{"id":3127,"date":"2020-11-05T17:04:41","date_gmt":"2020-11-05T17:04:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3127"},"modified":"2020-11-06T14:25:50","modified_gmt":"2020-11-06T14:25:50","slug":"af-banonum-og-bonunum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/05\/af-banonum-og-bonunum\/","title":{"rendered":"Af ban\u00f6num og b\u00f6nunum"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed sem f\u00f3lk veltir stundum fyrir s\u00e9r \u2013 og deilir um \u2013 er \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu af or\u00f0inu <em>banani<\/em>. Er \u00fea\u00f0 <em>ban\u00f6num <\/em>e\u00f0a <em>b\u00f6nunum<\/em>? \u00c9g man eftir umr\u00e6\u00f0u um \u00feetta oftar en einu sinni \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum <em>Daglegt m\u00e1l<\/em> sem var \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins um \u00e1ratuga skei\u00f0. \u00cd eitt sl\u00edkt skipti, fyrir um 40 \u00e1rum, svara\u00f0i umsj\u00f3narma\u00f0urinn \u00fev\u00ed til a\u00f0 v\u00e6nlegast v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 leita til b\u00e6nda og spyrja \u00fe\u00e1 hvernig \u00feeir hef\u00f0u or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>valt\u00adari<\/em> \u00ed umr\u00e6ddu falli \u2013 og fara svo eins me\u00f0 <em>banani<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00e9g s\u00e9 \u00far sveit kom \u00feetta svar m\u00e9r a\u00f0 litlu gagni. \u00cd minni sveit var nefnilega bara til einn valtari. Hann gekk milli b\u00e6ja og var einfaldlega kalla\u00f0ur <em>Valtarinn<\/em> me\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0num greini. \u00dea\u00f0 reyndi \u00fev\u00ed aldrei \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig fleirtala or\u00f0s\u00adins v\u00e6ri, og \u00feess vegna er \u00e9g enn \u00ed dag jafn \u00f3fr\u00f3\u00f0ur um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig \u00fe\u00e1gu\u00adfall fleirt\u00f6lu af <em>banani<\/em> eigi a\u00f0 vera.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00edsli J\u00f3nsson <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/files\/17633221\">r\u00e6ddi<\/a> \u00feetta einu sinni \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum \u201e\u00cdslenskt m\u00e1l\u201c \u00ed <em>Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/em>. Hann taldi a\u00f0 myndin \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera <em>ban\u00f6num<\/em>, en myndin <em>b\u00f6nunum <\/em>v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu me\u00f0 greini af or\u00f0inu <em>bani<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega r\u00e9tt, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e9g eigi reyndar erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugsa m\u00e9r a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00fear sem <em>bani<\/em> v\u00e6ri nota\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli fleirt\u00f6lu me\u00f0 greini. En \u00fe\u00f3tt svo v\u00e6ri \u00fatilokar \u00fea\u00f0 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki a\u00f0 samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a mynd geti veri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu af <em>banani <\/em>\u2013 sl\u00edkt samfall beygingarmynda af mismunandi or\u00f0um er mj\u00f6g algengt \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Enda eiga b\u00e1\u00f0ar myndirnar s\u00e9r langa hef\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu. \u00c1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> eru r\u00fam 1500 d\u00e6mi um <em>ban\u00f6num<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1886, en r\u00fam 500 d\u00e6mi um <em>b\u00f6nunum<\/em>, \u00fea\u00f0 elsta fr\u00e1 1922. Hlufall s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndu myndarinnar vir\u00f0ist heldur fara h\u00e6kkandi.<\/p>\n<p>Or\u00f0 af \u00edslenskum uppruna sem hafa tv\u00f6 <em>a<\/em> \u00ed stofni f\u00e1 yfirleitt mynstri\u00f0 <em>\u00f6 \u2013 u<\/em> \u00e1 undan endingunni <em>-um<\/em> \u2013 \u00fe.e., <em>\u00f6<\/em> kemur \u00ed sta\u00f0inn fyrir fyrra <em>a<\/em>-i\u00f0 og <em>u<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess s\u00ed\u00f0ara. \u00deannig er \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu af <em>k<strong>a<\/strong>f<strong>a<\/strong>ri k<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>f<strong>u<\/strong>rum<\/em>, af <em>bl<strong>a<\/strong>nd<strong>a<\/strong>ri bl<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>nd<strong>u<\/strong>rum<\/em>, o.s.frv. Sama gildir \u00ed l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1gufall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed karlkyni og fleirt\u00f6lu allra kynja af <em>f<strong>a<\/strong>tl<strong>a<\/strong>\u00f0ur<strong> er <\/strong>f<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>tl<strong>u<\/strong>\u00f0um<\/em>. Mynstri\u00f0 er l\u00edka a\u00f0 finna \u00ed sagnbeygingu \u2013 1. pers\u00f3na fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0 af <em>k<strong>a<\/strong>ll<strong>a<\/strong>\u00f0i <\/em>er <em>k<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>ll<strong>u<\/strong>\u00f0um<\/em>, af <em>t<strong>a<\/strong>l<strong>a<\/strong>\u00f0i t<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>l<strong>u<\/strong>\u00f0um<\/em>, o.s.frv. En t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 haga s\u00e9r i\u00f0ulega \u00f6\u00f0ruv\u00edsi, og halda fyrra a-inu \u00f3breyttu en setja <em>\u00f6<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess s\u00ed\u00f0ara \u00e1 undan <em>-um<\/em>. \u00deannig er \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu af <em>sk<strong>a<\/strong>nd<strong>a<\/strong>li<\/em> yfirleitt <em>sk<strong>a<\/strong>nd<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>lum<\/em> en ekki <em>sk<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>nd<strong>u<\/strong>lum<\/em>, af <em>b<strong>a<\/strong>ll<strong>a<\/strong>\u00f0a b<strong>a<\/strong>ll<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>\u00f0um<\/em> en ekki <em>b<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>ll<strong>u<\/strong>\u00f0um<\/em>, af <strong><em>A<\/em><\/strong><em>r<strong>a<\/strong>bi <strong>A<\/strong>r<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>bum<\/em> en ekki <strong><em>\u00ad\u00d6<\/em><\/strong><em>r<strong>u<\/strong>bum<\/em>, af <strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong><em>lb<strong>a<\/strong>nskur <strong>a<\/strong>lb<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>nskum<\/em> en ekki <strong><em>\u00f6<\/em><\/strong><em>lb<strong>u<\/strong>nskum<\/em> o.s.frv.<\/p>\n<p>En svo gerist \u00fea\u00f0 oft me\u00f0 t\u00edmanum a\u00f0 t\u00f6kuor\u00f0in laga sig a\u00f0 beygingarmynstri \u00edslensku or\u00f0anna og til ver\u00f0a tv\u00edmyndir, eins og <em>ban\u00f6num<\/em> og <em>b\u00f6nunum<\/em>. Af <em>kastali<\/em> er til b\u00e6\u00f0i <em>kast\u00f6lum<\/em> og <em>k\u00f6stulum<\/em>, af <em>sandali<\/em> er til b\u00e6\u00f0i <em>sand\u00f6lum<\/em> og <em>s\u00f6ndulum<\/em>, af <em>Japani <\/em>er til b\u00e6\u00f0i<em> Jap\u00f6num<\/em> og <em>J\u00f6punum<\/em>, \u00fe\u00f3tt s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda myndin s\u00e9 sjaldg\u00e6f \u2013 o.s.frv. Undantekningarlaust vir\u00f0ist s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda myndin vera yngri, og oftast sjaldg\u00e6fari en s\u00fa fyrrnefnda. \u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 sama f\u00f3lk vir\u00f0ist oft nota b\u00e1\u00f0ar myndirnar til skiptis, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e6tla \u00fea\u00f0 e\u00f0a \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed. \u00c9g hef heyrt mann nota <em>sand\u00f6lum<\/em> og <em>s\u00f6ndulum <\/em>me\u00f0 stuttu millibili \u00ed samtali, og \u00e1 netinu m\u00e1 finna allnokkra texta sem hafa a\u00f0 geyma b\u00e6\u00f0i <em>ban\u00f6num<\/em> og <em>b\u00f6nunum<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/files\/2020\/11\/bananar.jpg\" width=\"400\" \/><\/p>\n<p>B\u00e1\u00f0ar myndirnar, <em>ban\u00f6num<\/em> og <em>b\u00f6nunum<\/em>, samr\u00e6mast \u00edslensku beygingarkerfi og segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda myndin s\u00e9 til marks um meiri a\u00f0l\u00f6gun or\u00f0sins a\u00f0 heg\u00f0un \u00edslenskra or\u00f0a en s\u00fa fyrrnefnda. Fyrir b\u00e1\u00f0um er l\u00edka l\u00f6ng hef\u00f0 \u00feannig a\u00f0 engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a er til annars en telja b\u00e1\u00f0ar g\u00f3\u00f0ar og gildar \u2013 sem og a\u00f0rar tv\u00edmyndir sem h\u00e9r hafa veri\u00f0 nefndar. \u00c9g s\u00e6i ekki heldur \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 myndinni <em>J\u00f6punum<\/em> ef h\u00fan breiddist \u00fat, og <em>\u00d6rubum<\/em> (sem st\u00f6ku d\u00e6mi eru til um) v\u00e6ri l\u00edka \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 kerfi\u00f0. Hins vegar breg\u00f0ur stundum fyrir myndum me\u00f0 <em>\u00f6<\/em> \u00e1 b\u00e1\u00f0um st\u00f6\u00f0um \u2013 <em>b<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>n<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>num<\/em>, <em>k<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>st<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>lum<\/em>, <em>s<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>nd<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>lum<\/em>. \u00de\u00e6r falla ekki a\u00f0 neinu \u00edslensku beygingarmynstri heldur eru einhvers konar sambland af tveimur. \u00deess vegna finnst m\u00e9r r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 m\u00e6la gegn \u00feeim myndum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Eitt af \u00fev\u00ed sem f\u00f3lk veltir stundum fyrir s\u00e9r \u2013 og deilir um \u2013 er \u00fe\u00e1gufall fleirt\u00f6lu af or\u00f0inu banani. Er \u00fea\u00f0 ban\u00f6num e\u00f0a b\u00f6nunum? \u00c9g man eftir umr\u00e6\u00f0u um \u00feetta oftar en einu sinni \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6ttinum Daglegt m\u00e1l sem var \u00e1 dagskr\u00e1 R\u00edkis\u00fatvarpsins um \u00e1ratuga skei\u00f0. \u00cd eitt sl\u00edkt skipti, fyrir um 40 \u00e1rum, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3127","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3127","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3127"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3127\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3136,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3127\/revisions\/3136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3127"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3127"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3127"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}