{"id":3153,"date":"2020-11-12T14:58:13","date_gmt":"2020-11-12T14:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3153"},"modified":"2020-11-10T16:20:31","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T16:20:31","slug":"fram-fyrir-skjoldu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/12\/fram-fyrir-skjoldu\/","title":{"rendered":"Fram fyrir skj\u00f6ldu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Langflest \u00edslensk karlkynsnafnor\u00f0 enda \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu anna\u00f0hvort \u00e1 <em>-ar<\/em> (<em>hestur \u2013 hest<strong>ar<\/strong><\/em>, <em>hani \u2013 han<strong>ar<\/strong><\/em>) e\u00f0a <em>-ir<\/em> (<em>vinur \u2013 vin<strong>ir<\/strong><\/em>, <em>Dani \u2013 Dan<strong>ir<\/strong><\/em>). Nokkur karlkynsor\u00f0 enda reyndar \u00e1 <em>-ur<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu en \u00fea\u00f0 er afmarka\u00f0ur og loka\u00f0ur h\u00f3pur \u2013 or\u00f0 komin af l\u00fdsingarh\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar (<em>eigandi \u2013 eigend<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>, <em>nemandi \u2013 nemend<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>, <em>b\u00f3ndi \u2013 b\u00e6nd<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>, <em>fr\u00e6ndi \u2013 fr\u00e6nd<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>, <em>fjandi - fjend<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>), tv\u00f6 fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0 (<em>fa\u00f0ir \u2013 fe\u00f0<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>, <em>br\u00f3\u00f0ir \u2013 br\u00e6\u00f0<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>) og \u00ferj\u00fa a\u00f0 auki (<em>fingur \u2013 fing<strong>ur<\/strong>, f\u00f3tur \u2013 f\u00e6t<strong>ur<\/strong>, vetur \u2013 vet<strong>ur<\/strong><\/em>). \u00d6ll or\u00f0in sem f\u00e1 <em>-ur<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lu hafa \u00fea\u00f0 sameiginlegt a\u00f0 \u00feolfall fleirt\u00f6lu er eins og nefnifalli\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd \u00f6llum \u00f6\u00f0rum karlkynsor\u00f0um er \u00feolfalli\u00f0 hins vegar eins og nefnifall a\u00f0 fr\u00e1dregnu <em>-r<\/em> (<em>hest<strong>ar<\/strong> \u2013 hest<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>, <em>han<strong>ar<\/strong> \u2013 han<strong>a<\/strong><\/em>; <em>vin<strong>ir<\/strong> \u2013 vin<strong>i<\/strong>, Dan<strong>ir<\/strong> \u2013 Dan<strong>i<\/strong><\/em>). \u00a0\u00deetta er undantekningarlaust \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li \u2013 en \u00feannig hefur \u00fea\u00f0 ekki alltaf veri\u00f0. \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li var h\u00f3pur karlkynsor\u00f0a (svonefndir <em>u<\/em>-stofnar) sem haf\u00f0i endinguna <em>-ir<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu en enda\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 ekki \u00e1 <em>-i<\/em> \u00ed \u00feolfalli. Flest \u00feessara or\u00f0a hafa stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 (<em>j<\/em>)<em>\u00f6<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli \u2013 <em>h\u00f6ttur<\/em>, <em>kn\u00f6ttur<\/em>, <em>k\u00f6ttur<\/em>, <em>v\u00f6llur<\/em>, <em>\u00fer\u00f6stur<\/em>; <em>bj\u00f6rn<\/em>, <em>fj\u00f6r\u00f0ur<\/em>, <em>hj\u00f6rtur<\/em>, <em>kj\u00f6lur<\/em>, <em>skj\u00f6ldur<\/em> o.fl. Einnig voru \u00feetta or\u00f0 eins og <em>h\u00e1ttur<\/em>, <em>\u00fe\u00e1ttur<\/em>, <em>fri\u00f0ur<\/em>, <em>vi\u00f0ur<\/em>, <em>tugur<\/em> o.fl. \u00deolfall fleirt\u00f6lu \u00feessara or\u00f0a enda\u00f0i \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00e1 -<em>u<\/em>: <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/416784\">kettir \u2013 k\u00f6tt<strong>u<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/5715\">vellir \u2013 v\u00f6ll<strong>u<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/5697\">fir\u00f0ir \u2013 fj\u00f6r\u00f0<strong>u<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/5712\">skildir \u2013 skj\u00f6ld<strong>u<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/bin.arnastofnun.is\/beyging\/5688\">h\u00e6ttir \u2013 h\u00e1tt<strong>u<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, <em>vi\u00f0ir \u2013 vi\u00f0<strong>u<\/strong><\/em>, o.s.frv.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00fa hefur \u00feolfall fleirt\u00f6lu allra \u00feessara or\u00f0a breyst, og \u00feau beygjast \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li eins og \u00f6nnur karlkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa -<em>ir<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu (<em>vinur<\/em>, <em>Dani<\/em> o.s.frv.) \u2013 \u00fe.e., f\u00e1 <em>-i<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>-u<\/em> \u00ed \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu. Flest \u00feessara or\u00f0a hafa s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0av\u00edxl \u00ed stofni og \u00e1kve\u00f0in tengsl eru milli stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0s og endingar, \u00feannig a\u00f0 um lei\u00f0 og endingin breytist ver\u00f0ur stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00feeirra \u00fea\u00f0 sama og \u00ed nefnifallinu (<em>k<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>tt<strong>u<\/strong><\/em> ver\u00f0ur <em>k<strong>e<\/strong>tt<strong>i<\/strong><\/em>, sbr. <em>k<strong>e<\/strong>tt<strong>i<\/strong>r<\/em>; <em>fj<strong>\u00f6<\/strong>r\u00f0<strong>u<\/strong><\/em> ver\u00f0ur <em>f<strong>i<\/strong>r\u00f0<strong>i<\/strong><\/em>, sbr. <em>f<strong>i<\/strong>r\u00f0<strong>i<\/strong>r<\/em>; <em>h<strong>\u00e1<\/strong>tt<strong>u<\/strong><\/em> ver\u00f0ur <em>h<strong>\u00e6<\/strong>tt<strong>i<\/strong><\/em>, sbr. <em>h<strong>\u00e6<\/strong>tt<strong>i<\/strong>r<\/em>; o.s.frv.). \u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00f3tal \u00f6nnur d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 beyging or\u00f0a hafi breyst fr\u00e1 fornu m\u00e1li, en \u00feessi breyting er s\u00e9rst\u00f6k a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti a\u00f0 me\u00f0 henni hvarf \u00ed raun heill beygingarflokkur \u00far m\u00e1linu \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 eru ekki eftir nein or\u00f0 sem beygjast \u00e1 \u00feennan h\u00e1tt.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deessi breyting er mj\u00f6g au\u00f0skiljanleg og e\u00f0lileg. Yfirgn\u00e6fandi meirihluti karlkynsor\u00f0a sem endu\u00f0u \u00e1 <em>-ir<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu haf\u00f0i \u00feolfall sem enda\u00f0i \u00e1 -<em>i<\/em> (<em>vin<strong>ir<\/strong> \u2013 vin<strong>i<\/strong><\/em>) og \u00feau or\u00f0 voru \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed miklu betri st\u00f6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 or\u00f0in sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feolfall sem enda\u00f0i \u00e1 -<em>u<\/em> (<em>kett<strong>ir<\/strong> \u2013 k\u00f6tt<strong>u<\/strong><\/em>) en \u00f6fugt. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00e6tist a\u00f0 eldri beyging or\u00f0anna gekk gegn \u00feeirri meginreglu \u00ed beygingu karlkynsor\u00f0a sem \u00e1\u00f0ur hefur veri\u00f0 nefnd, a\u00f0 \u00feolfall fleirt\u00f6lu s\u00e9 eins og nefnifall a\u00f0 fr\u00e1dregnu <em>-r<\/em>. En \u00fe\u00f3tt eldri beyging or\u00f0anna s\u00e9 alveg horfin \u00far almennu m\u00e1li breg\u00f0ur henni fyrir \u00ed einst\u00f6ku tilvikum, einkum \u00ed f\u00f6stum or\u00f0asamb\u00f6ndum eins og <em><a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/?q=%22fram+fyrir+skj%C3%B6ldu%22&amp;size=100&amp;sort=date&amp;isAdvanced=false\">ganga fram fyrir skj\u00f6ldu<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/?q=%22opna+skj%C3%B6ldu%22&amp;size=100&amp;sort=date&amp;isAdvanced=false\">koma einhverjum \u00ed opna skj\u00f6ldu<\/a><\/em>, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/?q=%22vestur+%C3%A1+fj%C3%B6r%C3%B0u%22&amp;size=100&amp;sort=date&amp;isAdvanced=false\">fara vestur \u00e1 fj\u00f6r\u00f0u<\/a><\/em>, o.fl. Einnig er myndin <em><a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/?q=h%C3%A1ttu&amp;size=100&amp;sort=date&amp;isAdvanced=false\">h\u00e1ttu<\/a><\/em> nokku\u00f0 algeng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Langflest \u00edslensk karlkynsnafnor\u00f0 enda \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu anna\u00f0hvort \u00e1 -ar (hestur \u2013 hestar, hani \u2013 hanar) e\u00f0a -ir (vinur \u2013 vinir, Dani \u2013 Danir). Nokkur karlkynsor\u00f0 enda reyndar \u00e1 -ur \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu en \u00fea\u00f0 er afmarka\u00f0ur og loka\u00f0ur h\u00f3pur \u2013 or\u00f0 komin af l\u00fdsingarh\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar (eigandi \u2013 eigendur, nemandi \u2013 nemendur, b\u00f3ndi \u2013 b\u00e6ndur, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3153","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3153"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3153\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3155,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3153\/revisions\/3155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3153"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3153"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3153"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}