{"id":3193,"date":"2016-09-22T16:39:45","date_gmt":"2016-09-22T16:39:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3193"},"modified":"2020-11-10T16:40:27","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T16:40:27","slug":"islenskan-i-olgusjo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2016\/09\/22\/islenskan-i-olgusjo\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdslenskan \u00ed \u00f3lgusj\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki n\u00fdtt a\u00f0 r\u00e6tt s\u00e9 um a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan s\u00e9 \u00ed h\u00e6ttu. Margir kannast vi\u00f0 sp\u00e1d\u00f3m danska m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins Rasmusar Kristj\u00e1ns Rasks sem dvaldi um hr\u00ed\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi snemma \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. \u00cd br\u00e9fi til vinar s\u00edns \u00e1ri\u00f0 1813 sag\u00f0i hann:<\/p>\n

Annars \u00fejer einl\u00e6glega a\u00f0 segja held jeg,\u00a0a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan br\u00e1\u00f0um muni \u00fataf deyja; reikna jeg, a\u00f0 varla muni nokkur skilja hana \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk a\u00f0 100 \u00e1rum li\u00f0num, en varla nokk\u00adur \u00ed landinu a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum 200 \u00e1rum \u00fear upp fr\u00e1, ef allt fer eins og hinga\u00f0 til og ekki ver\u00f0a rammar skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 reistar.<\/p>\n

Eins og alkunna er voru einmitt \u201erammar skor\u00f0ur vi\u00f0 reistar\u201c upp \u00far \u00feessu. Me\u00f0 r\u00f3mant\u00edsku stefnunni kom aukin \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erniskennd og henni fylgdi hreinsun m\u00e1lsins af d\u00f6nskum \u00e1hrifum. \u00cd \u00feeirri endurreisn \u00edslenskunnar var miki\u00f0 leita\u00f0 til fornm\u00e1lsins og leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdma \u00fdmsum breytingum sem h\u00f6f\u00f0u or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00e1linu fr\u00e1 ritunart\u00edma \u00cdslendingasagna. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar og \u00ed upphafi \u00feeirrar 20. hafi m\u00f3tast s\u00e1 \u00f3opinberi m\u00e1lsta\u00f0all sem \u00ed st\u00f3rum dr\u00e1ttum er fylgt enn \u00ed dag \u2013 hugmyndir um hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 r\u00e9tt og rangt \u00ed m\u00e1li, hvernig or\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 beygjast, hvernig or\u00f0ar\u00f6\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 vera, o.s.frv. Og alla t\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld hefur s\u00fa sko\u00f0un veri\u00f0 \u00e1berandi a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu fari hrakandi, a\u00f0 unga kynsl\u00f3\u00f0in s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fara me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 nor\u00f0ur og ni\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n

Allir \u00feekkja d\u00e6mi um m\u00e1lbreytingar sem hafa veri\u00f0 ford\u00e6mdar, margar \u00e1ratugum saman. \u00dear ber l\u00edklega h\u00e6st \u201e\u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdkina\u201c svok\u00f6llu\u00f0u, \u00fear sem f\u00f3lk segir\u00a0m\u00e9r langar<\/em>,\u00a0m\u00e9r vantar<\/em>,\u00a0m\u00e9r hlakkar<\/em>\u00a0og anna\u00f0 svipa\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0\u00a0mig langar<\/em>,\u00a0mig vantar<\/em>,\u00a0\u00e9g hlakka<\/em>\u00a0sem er tali\u00f0 r\u00e9tt. \u00deetta er m\u00e1lbreyting sem \u00e1 r\u00e6tur \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld en hefur veri\u00f0 \u00e1berandi a.m.k. s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e1 fyrsta \u00feri\u00f0jungi 20. aldar og vir\u00f0ist sm\u00e1m saman s\u00e6kja \u00ed sig ve\u00f0ri\u00f0. \u00d6nnur breyting sem er n\u00fdrri og enn sem kom\u00adi\u00f0 er helst \u00e1berandi \u00ed m\u00e1li barna og unglinga er hin svokalla\u00f0a \u201en\u00fdja \u00feolmynd\u201c \u00fear sem sagt er\u00a0\u00fea\u00f0 var bari\u00f0 mig<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed sta\u00f0\u00a0\u00e9g var barin(n)<\/em>\u00a0og\u00a0\u00fea\u00f0 var hrint m\u00e9r<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed sta\u00f0\u00a0m\u00e9r var hrint<\/em>. \u00deessi breyt\u00ading vir\u00f0ist eiga r\u00e6tur um mi\u00f0ja s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld en hefur brei\u00f0st miki\u00f0 \u00fat undanfarinn aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0\u00adung. M\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar hafa velt \u00fev\u00ed fyrir s\u00e9r hvort h\u00e9r s\u00e9 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 sem eldist af m\u00f6nn\u00adum, ef svo m\u00e1 segja, e\u00f0a hvort \u00feeir sem nota \u00feessa setningager\u00f0 \u00e1 barnsaldri haldi \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1fram \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum. N\u00fdjar ranns\u00f3knir benda heldur til \u00feess a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri au\u00f0vita\u00f0 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nefna miklu fleiri atri\u00f0i sem eru a\u00f0 breytast \u00ed m\u00e1linu. N\u00fdlega hefur veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0 \u00edtarleg ranns\u00f3kn sem nefnist \u201eTilbrig\u00f0i \u00ed \u00edslenskri setningager\u00f0\u201c. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur henn\u00adar eru n\u00fa komnar \u00fat \u00e1 tveimur b\u00f3kum og s\u00fa \u00feri\u00f0ja v\u00e6ntanleg. \u00dear kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00fdmsar m\u00e1l\u00adbreyt\u00adingar eru \u00ed s\u00f3kn, en fara mj\u00f6g mishratt. \u00c9g hef satt a\u00f0 segja engar \u00e1hyggjur af \u00feessum breyt\u00adingum. \u00dea\u00f0 skiptir a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati engu m\u00e1li hvort menn segja\u00a0mig langar<\/em>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0m\u00e9r langar<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 hvorttveggja er \u00edslenska. M\u00e9r er l\u00edka alveg sama hvort menn segja\u00a0til drottningar<\/em>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0til drottn<\/em>\u00adingu<\/em>, og m\u00e9r er alveg sama \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00d3lafur Magn\u00fasson gefi mj\u00f3lkurb\u00fainu s\u00ednu nafni\u00f0\u00a0K\u00fa<\/em>\u00a0en ekki\u00a0K\u00fdr<\/em>. \u00cd allri m\u00e1ls\u00f6gunni hefur fallstj\u00f3rn sagna og beyging nafnor\u00f0a veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytast \u2013 sumt af \u00fev\u00ed sem n\u00fa er tali\u00f0 r\u00e9tt \u00ed m\u00e1linu hefur breyst fr\u00e1 fornu m\u00e1li, og oft vir\u00f0ist vera tilvilj\u00adana\u00adkennt hva\u00f0a breytingar hafa veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenndar og hverjar ekki. S\u00f6gnin\u00a0langa<\/em>\u00a0kemur fyrir me\u00f0 nefnifalli \u00ed einu elsta \u00edslenska handritinu,\u00a0\u00e9g langa<\/em>; og \u00ed Nj\u00e1luhandriti fr\u00e1 um 1300 kemur fyrir eignarfalli\u00f0\u00a0f\u00f6\u00f0urs<\/em>\u00a0sem n\u00fa er tali\u00f0 rangt. Svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er samt ekki \u00fear me\u00f0 sagt a\u00f0 allar m\u00e1lbreytingar s\u00e9u \u00f3ska\u00f0legar m\u00e1linu, e\u00f0a allt s\u00e9 \u00ed lagi a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 breytist hvernig sem er. En svo framarlega sem ekki er hr\u00f3fla\u00f0 vi\u00f0 kerfinu s\u00e9 \u00e9g enga \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u til svarts\u00fdni. Me\u00f0an vi\u00f0 h\u00f6ldum \u00e1fram a\u00f0 beygja or\u00f0 skiptir ekki \u00f6llu m\u00e1li hva\u00f0a fall er nota\u00f0 e\u00f0a hva\u00f0a beygingarmynd. En ef vi\u00f0 h\u00e6ttum a\u00f0 beygja or\u00f0, og beygingakerfi\u00f0 l\u00e6tur verulega \u00e1 sj\u00e1 eins og \u00fea\u00f0 hefur gert \u00ed \u00f6\u00f0rum Nor\u00f0urlandam\u00e1lum, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0. Sl\u00edk breyting hef\u00f0i mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 setningager\u00f0 og f\u00e6li \u00ed s\u00e9r grundvallarbreytingu \u00e1 \u00f6llu yfir\u00adbrag\u00f0i m\u00e1lsins. L\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 h\u00fan myndi lei\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 rof yr\u00f0i \u00ed m\u00e1linu, \u00feannig a\u00f0 allir textar fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed fyrir sl\u00edka breytingu, allt fr\u00e1 12. til 21. aldar, yr\u00f0u \u00f3skiljanlegir \u00feeim sem \u00e1 eftir k\u00e6mu. \u00dear me\u00f0 v\u00e6rum vi\u00f0 komin \u00ed s\u00f6mu st\u00f6\u00f0u og t.d. Nor\u00f0menn sem ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 lesa \u00cdslend\u00adinga\u00ads\u00f6gur \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingum \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u skrifa\u00f0ar \u00e1 m\u00e1li sem var sameiginlegt okkur og \u00feeim \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma.<\/p>\n

En \u00fea\u00f0 er ekkert sem bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 sl\u00edkt hrun s\u00e9 yfirvofandi. \u00deeir sem segja\u00a0m\u00e9r langar<\/em>,\u00a0til drottningu<\/em>\u00a0e\u00f0a\u00a0til f\u00f6\u00f0urs<\/em>\u00a0eru ekkert h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 beygja or\u00f0in. Einu v\u00edsbendingarnar sem \u00e9g kann\u00adast vi\u00f0 um veiklun beygingakerfisins eru ensk l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 eins og\u00a0t\u00f6ff<\/em>,\u00a0n\u00e6s<\/em>,\u00a0k\u00fal<\/em>\u00a0og einhver fleiri, sem venjulega eru notu\u00f0 \u00f3beyg\u00f0 \u00ed \u00edslensku. Sama gerist oft me\u00f0 n\u00fdjar slettur \u00ed m\u00e1linu; en ef \u00fe\u00e6r f\u00e1 einhverja \u00fatbrei\u00f0slu falla \u00fe\u00e6r venjulega a\u00f0 meira e\u00f0a minna leyti inn \u00ed beyginga\u00adkerfi\u00f0. Nafnor\u00f0in f\u00e1 a.m.k. kyn og greini, og i\u00f0ulega fallendingar; sagnirnar f\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0arend\u00ading\u00adar og endingar pers\u00f3nu og t\u00f6lu. Af heiti forritsins\u00a0Snapchat<\/em>\u00a0er komi\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0snapp<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 f\u00e6r \u00edslenskan frambur\u00f0, r\u00edmar vi\u00f0\u00a0happ<\/em>; \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00e6r hvorugkyn og greini, vi\u00f0 t\u00f6lum um\u00a0snappi\u00f0<\/em>; og \u00fea\u00f0 breytir\u00a0a<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed\u00a0\u00f6<\/em>\u00a0\u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu eins og hvorugkynsor\u00f0 gera, vi\u00f0 t\u00f6lum um\u00a0m\u00f6rg sn\u00f6pp<\/em>. Af heiti forritsins\u00a0Photoshop<\/em>\u00a0er komin s\u00f6gnin\u00a0f\u00f3t\u00f3sjoppa<\/em>. H\u00fan gengur fullkomlega inn \u00ed \u00edslenska sagn\u00adbeygingu \u2013 vi\u00f0 segjum\u00a0\u00e9g f\u00f3t\u00f3sjoppa \u00feetta<\/em>,\u00a0vi\u00f0 f\u00f3t\u00f3sjoppu\u00f0um \u00feetta<\/em>\u00a0o.s.frv. Sama er a\u00f0 segja um s\u00f6gnin\u00a0g\u00fagla<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Vissulega eru erlendar slettur af \u00feessu tagi oft haf\u00f0ar til marks um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 fara \u00ed hundana. En \u00e9g held a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaust. \u00dea\u00f0 eru alltaf a\u00f0 koma n\u00fdjar og n\u00fdjar enskuslettur, en a\u00f0rar hverfa \u00ed sta\u00f0inn. \u00deegar \u00e9g var a\u00f0 alast upp var talsvert af d\u00f6nskuslettum \u00ed daglegu m\u00e1li en \u00fe\u00e6r eru n\u00fa flestar horfnar. Slettur koma helst inn \u00ed m\u00e1li unglinga og margar \u00feeirra \u00fareldast mj\u00f6g flj\u00f3tt, \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega lifi sumar \u00e1fram. Ef \u00fe\u00e6r sem lifa laga sig a\u00f0 beygingakerf\u00adinu, eins og\u00a0snapp<\/em>,\u00a0f\u00f3t\u00f3sjoppa<\/em>,\u00a0g\u00fagla<\/em>\u00a0og \u00f3talmargar a\u00f0rar, \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e9 \u00e9g ekki a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r valdi miklum ska\u00f0a. \u00c9g vil samt leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feessu er \u00e9g ekki endilega a\u00f0 leggja blessun m\u00edna yfir \u00fdmsar m\u00e1lbreytingar. \u00c9g er ekki a\u00f0 segja m\u00f6nnum a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 amast vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1gufallss\u00fdki e\u00f0a enskuslettum \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur hver a\u00f0 gera upp vi\u00f0 sig. \u00c9g er bara a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00feessar breyt\u00ading\u00adar skapa enga st\u00f3rh\u00e6ttu fyrir \u00edslenskuna. En reyndar held \u00e9g a\u00f0 \u00e1k\u00f6f bar\u00e1tta gegn \u00feeim geti veri\u00f0 ska\u00f0leg \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan dregur athyglina fr\u00e1 alvarlegri \u00f3gnunum.<\/p>\n

Menn eru nefnilega sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 annars konar h\u00e6tta ste\u00f0jar a\u00f0 m\u00e1linu. H\u00fan var\u00f0ar \u00fea\u00f0 sem stundum er kalla\u00f0 umd\u00e6mi m\u00e1lsins. \u00dea\u00f0 er sem s\u00e9 h\u00e6ttan \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00eds\u00adlenska missi beinl\u00ednis \u00e1kve\u00f0in notkunarsvi\u00f0 til enskunnar \u2013 anna\u00f0hvort vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00e1l\u00adnot\u00adendur kj\u00f3si fremur a\u00f0 nota ensku \u00e1 \u00e1kve\u00f0num svi\u00f0um, e\u00f0a \u00fe\u00e1 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u beinl\u00ednis neydd\u00adir til \u00feess vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00edslenska s\u00e9 ekki \u00ed bo\u00f0i. \u00cd flj\u00f3tu brag\u00f0i s\u00e9r ma\u00f0ur kannski ekki \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hyggjur af \u00feessu, og \u00fev\u00ed er oft haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan standi vel um \u00feess\u00adar mundir, og hafi jafnvel aldrei sta\u00f0i\u00f0 sterkar. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 t.d. nefna a\u00f0 UNESCO hefur \u00fatb\u00fai\u00f0 m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a um l\u00edfv\u00e6nleik tungum\u00e1la, og samkv\u00e6mt honum stendur \u00edslenska mj\u00f6g sterkt \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er notu\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0\u00adl\u00edfins; \u00ed stj\u00f3rnkerfinu, \u00ed menntakerfinu, \u00ed verslun og vi\u00f0\u00adskiptum, \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum, \u00ed menn\u00adingarl\u00edfinu, og \u00ed \u00f6llum daglegum samskiptum f\u00f3lks.<\/p>\n

En \u00fe\u00f3tt sta\u00f0an vir\u00f0ist \u00feannig g\u00f3\u00f0 \u00e1 yfirbor\u00f0inu er h\u00fan broth\u00e6tt \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf ekki miki\u00f0 til a\u00f0 fari a\u00f0 molna \u00far undirst\u00f6\u00f0unum. \u00c1lag \u00e1 \u00edslenskuna hefur nefnilega vaxi\u00f0 mj\u00f6g miki\u00f0 \u00e1 undan\u00adf\u00f6rn\u00adum fimm \u00e1rum e\u00f0a svo og mun fyrirsj\u00e1anlega aukast enn \u00e1 n\u00e6st\u00adunni. Fyrir \u00fev\u00ed eru \u00fdmsar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0\u00adur en \u00fe\u00e6r helstu eru:<\/p>\n

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  1. Snjallt\u00e6kjabyltingin.<\/strong>\u00a0Flestir \u00cdslendingar, a.m.k. yngra f\u00f3lk, eiga snjalls\u00edma e\u00f0a spjald\u00adt\u00f6lvur nema hvorttveggja s\u00e9. \u00cd gegnum \u00feau t\u00e6ki er f\u00f3lk s\u00edtengt vi\u00f0 al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legan menn\u00adingarheim sem er a\u00f0 verulegu leyti \u00e1 ensku, \u00fear er f\u00f3lk a\u00f0 spila leiki \u00e1 ensku, horfa \u00e1 myndefni \u00e1 ensku o.s.frv. Notendur \u00feessara t\u00e6kja eru s\u00edfellt me\u00f0 \u00feau \u00e1 lofti og \u00feannig hefur dregi\u00f0 \u00far venjulegum samskiptum \u00e1 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1linu.<\/li>\n
  2. YouTube- og Netflix-v\u00e6\u00f0ingin.<\/strong>\u00a0N\u00e6r allir \u00cdslendingar eru nettengdir og hafa \u00feannig a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 \u00f3takm\u00f6rku\u00f0u myndefni \u00e1 YouTube, Netflix og \u00f6\u00f0rum efnisveitum. B\u00faast m\u00e1 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 notendum Netflix fj\u00f6lgi verulega n\u00fa \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 er opinberlega \u00ed bo\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00cds\u00adlandi. L\u00edklegt er a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn og unglingar s\u00e9u st\u00f3r hluti neytenda \u00feessa efnis sem vita\u00adskuld er mestallt \u00e1 ensku og \u00f3texta\u00f0.<\/li>\n
  3. Fer\u00f0amannastraumurinn.<\/strong>\u00a0Fj\u00f6lgun fer\u00f0amanna hefur haft mikil \u00e1hrif b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed vi\u00f0\u00adskipta\u00adl\u00edfinu og menningarl\u00edfinu. Verslanir leggja s\u00edfellt meiri \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 h\u00f6f\u00f0a til \u00fat\u00adlend\u00adinga me\u00f0 augl\u00fdsingum og v\u00f6rumerkingum \u00e1 ensku, og sleppa jafnvel \u00edslenskunni. Menn\u00adingarvi\u00f0bur\u00f0ir af \u00fdmsu tagi, s.s. t\u00f3nleikar og leiks\u00fdningar, fara einnig \u00ed auknum m\u00e6li fram \u00e1 ensku til a\u00f0 n\u00e1 til fer\u00f0a\u00admanna.<\/li>\n
  4. Fj\u00f6lgun innflytjenda.<\/strong>\u00a0B\u00faast m\u00e1 vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki me\u00f0 anna\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1l en \u00edslensku fj\u00f6lgi verulega \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum. \u00dear er annars vegar um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a h\u00e6lisleitendur og fl\u00f3ttamenn, og hins vegar f\u00f3lk \u00ed atvinnuleit. N\u00fdlega kom fram \u00ed fr\u00e9ttum a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f6rf v\u00e6ri \u00e1 st\u00f3rfelldum innflutningi vinnuafls \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum, \u00feannig a\u00f0 b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 15% \u00edb\u00faa lands\u00adins yr\u00f0i af erlendum uppruna \u00e1ri\u00f0 2030.<\/li>\n
  5. H\u00e1sk\u00f3lastarf \u00e1 ensku.<\/strong>\u00a0Skiptinemum og \u00f6\u00f0r\u00adum erlendum st\u00fadentum vi\u00f0 \u00edslenska h\u00e1sk\u00f3la fer fj\u00f6lg\u00adandi og einnig erlendum kennurum. Vaxandi hluti h\u00e1\u00adsk\u00f3la\u00adkennslu fer \u00fev\u00ed fram \u00e1 ensku. Jafnframt er s\u00edfellt meiri \u00e1hersla l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 virka \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu h\u00e1sk\u00f3la\u00adstarfi \u00fear sem enska er a\u00f0altungum\u00e1li\u00f0. \u00deetta getur komi\u00f0 fram \u00ed minnkandi \u00fej\u00e1lfun st\u00fad\u00adenta \u00ed a\u00f0 tala og skrifa um vi\u00f0\u00adfangs\u00adefni s\u00edn \u00e1 \u00edslensku.<\/li>\n
  6. Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00e6\u00f0ingin.<\/strong>\u00a0Breytt heimsmynd hefur leitt til \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk er hreyfanlegra en \u00e1\u00f0ur og \u00edslenskir unglingar sj\u00e1 ekki framt\u00ed\u00f0 s\u00edna endilega \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00cd n\u00fdlegri k\u00f6nnun kom fram a\u00f0 helmingur 15-16 \u00e1ra unglinga \u00e1 \u00cdslandi vill b\u00faa erlendis \u00ed framt\u00ed\u00f0inni (var \u00feri\u00f0jungur fyrir hrun). Ekki er \u00f3tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 \u00feetta hafi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 vi\u00f0horf unglinga til \u00edslenskunnar sem \u00feeir vita a\u00f0 gagnast \u00feeim l\u00edti\u00f0 erlendis.<\/li>\n
  7. Talst\u00fdring t\u00e6kja.<\/strong>\u00a0Flest t\u00e6ki eru n\u00fa t\u00f6lvust\u00fdr\u00f0 a\u00f0 mestu leyti og \u00feessum t\u00e6kj\u00adum ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 n\u00e6stunni stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 me\u00f0 tungum\u00e1linu a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u2013 vi\u00f0 munum tala vi\u00f0 t\u00e6k\u00adin. Margir \u00feekkja n\u00fa \u00feegar lei\u00f0s\u00f6gut\u00e6ki \u00ed b\u00edlum, e\u00f0a Siri \u00ed iPhone, e\u00f0a sj\u00f3nv\u00f6rp sem tala\u00f0 er vi\u00f0. Framfarir \u00ed talgreiningu eru st\u00f3rst\u00edgar og von br\u00e1\u00f0ar m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fdmsum algengum heim\u00adilist\u00e6kjum ver\u00f0i stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tala vi\u00f0 \u00feau.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Allt er \u00feetta mj\u00f6g j\u00e1kv\u00e6tt, \u00fat af fyrir sig. \u00dea\u00f0 er gott a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk eigi kost \u00e1 fj\u00f6lbreyttri af\u00ad\u00ferey\u00adingu og samskiptum, fer\u00f0amannastraumurinn er k\u00e6rkomin innsp\u00fdting \u00ed efna\u00adhags\u00adl\u00edfi\u00f0, fj\u00f6lgun inn\u00adflytj\u00adenda vinnur gegn l\u00e6kkandi f\u00e6\u00f0ingart\u00ed\u00f0ni og eykur fj\u00f6lbreytni \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edfins, \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e6gilegt a\u00f0 geta stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 t\u00e6kjum me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tala vi\u00f0 \u00feau, og vitanlega er fr\u00e1\u00adb\u00e6rt a\u00f0 \u00e6ska landsins skuli eiga kost \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legu ranns\u00f3knar- og \u00fer\u00f3unarstarfi, s\u00e6kja s\u00e9r menntun og atvinnu hvert sem hana lystir og b\u00faa erlendis um skemmri t\u00edma e\u00f0a til lang\u00adframa. \u00dea\u00f0 er heldur ekki nema gott um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar l\u00e6ri ensku sem yngstir og sem best \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er vitanlega lykill a\u00f0 svo m\u00f6rgu. En \u00feetta skapar miki\u00f0 \u00e1lag og \u00fer\u00fdsting \u00e1 \u00edslenskuna. Til a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a \u00f6ruggir m\u00e1lnotendur \u00feurfa b\u00f6rn og ung\u00adlingar a\u00f0 hafa mikla \u00edslensku \u00ed \u00f6llu m\u00e1lumhverfi s\u00ednu. S\u00e1 t\u00edmi sem vari\u00f0 er \u00ed af\u00ad\u00ferey\u00adingu, sam\u00adskipti og st\u00f6rf \u00e1 ensku er a\u00f0 mestu leyti tekinn fr\u00e1 \u00edslensk\u00adunni. Vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 b\u00e6tist a\u00f0 b\u00f3klestur \u00e1 \u00edslensku, sem er ein mikilv\u00e6gasta a\u00f0fer\u00f0in til a\u00f0 efla kunn\u00e1ttu \u00ed m\u00e1linu og til\u00adfinningu fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, hefur minnka\u00f0 verulega \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum, a.m.k. me\u00f0al ungs f\u00f3lks.<\/p>\n

    Eins og sagt var \u00ed upphafi sp\u00e1\u00f0i Rasmus Rask \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1ri\u00f0 1813 a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan yr\u00f0i li\u00f0in undir lok \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk a\u00f0 100 \u00e1rum li\u00f0num, og \u00e1 \u00f6llu landinu eftir 200 \u00e1r \u00fear fr\u00e1 \u2013 \u201eef ekki ver\u00f0a rammar skor\u00f0\u00adur vi\u00f0 reistar\u201c, sag\u00f0i hann. \u00dea\u00f0 var einmitt \u00fea\u00f0 sem hann og a\u00f0rir ger\u00f0u n\u00e6stu \u00e1rin, reistu rammar skor\u00f0ur, \u00feannig a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan er enn notu\u00f0 \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk eins og annars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 land\u00adinu. Enn er \u00fe\u00f3 ekki \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um a\u00f0 seinni hluti sp\u00e1d\u00f3msins r\u00e6tist, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 \u00eds\u00adlenska ver\u00f0i horfin af landinu \u00f6llu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2113.<\/p>\n

    Hva\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 gera? \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert einfalt svar til vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed, en \u00e9g tel a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gasta og gagn\u00adlegasta sem vi\u00f0 getum gert s\u00e9 a\u00f0 gera \u00e1tak \u00e1 svi\u00f0i \u00edslenskrar m\u00e1lt\u00e6kni.\u00a0\u00a0Me\u00f0 m\u00e1lt\u00e6kni er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 margs konar tengsl tungum\u00e1ls og t\u00f6lvut\u00e6kni \u2013 m\u00e1lt\u00e6kni gerir okkur kleift a\u00f0 hafa sam\u00adskipti vi\u00f0 t\u00f6lvurnar, og n\u00fdta \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt til a\u00f0 li\u00f0sinna okkur vi\u00f0 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0. Skammt er \u00ed a\u00f0 alls konar t\u00e6kjum ver\u00f0i stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 tala vi\u00f0 \u00feau \u2013 en hva\u00f0a tungu\u00adm\u00e1l? Eins og stendur er ekki \u00fatlit fyrir a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 tala \u00edslensku vi\u00f0 t\u00e6kin. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu er \u00edslensk tal\u00adgreining \u00ed s\u00edmum me\u00f0 Android-st\u00fdrikerfi, og t\u00e6knilega s\u00e9\u00f0 er ekkert \u00fev\u00ed til fyrirst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 notum \u00edslensku \u00ed sta\u00f0 ensku \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 lei\u00f0s\u00f6gukerfi\u00f0 \u00ed b\u00edlnum okkar, e\u00f0a t\u00f6lum \u00eds\u00adlensku vi\u00f0 Siri. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf bara f\u00e9 til a\u00f0 \u00fatb\u00faa \u00e1kve\u00f0in g\u00f6gn og vinna \u00e1kve\u00f0na t\u00e6knivinnu. Ver\u00f0i \u00feetta ekki gert er h\u00e6tta \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan missi st\u00f3rt notkunarsvi\u00f0 yfir til enskunnar.<\/p>\n

    En m\u00e1l\u00adt\u00e6knin getur l\u00edka komi\u00f0 a\u00f0 gagni \u00e1 \u00fdmsum \u00f6\u00f0rum svi\u00f0um. \u00dea\u00f0 er t.d. t\u00e6knilega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 setja \u00edslenskan texta \u00e1 allt sj\u00f3nvarpsefni, hvort sem \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00e1 Netflix, YouTube e\u00f0a annars sta\u00f0\u00adar, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota talgreiningu og v\u00e9lr\u00e6nar \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingar. Talgreinir greinir \u00fe\u00e1 erlenda tali\u00f0 og breytir \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed rita\u00f0an texta sem sendur er til \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingarforrits. \u00de\u00fd\u00f0ingarforriti\u00f0 snarar textanum \u00e1 \u00edslensku og getur skrifa\u00f0 hann sem ne\u00f0anm\u00e1lstexta \u00e1 skj\u00e1inn, e\u00f0a sent hann til talgervils sem skilar fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00edslensku tali. \u00deessi t\u00e6kni er \u00feegar til fyrir ensku \u2013 a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki s\u00e9rlega fullkomin enn, en batnar mj\u00f6g me\u00f0 hverju \u00e1ri. T\u00e6kni af \u00feessu tagi g\u00e6ti skipt sk\u00f6pum fyrir framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00eds\u00adlensk\u00adunnar. \u00deetta g\u00e6ti l\u00edka n\u00fdst vel \u00ed samskiptum vi\u00f0 fer\u00f0amenn og innflytjendur, og til a\u00f0 kenna \u00fatlendingum \u00edslensku.<\/p>\n

    \u00cdslenska deyr ekki \u00fat \u00e1 n\u00e6stu fimm e\u00f0a t\u00edu \u00e1rum \u2013 og ekki \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1ratugum, held \u00e9g. H\u00fan hefur g\u00f3\u00f0a m\u00f6guleika \u00e1 a\u00f0 standast \u00feann \u00fer\u00fdsting sem h\u00fan ver\u00f0ur n\u00fa fyrir og lifa fram yfir 2113, og vonandi gerir h\u00fan \u00fea\u00f0. En til \u00feess \u00fearf h\u00fan stu\u00f0ning, og fyrsta skref\u00adi\u00f0 er a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnot\u00adendur \u2013 og stj\u00f3rnv\u00f6ld \u2013 \u00e1tti sig \u00e1 \u00feeim g\u00edfurlegu breytingum sem hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 umhverfi og a\u00f0\u00adst\u00e6\u00f0\u00adum \u00edslenskunnar \u00e1 \u00f6rf\u00e1um \u00e1rum, til hvers \u00fe\u00e6r g\u00e6tu leitt, og hvernig v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 breg\u00f0\u00adast vi\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja til um langt\u00edma\u00e1hrif \u00feessara breytinga, en \u00edslenskan \u00e1 a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta vafans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki n\u00fdtt a\u00f0 r\u00e6tt s\u00e9 um a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan s\u00e9 \u00ed h\u00e6ttu. Margir kannast vi\u00f0 sp\u00e1d\u00f3m danska m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins Rasmusar Kristj\u00e1ns Rasks sem dvaldi um hr\u00ed\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00cdslandi snemma \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld. \u00cd br\u00e9fi til vinar s\u00edns \u00e1ri\u00f0 1813 sag\u00f0i hann: Annars \u00fejer einl\u00e6glega a\u00f0 segja held jeg,\u00a0a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan br\u00e1\u00f0um muni \u00fataf deyja; reikna jeg, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158637],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3193","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-erindi-og-greinar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3193"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3194,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3193\/revisions\/3194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3193"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3193"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}