er or\u00f0 um hlutverk e\u00f0a mannger\u00f0 er oft ekki um neina d\u00e6miger\u00f0a s\u00f6gn a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a en \u00fe\u00e1 merkir <em>X+ast<\/em> \u2018heg\u00f0a s\u00e9r eins og X\u2019e\u00f0a \u2018leika hlutverk X\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist vera h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mynda <em>-ast<\/em>-or\u00f0 af n\u00e1nast hva\u00f0a nafnor\u00f0i sem er \u2013 eina takm\u00f6rkunin er s\u00fa a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 kenna ath\u00f6fn, heg\u00f0un e\u00f0a verkna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 einhvern h\u00e1tt. <em>-ast <\/em>felur \u00ed s\u00e9r \u00e1herslu \u00e1 \u00feetta \u00ed einhverjum skilningi \u2013 a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur lifi sig inn \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0, stundi \u00fea\u00f0 af \u00e1kafa e\u00f0a heilum hug, e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 sl\u00edkt. \u00c9g er alltaf a\u00f0 heyra e\u00f0a sj\u00e1 n\u00fd or\u00f0 af \u00feessu tagi \u2013 \u00ed vikunni heyr\u00f0i \u00e9g t.d. \u00ed \u00fatvarpinu um t\u00f3nlistarmann sem v\u00e6ri farinn a\u00f0 <em>pl\u00f6tusn\u00fa\u00f0ast <\/em>aftur. \u00dea\u00f0 er gaman a\u00f0 velta \u00feessari or\u00f0myndun fyrir s\u00e9r fr\u00e1 \u00fdmsum sj\u00f3narhornum, t.d. \u00ed kennslu. Eru einhver takm\u00f6rk \u00e1 henni? Hva\u00f0 gerir hana \u00f3formlega? Af hverju er <em>j\u00f3last<\/em> \u00f3formlegt m\u00e1l en <em>fer\u00f0ast<\/em> ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt myndunin s\u00e9 hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0? G\u00e6tu \u00feessi or\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0last formlegan sess \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Or\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 -ast eru yfirleitt mi\u00f0mynd sagna. Mi\u00f0myndarendingin \u2013st (\u00e1\u00f0ur -sk) er or\u00f0in til \u00far afturbeyg\u00f0a fornafninu sig (\u00e1\u00f0ur sik) og stundum er merking mi\u00f0myndarinnar nokkurn veginn s\u00fa sama og merking germyndar me\u00f0 afturbeyg\u00f0u fornafni \u2013 kl\u00e6ddist merkir u.\u00fe.b. sama og kl\u00e6ddi sig, festist merkir u.\u00fe.b. sama og festi sig, o.s.frv. \u00deetta er [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2862"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2877,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2862\/revisions\/2877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}