{"id":3075,"date":"2020-10-21T09:49:42","date_gmt":"2020-10-21T09:49:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3075"},"modified":"2020-10-21T09:49:42","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T09:49:42","slug":"hvada-leidir-eru-faerar-til-ad-tala-betri-islensku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/10\/21\/hvada-leidir-eru-faerar-til-ad-tala-betri-islensku\/","title":{"rendered":"Hva\u00f0a lei\u00f0ir eru f\u00e6rar til a\u00f0 tala betri \u00edslensku?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Fyrir nokkrum \u00e1rum var \u00e9g be\u00f0inn a\u00f0 svara \u00feessari spurningu fyrir V\u00edsindavefinn<\/a>.<\/em> Henni er erfitt a\u00f0 svara \u00e1 mj\u00f6g v\u00edsindalegan h\u00e1tt. \u00dea\u00f0 liggur ekki fyrir nein \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 skilgreining \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00edslenska, og jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt svo v\u00e6ri skortir ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig s\u00e9 best a\u00f0 bera sig a\u00f0 til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 betra valdi \u00e1 henni. \u00deetta svar byggist \u00fev\u00ed einkum \u00e1 vi\u00f0teknum hugmyndum og mati \u00feess sem svarar.<\/p>\n

En vi\u00f0 getum byrja\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 skilgreina hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00edslenska. \u00dev\u00ed er yfirleitt svara\u00f0 svo a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 m\u00e1l sem s\u00e9 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u00edslenska m\u00e1lstefnu<\/a> og \u00feann m\u00e1lsta\u00f0al<\/a> sem mi\u00f0a\u00f0 er vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi. S\u00e1 sta\u00f0all er reyndar hvergi skr\u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed heild en a\u00f0 talsver\u00f0u leyti m\u00e1 sty\u00f0jast vi\u00f0 \u00fdmis hj\u00e1lparg\u00f6gn eins og Handb\u00f3k<\/em> um<\/em> \u00edslensku<\/em><\/a> og M\u00e1lfarsbanka \u00c1rnastofnunar<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 s\u00e9 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 s\u00e9 nota\u00f0 \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 hef\u00f0<\/a> \u2013 \u00ed beygingum, setningager\u00f0, or\u00f0avali og merkingu or\u00f0a, notkun or\u00f0taka og fastra or\u00f0asambanda, og fleira. En \u00feetta er ekki n\u00f3g. \u00de\u00f3tt f\u00f3lk tali k\u00f3rr\u00e9tt m\u00e1l mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lsta\u00f0alinn er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki trygging fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 um g\u00f3\u00f0a \u00edslensku s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. Eftir sem \u00e1\u00f0ur getur st\u00edllinn veri\u00f0 kau\u00f0slegur, or\u00f0alag uppskr\u00fafa\u00f0 e\u00f0a flatneskjulegt, m\u00e1lsni\u00f0<\/a> \u00f3vi\u00f0eigandi og svo framvegis.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt oft s\u00e9 v\u00edsa\u00f0 til fornm\u00e1lsins<\/a> sem fyrirmyndar fer \u00fev\u00ed fjarri a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 eina vi\u00f0mi\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00ddmislegt hefur breyst fr\u00e1 forn\u00edslensku til n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1l \u2013 sum fornm\u00e1lsor\u00f0 eru n\u00fa alveg horfin en \u00f6nnur hafa breytt um merkingu, beyging margra or\u00f0a hefur breyst, og sumar setningager\u00f0ir horfi\u00f0. Vissulega getur fari\u00f0 vel \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 breg\u00f0a fyrir sig g\u00f6mlum or\u00f0um og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum sem n\u00fa heyrast sjaldan, en h\u00e6tta er \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00far \u00fev\u00ed ver\u00f0i st\u00edlbrot.<\/p>\n

Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed sem m\u00e1li skiptir til a\u00f0 um gott m\u00e1l s\u00e9 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a er a\u00f0 m\u00e1lsni\u00f0 s\u00e9 vi\u00f0 h\u00e6fi. \u00dea\u00f0 sem er gott m\u00e1l vi\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0nar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 vera \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0rar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Til d\u00e6mis m\u00e1 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt yfirleitt s\u00e9 tali\u00f0 \u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast erlend or\u00f0 og slangur \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u m\u00e1li geta sl\u00edk or\u00f0 stundum \u00e1tt vi\u00f0; \u201eEkkert or\u00f0 er skr\u00edpi ef \u00fea\u00f0 stendur \u00e1 r\u00e9ttum sta\u00f0\u201c skrifa\u00f0i Halld\u00f3r Laxness.<\/p>\n

\u00deeim sem spyrja hvernig eigi a\u00f0 tala betri \u00edslensku er venjulega bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 lesa sem mest, og lestur er mikilv\u00e6gur \u00e1 margan h\u00e1tt. Af lestri l\u00e6rir f\u00f3lk n\u00fd or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd og hvernig eigi a\u00f0 nota \u00feau, \u00e1ttar sig \u00e1 \u00fdmsum merkingarbl\u00e6brig\u00f0um or\u00f0a og or\u00f0asambanda sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feekkir fyrir, og f\u00e6r tilfinningu fyrir m\u00e1lsni\u00f0i \u2013 hva\u00f0 \u00e1 saman, hva\u00f0 tilheyrir hverri st\u00edltegund, hva\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00ed tilteknum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

Vissulega er mest a\u00f0 gr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 textum \u00e6f\u00f0ra h\u00f6funda sem skrifa af \u00f6ryggi, en til a\u00f0 f\u00e1 g\u00f3\u00f0a tilfinningu fyrir m\u00e1lsni\u00f0i og st\u00edl er mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 textarnir s\u00e9u af \u00fdmsu tagi \u2013 sk\u00e1ldverk, fr\u00e1sagnir, fr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00e6kur, bla\u00f0agreinar og fleira. Til a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra sem mest af lestrinum er mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 lesa ekki of hratt, heldur \u00edhuga hvert or\u00f0 og hverja m\u00e1lsgrein.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka br\u00e1\u00f0nau\u00f0synlegt a\u00f0 nota hvers kyns hj\u00e1lparg\u00f6gn<\/a>, b\u00e6\u00f0i prentu\u00f0 og rafr\u00e6n. M\u00e1lfarsbankinn<\/a> sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan er hluti af M\u00e1li\u00f0.is<\/a> en \u00fear er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 leita \u00ed einu \u00ed \u00fdmsum gagnas\u00f6fnum \u2013 auk M\u00e1lfarsbankans Beygingarl\u00fdsingu \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls<\/a>, Stafsetningaror\u00f0ab\u00f3kinni<\/a>, \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/a>, \u00cdslensku or\u00f0aneti<\/a> og \u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0abankanum<\/a>. Einnig er Snara<\/a>, en a\u00f0 henni \u00fearf a\u00f0 kaupa a\u00f0gang.<\/p>\n

Mikilv\u00e6gast er a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 hugsa um m\u00e1li\u00f0, taka eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvernig \u00fea\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed tali og riti, velta fyrir s\u00e9r mismunandi m\u00e1lnotkun, vega hana og meta. Hva\u00f0 finnst okkur gott m\u00e1l, og hvers vegna? \u00de\u00f3tt vel s\u00e9 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra a\u00f0 tala og rita gott m\u00e1l er t\u00e6past h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 kenna \u00fea\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00e6rist fyrst og fremst af reynslunni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fyrir nokkrum \u00e1rum var \u00e9g be\u00f0inn a\u00f0 svara \u00feessari spurningu fyrir V\u00edsindavefinn. Henni er erfitt a\u00f0 svara \u00e1 mj\u00f6g v\u00edsindalegan h\u00e1tt. \u00dea\u00f0 liggur ekki fyrir nein \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 skilgreining \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00edslenska, og jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt svo v\u00e6ri skortir ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig s\u00e9 best a\u00f0 bera sig a\u00f0 til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 betra valdi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3075","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3075"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3076,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3075\/revisions\/3076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3075"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3075"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3075"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}