{"id":3039,"date":"2020-10-09T08:00:31","date_gmt":"2020-10-09T08:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3039"},"modified":"2020-10-06T21:04:07","modified_gmt":"2020-10-06T21:04:07","slug":"laerd-og-virk-ordmyndun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/10\/09\/laerd-og-virk-ordmyndun\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e6r\u00f0 og virk or\u00f0myndun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oft er ger\u00f0ur munur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem kalla\u00f0 er l\u00e6r\u00f0<\/strong> og virk or\u00f0myndun<\/strong>. Me\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0ri or\u00f0myndun er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar einhver \u2013 einstaklingur e\u00f0a h\u00f3pur \u2013 tekur sig til og \u00e1kve\u00f0ur a\u00f0 b\u00faa til \u00edslenskt or\u00f0 yfir tilteki\u00f0 hugtak, e\u00f0a \u00edslenska samsv\u00f6run \u00e1kve\u00f0ins erlends or\u00f0s. Stundum er \u00fear a\u00f0eins um eitt or\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a (\u00ed einu), en meginhluti sl\u00edkrar or\u00f0asm\u00ed\u00f0i fer fram \u00ed or\u00f0anefndum<\/a> sem f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 semja \u00edslensk fagor\u00f0 (\u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0) \u00ed tiltekinni grein, s.s. i\u00f0ngrein e\u00f0a v\u00edsindagrein. \u00cd sl\u00edkum or\u00f0anefndum sitja yfirleitt s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi grein, en f\u00e1 oft r\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f fr\u00e1 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum.<\/p>\n

\u00deess vegna er \u00fea\u00f0 algengt \u00ed \u00feessari tegund or\u00f0myndunar a\u00f0 notu\u00f0 s\u00e9u forskeyti e\u00f0a vi\u00f0skeyti sem eru g\u00f6mul \u00ed m\u00e1linu, en hafa n\u00fa glata\u00f0 merkingu sinni a\u00f0 einhverju e\u00f0a \u00f6llu leyti. \u00deetta t\u00e1knar a\u00f0 n\u00fdyr\u00f0in sem myndu\u00f0 eru me\u00f0 \u00feeim ver\u00f0a oft ekki gagns\u00e6; \u00fe.e., oft er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 skilja \u00feau svo a\u00f0 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt s\u00e9 \u00fat fr\u00e1 merkingu einstakra hluta \u00feeirra. Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -ald <\/em>hefur t.d. veri\u00f0 d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 nota\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00e6r\u00f0ri or\u00f0myndun, \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og m\u00f3tald<\/a><\/em>, pakkald<\/a><\/em>, rafald<\/a> <\/em>o.fl., en \u00fea\u00f0 hefur enga fasta merkingu sem geri f\u00f3lki kleift a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 merkingu or\u00f0anna.<\/p>\n

\u00cd l\u00e6r\u00f0ri or\u00f0myndun eru l\u00edka stundum tekin upp g\u00f6mul \u00edslensk or\u00f0, sem fallin hafa veri\u00f0 \u00far notkun, og \u00feeim gefin n\u00fd merking; stundum eitthva\u00f0 breytt\u00adum. \u00deekktasta d\u00e6mi um \u00feetta er or\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00edmi<\/em>, sem til var \u00ed fornm\u00e1li, stundum sem hvorugkynsor\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00edma<\/em>, og merkti<\/a> \u2018band, \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0ur\u2019, en var svo endurvaki\u00f0 og gefin n\u00faverandi merking um aldam\u00f3tin 1900. Einnig m\u00e1 nefna or\u00f0i\u00f0 bur<\/em>, sem \u00ed fornm\u00e1li merkir<\/a> \u2018sonur\u2019 en lagt hefur veri\u00f0 til a\u00f0 ver\u00f0i nota\u00f0 \u00ed hvorugkyni sem kynhlutlaust or\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni<\/a> \u2018barn, afkv\u00e6mi\u2019 til hli\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 sonur<\/em>\/d\u00f3ttir<\/em>, ekki s\u00edst \u00ed kennin\u00f6fnum.<\/p>\n

Virk or\u00f0myndun er \u00fea\u00f0 aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti kalla\u00f0 \u00feegar or\u00f0 sprettur upp vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feess er \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0num sta\u00f0 og t\u00edma, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 endilega skr\u00e1\u00f0 \u00e1 bla\u00f0, og oft \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 nokkurn s\u00e9rstakan h\u00f6fund. Vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 b\u00faum oft til or\u00f0 um lei\u00f0 og vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum \u00e1 \u00feeim a\u00f0 halda ver\u00f0a \u00feau a\u00f0 vera gagns\u00e6; vi\u00f0m\u00e6landinn ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed umsvifalaust hva\u00f0 vi\u00f0 eigum vi\u00f0. Ef \u00fea\u00f0 gerist ekki, og vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 fara a\u00f0 \u00fatsk\u00fdra or\u00f0i\u00f0, er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 til l\u00edtils barist; \u00fe\u00e1 er eins gott a\u00f0 byrja \u00e1 \u00fatsk\u00fdringunni.<\/p>\n

Af \u00feessu lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 \u00ed virkri or\u00f0myndun eru a\u00f0allega nota\u00f0ar samsetn\u00adingar, og svo tilt\u00f6lulega f\u00e1 forskeyti og vi\u00f0skeyti sem hafa nokku\u00f0 fasta og afmarka\u00f0a merkingu, svo sem \u00f3\u2011<\/em>, \u2011legur<\/em>, \u2011ari<\/em> og \u2011un<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3tt tengsl \u00feeirra vi\u00f0 grunnor\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9u a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki alltaf \u00feau s\u00f6mu (t.d. \u00ed \u00f3n\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00f3lykt<\/em>, e\u00f0a ellilegur<\/em> og asnalegur<\/em>), \u00fe\u00e1 sk\u00fdra or\u00f0 sem me\u00f0 \u00feeim eru myndu\u00f0 sig oftast sj\u00e1lf. \u00cd virkri or\u00f0myndun er l\u00edka miki\u00f0 um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 tekin s\u00e9u erlend or\u00f0 og l\u00f6gu\u00f0 meira og minna a\u00f0 \u00edslensku \u2013 sett \u00e1 \u00feau \u00edslenskar beygingarendingar e\u00f0a \u00edslensk a\u00f0skeyti (t\u00f6ffari<\/em>), breytt um or\u00f0flokk (s\u00edna<\/a><\/em>) o.fl.<\/p>\n

Annars m\u00e1 ekki skilja \u00feetta svo a\u00f0 alltaf s\u00e9 sk\u00fdr munur \u00e1 l\u00e6r\u00f0ri og virkri or\u00f0myndun. Svo er ekki; miklu fremur m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9u tveir andst\u00e6\u00f0ir p\u00f3lar, en milli \u00feeirra s\u00e9 samfella \u00fear sem \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt er a\u00f0 draga \u00e1kve\u00f0in skil. En me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0abankann<\/a> <\/em>annars vegar og N\u00fdyr\u00f0avef<\/a><\/em> \u00c1rnastofnunar hins vegar m\u00e1 f\u00e1 \u00e1g\u00e6ta hugmynd um muninn \u00e1 or\u00f0um sem ver\u00f0a til vi\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0a og virka or\u00f0myndun.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oft er ger\u00f0ur munur \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem kalla\u00f0 er l\u00e6r\u00f0 og virk or\u00f0myndun. Me\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0ri or\u00f0myndun er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar einhver \u2013 einstaklingur e\u00f0a h\u00f3pur \u2013 tekur sig til og \u00e1kve\u00f0ur a\u00f0 b\u00faa til \u00edslenskt or\u00f0 yfir tilteki\u00f0 hugtak, e\u00f0a \u00edslenska samsv\u00f6run \u00e1kve\u00f0ins erlends or\u00f0s. Stundum er \u00fear a\u00f0eins um eitt or\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3039","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3039"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3039\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3040,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3039\/revisions\/3040"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3039"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3039"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3039"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}