{"id":3084,"date":"2020-10-26T16:49:38","date_gmt":"2020-10-26T16:49:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3084"},"modified":"2021-06-15T15:58:08","modified_gmt":"2021-06-15T15:58:08","slug":"eg-gaeti-hafa-gert-thetta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/10\/26\/eg-gaeti-hafa-gert-thetta\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9g g\u00e6ti hafa gert \u00feetta"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bi6gxh9e\" data-block=\"true\" data-editor=\"c88vc\" data-offset-key=\"6llmh-0-0\">\n<div class=\"_1mf _1mj\" data-offset-key=\"6llmh-0-0\">\n<p>\u00cd \u00edslensku eru i\u00f0ulega notu\u00f0 samb\u00f6nd me\u00f0 tveimur e\u00f0a jafnvel \u00feremur hj\u00e1lpars\u00f6gnum \u2013 <em>\u00e9g <strong>mun hafa<\/strong> selt h\u00fasi\u00f0<\/em>, <em>h\u00fasi\u00f0 <strong>hefur veri\u00f0<\/strong> selt<\/em>, <em>h\u00fasi\u00f0 <strong>mun hafa veri\u00f0<\/strong> selt<\/em>, o.s.frv. \u00cd sl\u00edkum tilvikum er r\u00f6\u00f0 hj\u00e1lparsagnanna yfirleitt f\u00f6st og \u00f3breytanleg. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja *<em>\u00e9g hef munu selja h\u00fasi\u00f0<\/em>, *<em>h\u00fasi\u00f0 hefur munu vera selt<\/em>, *<em>h\u00fasi\u00f0 er haft munu selja<\/em>, *<em>h\u00fasi\u00f0 er munu hafa selt<\/em> e\u00f0a neitt sl\u00edkt \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er alveg fr\u00e1leitt. Fr\u00e1 \u00feessu er \u00fe\u00f3 ein undantekning \u2013 samband sagnanna <em>geta <\/em>og <em>hafa<\/em>. Vi\u00f0 getum sagt b\u00e6\u00f0i <em>\u00e9g <strong>hef\u00f0i geta\u00f0<\/strong> gert \u00feetta<\/em> og <em>\u00e9g <strong>g\u00e6ti hafa<\/strong> gert \u00feetta<\/em> \u2013 hvort tveggja er algengt og full-komlega e\u00f0lilegt \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li, b\u00e6\u00f0i formlegu og \u00f3formlegu. En s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda sambandi\u00f0 er \u00e1hugavert af \u00fdmsum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deegar <em>geta <\/em>er hj\u00e1lpars\u00f6gn tekur h\u00fan venjulega me\u00f0 s\u00e9r l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1tt \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar af a\u00f0als\u00f6gninni \u2013 <em>\u00e9g get gert \u00feetta<\/em>, <em>vi\u00f0 getum komi\u00f0<\/em>, <em>\u00feau g\u00e1tu lesi\u00f0 b\u00f3kina<\/em>, o.s.frv. Ef a\u00f0als\u00f6gnin \u00ed sl\u00edkum d\u00e6mum er <em>hafa <\/em>stendur h\u00fan l\u00edka \u00ed l\u00fdsingarh\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar eins og a\u00f0rar sagnir \u2013 \u00e9g get haft \u00feig me\u00f0, vi\u00f0 getum haft \u00feetta svona. En ef <em>hafa <\/em>er ekki a\u00f0als\u00f6gn heldur hj\u00e1lpars\u00f6gn (tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r enn a\u00f0ra s\u00f6gn) stendur h\u00fan \u00ed nafnh\u00e6tti \u00e1 eftir <em>geta<\/em>, ekki \u00ed l\u00fdsingarh\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar \u2013 <em>\u00e9g get hafa gert \u00feetta<\/em>, ekki *<em>\u00e9g get haft gert \u00feetta<\/em>. Reyndar m\u00e1 finna d\u00e6mi af s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndu tegundinni \u00e1 netinu, s.s. \u201e\u00c9g skil a\u00f0 vi\u00f0komandi fjarvist g\u00e6ti haft dregi\u00f0 \u00far afk\u00f6stum \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0 \u00fe\u00ednum\u201c, en \u00feau eru s\u00e1raf\u00e1. Fleiri d\u00e6mi eru hins vegar um myndina <em>hafa\u00f0<\/em>, s.s. \u201e\u00deessar upph\u00e6\u00f0ir g\u00e6tu hafa\u00f0 l\u00e6kka\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an\u201c. \u00dear vir\u00f0ist vera um einhver konar l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1tt \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki hinn venjulegi l\u00fdsingarh\u00e1ttur sagnarinnar.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00f6\u00f0in <em>geta <\/em>+ <em>hafa <\/em>kemur ekki fyrir \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li (reyndar er <em>hafa <\/em>+ <em>geta <\/em>s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6f \u00fear l\u00edka). Elstu \u00f6ruggu d\u00e6min um hana eru fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um mi\u00f0ja 19. \u00f6ld, og sambandi\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g sjaldg\u00e6ft fram um 1880. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 fj\u00f6lgar d\u00e6mum sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt, og t\u00ed\u00f0nin eykst svo verulega kringum 1940. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00e1r skrifa\u00f0i Bj\u00f6rn Gu\u00f0finnsson grein \u00ed <em>Andvara <\/em>undir titlinum \u201eTilr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 \u00edslenzkt m\u00e1l\u201c. \u00dear fjallar hann um margs kyns villur og amb\u00f6gur \u00ed \u00fe\u00fdddri sm\u00e1s\u00f6gu sem \u00fe\u00e1 haf\u00f0i n\u00fdlega birst \u00ed t\u00edmariti, og skiptir \u00feessum hn\u00f6krum \u00ed \u00fdmsa flokka. Einn \u00feeirra heitir \u201ed\u00f6nskuhro\u00f0i\u201c og \u00fear er tilf\u00e6r\u00f0 setningin \u201eH\u00fan getur hafa (kan have) bori\u00f0 gr\u00edmu\u201c. Engin frekari sk\u00fdring fylgir \u00e1 ford\u00e6mingu \u00feessarar setningar en <em>kan have<\/em> \u00ed sviga s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 Bj\u00f6rn hefur tali\u00f0 \u00feessa setningager\u00f0 komna \u00far d\u00f6nsku \u2013 og \u00fear af lei\u00f0andi vonda \u00edslensku.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd \u00e1bendingunum <em>G\u00e6tum tungunnar<\/em> sem birtust \u00ed dagbl\u00f6\u00f0um upp \u00far 1980 stendur: \u201e<strong>Sagt var<\/strong>: Hann getur hafa komi\u00f0 \u00ed g\u00e6r. <strong>R\u00e9tt v\u00e6ri<\/strong>: Hann <strong>hefur geta\u00f0<\/strong> komi\u00f0 \u00ed g\u00e6r, E\u00f0a: Hann <strong>kann a\u00f0 hafa komi\u00f0<\/strong> \u00ed g\u00e6r.\u201c H\u00e9r er \u00feetta sett fram eins og <em>getur hafa<\/em> merki \u00fea\u00f0 sama og <em>hefur geta\u00f0<\/em>, en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki r\u00e9tt. Merkingin \u00ed <em>hann hefur geta\u00f0 m\u00e6tt \u00ed sk\u00f3lann<\/em> er ekki s\u00fa sama og \u00ed <em>hann getur hafa m\u00e6tt \u00ed sk\u00f3lann<\/em>. \u00cd fyrri setningunni felst a\u00f0 hann hafi raunverulega m\u00e6tt, en s\u00fa seinni merkir '\u00fea\u00f0 er hugsanlegt a\u00f0 hann hafi m\u00e6tt'. E\u00f0lilegt framhald af \u00feeirri fyrri v\u00e6ri t.d. . . .<em> \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir s\u00f3ttvarnar\u00e1\u00f0stafanir<\/em>, en af \u00feeirri seinni t.d. <em>. . . \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e9g viti af \u00fev\u00ed<\/em>. E\u00f0lilegt framhald af <em>\u00e9g hef geta\u00f0 lyft \u00feessum steini<\/em> v\u00e6ri t.d. <em>alltaf \u00feegar \u00e9g hef reynt<\/em>, en e\u00f0lilegt framhald af <em>\u00e9g get hafa lyft \u00feessum steini<\/em> v\u00e6ri fremur <em>en \u00e9g man \u00fea\u00f0 ekki<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deegar gert er upp \u00e1 milli tilbrig\u00f0a \u00ed m\u00e1li, t.d. <em>mig<\/em>\/<em>m\u00e9r langar<\/em>, <em>\u00e9g vil<\/em>\/<em>vill<\/em>, <em>hur\u00f0ir<\/em>\/<em>hur\u00f0ar <\/em>o.s.frv., hafa b\u00e6\u00f0i (\u00f6ll) afbrig\u00f0in venjulega s\u00f6mu merkingu. M\u00f6guleikar tungum\u00e1lsins til tj\u00e1ningar eru \u00feeir s\u00f6mu hvort sem vi\u00f0 segjum <em>mig langar<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>m\u00e9r langar<\/em>. En \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki gegnir \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li, og r\u00f6\u00f0in <em>geta <\/em>+ <em>hafa <\/em>hefur \u201efyrir l\u00f6ngu \u00f6\u00f0last fastan sess \u00ed \u00edslensku enda er sk\u00fdr merkingarmunur \u00e1 or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum <em>hef\u00f0i geta\u00f0 <\/em>og <em>g\u00e6ti hafa<\/em>\u201c segir J\u00f3n G. Fri\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. \u00deegar <em>geta <\/em>stendur \u00e1 eftir <em>hafa <\/em>merkir h\u00fan 'vera f\u00e6r um' en ef h\u00fan stendur \u00e1 undan felur h\u00fan oftast \u00ed s\u00e9r m\u00f6guleika sem ekki er lj\u00f3st hvort hefur raungerst. \u00dearna er vissulega oft stutt \u00e1 milli, og \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist vera eitthva\u00f0 misjafnt hva\u00f0a tilfinningu m\u00e1lnotendur hafa fyrir \u00feessu. En \u00fea\u00f0 au\u00f0gar m\u00e1li\u00f0 a\u00f0 hafa \u00feessi tv\u00f6 samb\u00f6nd en ekki bara eitt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00edslensku eru i\u00f0ulega notu\u00f0 samb\u00f6nd me\u00f0 tveimur e\u00f0a jafnvel \u00feremur hj\u00e1lpars\u00f6gnum \u2013 \u00e9g mun hafa selt h\u00fasi\u00f0, h\u00fasi\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 selt, h\u00fasi\u00f0 mun hafa veri\u00f0 selt, o.s.frv. \u00cd sl\u00edkum tilvikum er r\u00f6\u00f0 hj\u00e1lparsagnanna yfirleitt f\u00f6st og \u00f3breytanleg. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja *\u00e9g hef munu selja h\u00fasi\u00f0, *h\u00fasi\u00f0 hefur munu vera selt, *h\u00fasi\u00f0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635,158638],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3084","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar","category-malvillur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3084"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3941,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3084\/revisions\/3941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}