{"id":3206,"date":"2020-11-14T08:00:07","date_gmt":"2020-11-14T08:00:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3206"},"modified":"2020-11-15T22:13:09","modified_gmt":"2020-11-15T22:13:09","slug":"ad-a-undanhaldi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/14\/ad-a-undanhaldi\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00f0 \u00e1 undanhaldi"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fj\u00f6ldi \u00edslenskra sagna tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r <strong>nafnh\u00e1ttarsamband<\/strong>, en me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u201es\u00f6gn \u00ed nafnh\u00e6tti og \u00fe\u00e1 setningarli\u00f0i sem tengjast henni n\u00e1i\u00f0, svo sem andl\u00f6g hennar og a\u00f0ra fyllili\u00f0i\u201c segir H\u00f6skuldur \u00der\u00e1insson \u00ed b\u00f3kinni <em>Setningar<\/em>. \u00c1 eftir sumum \u00feessara sagna hefst nafnh\u00e1ttarsambandi\u00f0 \u00e1 nafnh\u00e1ttarmerkinu <em>a\u00f0<\/em>, en \u00e1 eftir \u00f6\u00f0rum getur <em>a\u00f0 <\/em>ekki sta\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r eru taldar helstu sagnir \u00ed hvorum h\u00f3pi fyrir sig \u2013 seinni h\u00f3pnum fylgja \u00ferj\u00e1r sagnir sem taka me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnh\u00e1ttarsamband \u00feegar \u00fe\u00e6r eru \u00ed \u00feolmynd:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><em>reyna a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> lofa a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> eiga a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> hlj\u00f3ta a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> kunna a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> \u00feurfa a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> \u00e6tla a\u00f0 <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>)<\/li>\n<li><em>mega <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> munu <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> skulu <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> vilja <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>), <em>hyggjast <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> reynast <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> s\u00fdnast <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>),<em> vir\u00f0ast <\/em>(<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>); (<em>vera<\/em>) <em>\u00e1litinn<\/em> (<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>), (<em>vera<\/em>) <em>talinn<\/em> (<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>), (<em>vera<\/em>) <em>sag\u00f0ur<\/em> (<em>gera eitthva\u00f0<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00deessum samb\u00f6ndum m\u00e1 skipta \u00ed nokkra flokka \u00e1 setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum og merkingarlegum forsendum en \u00fea\u00f0 er of fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 til a\u00f0 fara \u00fat \u00ed h\u00e9r. N\u00f3g er a\u00f0 nefna a\u00f0 s\u00fa flokkun stj\u00f3rnar \u00fev\u00ed ekki hvort s\u00f6gnin tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r <em>a\u00f0<\/em> e\u00f0a ekki; t.d. tekur <em>reyna<\/em> me\u00f0 s\u00e9r <em>a\u00f0 <\/em>en <em>hyggjast <\/em>ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u \u00ed sama flokki, og <em>eiga<\/em> tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r <em>a\u00f0 <\/em>en <em>mega<\/em> ekki \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9u \u00ed sama flokki.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g veit ekki til a\u00f0 sagnir s\u00e9u miki\u00f0 a\u00f0 flakka milli \u00feessara h\u00f3pa \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li, en \u00fea\u00f0 er samt ekki langt s\u00ed\u00f0an margar \u00feessara sagna breyttu um heg\u00f0un. Fram yfir mi\u00f0ja 20. \u00f6ld g\u00e1tu allar sagnirnar \u00ed seinni h\u00f3pnum, a\u00f0 undanteknum n\u00fa\u00fe\u00e1legu s\u00f6gunum <em>mega<\/em>, <em>munu<\/em>, <em>skulu<\/em> og <em>vilja<\/em>, teki\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnh\u00e1ttarsamband sem byrja\u00f0i \u00e1 <em>a\u00f0<\/em>.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Skipsh\u00f6fnin f\u00f3r \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed b\u00e1tana og <strong>hug\u00f0ist a\u00f0 draga<\/strong> skipi\u00f0 \u00e1fram (<em>Nor\u00f0urland<\/em> 1905)<\/li>\n<li>Me\u00f0alvigtin \u00e1 \u00feessum 111 k\u00fam <strong>reyndist a\u00f0 vera<\/strong> 720 pd. (<em>Fjallkonan<\/em> 1903)<\/li>\n<li>\u00deetta <strong>vir\u00f0ist a\u00f0 vera<\/strong> reglulegur stjarfi (<em>V\u00edsir<\/em> 1915)<\/li>\n<li>Ef tungl <strong>s\u00fdnist a\u00f0 vera<\/strong> myrkt og dimmt og hornal\u00edti\u00f0 (<em>Ve\u00f0ri\u00f0<\/em> 1963)<\/li>\n<li>Hann er <strong>sag\u00f0ur a\u00f0 vera<\/strong> vel menta\u00f0ur ma\u00f0ur (<em>Heimskringla<\/em> 1898)<\/li>\n<li>Hann var <strong>\u00e1litinn a\u00f0 vera<\/strong> me\u00f0 l\u00e6r\u00f0ustu m\u00f6nnum (<em>Nor\u00f0anfari<\/em> 1879)<\/li>\n<li>Ve\u00f0urhra\u00f0inn er <strong>talinn a\u00f0 hafa<\/strong> veri\u00f0 60 til 70 m\u00edlur \u00e1 kl.t\u00edma (<em>Heimskringla<\/em> 1903)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sumar \u00feessara sagna, a.m.k. <em>s\u00fdnast<\/em>, <em>vir\u00f0ast<\/em>, <em>hyggjast<\/em>, koma fyrir me\u00f0 <em>a\u00f0<\/em> \u00feegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li en elstu d\u00e6mi um <em>a\u00f0<\/em> me\u00f0 \u00feolmyndars\u00f6gnunum <em>sag\u00f0ur<\/em>, <em>\u00e1litinn<\/em>, <em>talinn<\/em> eru fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0ri 19. \u00f6ld. Bl\u00f3mat\u00edmi sambanda me\u00f0 <em>a\u00f0<\/em> vir\u00f0ist vera s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugir 19. aldar fyrir <em>s\u00fdnast a\u00f0<\/em> og <em>vir\u00f0ast a\u00f0<\/em>, fyrsti \u00feri\u00f0jungur 20. aldar fyrir <em>sag\u00f0ur a\u00f0<\/em>, <em>\u00e1litinn a\u00f0<\/em> og <em>talinn a\u00f0<\/em>, og \u00feri\u00f0ji til fimmti \u00e1ratugur 20. aldar fyrir <em>reynast a\u00f0<\/em> og <em>hyggjast a\u00f0<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed\u00f0ustu leifar allra sambandanna eru svo a\u00f0 fjara \u00fat um og upp \u00far 1960 ef marka m\u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em>. Eftir \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1 finna f\u00e1ein d\u00e6mi um \u00feolmyndarsagnirnar <em>talinn a\u00f0<\/em> og <em>\u00e1litinn a\u00f0<\/em>, en n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu a\u00f0 finna \u00ed textum tveggja manna sem skrifu\u00f0u miki\u00f0 \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0 og voru f\u00e6ddir kringum aldam\u00f3tin 1900.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er athyglisvert a\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugum 19. aldar og fram \u00e1 mi\u00f0ja 20. \u00f6ld er hlutfall d\u00e6ma me\u00f0 <em>a\u00f0<\/em> margfalt h\u00e6rra \u00ed vestur\u00edslensku bl\u00f6\u00f0unum <em>L\u00f6gbergi<\/em> og <em>Heimskringlu<\/em> en \u00ed bl\u00f6\u00f0um sem gefin voru \u00fat \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. \u00deessi setningager\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist \u00fev\u00ed hafa veri\u00f0 mun meira \u00e1berandi og var\u00f0veist betur \u00ed vestur\u00edslensku en \u00ed m\u00e1linu sem tala\u00f0 var h\u00e9r heima. \u00d3v\u00edst er hvernig megi sk\u00fdra \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>Vita\u00f0 er a\u00f0 h\u00e1tt hlutfall vesturfara kom af Nor\u00f0austurlandi \u2013 hugsanlegt er a\u00f0 \u00feessi setningager\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 algengari \u00fear og \u00fea\u00f0 endurspeglist \u00ed vestur\u00edslenskunni. En svo m\u00e1 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 samsvarandi sagnir \u00ed ensku taka me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnh\u00e1ttarmerki\u00f0 <em>to<\/em> (<em>intends to be<\/em>,<em> seems to be<\/em>, <em>appears to be<\/em>, <em>proves to be<\/em>, <em>is considered to be<\/em>, <em>is said to be<\/em>, <em>is believed to be<\/em>). \u00dea\u00f0 g\u00e6ti hafa stu\u00f0la\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda \u00feessari setningager\u00f0 vi\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>Hva\u00f0 sem \u00feessu l\u00ed\u00f0ur svarar \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00feeirri spurningu hvers vegna \u00feessar sagnir hafi misst <em>a\u00f0<\/em>. \u00de\u00f3 er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 <em>a\u00f0<\/em> var aldrei einr\u00e1tt, eins og \u00fea\u00f0 er og hefur veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00f6gnunum \u00ed fyrri flokknum h\u00e9r a\u00f0 framan (<em>reyna a\u00f0<\/em> o.s.frv.) \u2013 alltaf voru l\u00edka til myndir \u00e1n <em>a\u00f0<\/em>. Hugsanlegt er a\u00f0 amast hafi veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 <em>a\u00f0<\/em>-myndunum \u00ed kennslu, en \u00e9g hef \u00fe\u00f3 ekki fundi\u00f0 nein d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0. \u00deetta ver\u00f0ur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera \u00f3r\u00e1\u00f0in g\u00e1ta enn um sinn.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fj\u00f6ldi \u00edslenskra sagna tekur me\u00f0 s\u00e9r nafnh\u00e1ttarsamband, en me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 \u201es\u00f6gn \u00ed nafnh\u00e6tti og \u00fe\u00e1 setningarli\u00f0i sem tengjast henni n\u00e1i\u00f0, svo sem andl\u00f6g hennar og a\u00f0ra fyllili\u00f0i\u201c segir H\u00f6skuldur \u00der\u00e1insson \u00ed b\u00f3kinni Setningar. \u00c1 eftir sumum \u00feessara sagna hefst nafnh\u00e1ttarsambandi\u00f0 \u00e1 nafnh\u00e1ttarmerkinu a\u00f0, en \u00e1 eftir \u00f6\u00f0rum getur a\u00f0 ekki sta\u00f0i\u00f0. H\u00e9r [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3206"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3233,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206\/revisions\/3233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}