{"id":3218,"date":"2020-11-16T08:00:03","date_gmt":"2020-11-16T08:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3218"},"modified":"2020-11-15T21:53:35","modified_gmt":"2020-11-15T21:53:35","slug":"lifvaenleiki-islenskunnar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/16\/lifvaenleiki-islenskunnar\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00edfv\u00e6nleiki \u00edslenskunnar"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c1 degi \u00edslenskrar tungu skulum vi\u00f0 gle\u00f0jast yfir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan stendur \u00e1 margan h\u00e1tt vel \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fdmsar ytri a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur s\u00e9u henni \u00f3hagst\u00e6\u00f0ar um \u00feessar mundir. Auk sterkrar og samfelldrar b\u00f3kmenntahef\u00f0ar og lifandi \u00e1huga almennings byggist styrkur \u00edslenskunnar ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er a\u00f0altungum\u00e1li\u00f0 e\u00f0a eina tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum helstu svi\u00f0um \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edfsins: \u00ed stj\u00f3rnkerfinu, \u00ed menntakerfinu, \u00ed heilbrig\u00f0iskerfinu, \u00ed verslun og vi\u00f0skiptum, \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum, \u00ed menningarl\u00edfinu, \u00ed netsamskiptum, \u00ed samskiptum augliti til auglitis, og inni \u00e1 heimilinu.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u00f0 hugsum ekki alltaf \u00fat \u00ed hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er merkilegt a\u00f0 360 \u00fe\u00fasund manna samf\u00e9lag skuli eiga s\u00e9r s\u00e9rstakt tungum\u00e1l sem gegnir bur\u00f0arhlutverki \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um \u00ed t\u00e6kniv\u00e6ddu n\u00fat\u00edma\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi. Vissulega er til mikill fj\u00f6ldi tungum\u00e1la sem f\u00e6rra f\u00f3lk talar, en langflest \u00feeirra eru tungum\u00e1l \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0flokka \u00fear sem a\u00f0eins f\u00e1 \u00e1\u00f0urnefndra svi\u00f0a koma vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka til fj\u00f6ldi tungum\u00e1la sem millj\u00f3nir e\u00f0a millj\u00f3natugir f\u00f3lks eiga a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li, en eru aukatungum\u00e1l e\u00f0a minnihlutam\u00e1l \u00ed vi\u00f0komandi samf\u00e9lagi og a\u00f0eins notu\u00f0 \u00e1 sumum svi\u00f0um og eiga \u00fev\u00ed undir h\u00f6gg a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja.<\/p>\n<p>Samkv\u00e6mt <a href=\"https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000183699\">m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a UNESCO um l\u00edfv\u00e6nleik tungum\u00e1la<\/a> er \u00edslenska \u00ed fimmta og efsta styrkleikaflokki. \u00deessi kvar\u00f0i byggist \u00e1 sex m\u00e6listikum sem s\u00fdndar eru \u00ed t\u00f6flunni h\u00e9r fyrir ne\u00f0an, \u00e1samt \u00feeim skilyr\u00f0um sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 uppfylla til a\u00f0 komast \u00ed efsta \u00ferep hverrar stigu. Hinga\u00f0 til hefur veri\u00f0 tali\u00f0 \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6tt a\u00f0 \u00edslenska s\u00e9 \u00ed efsta \u00ferepi \u00e1 \u00feeim \u00f6llum og s\u00e9 \u00fear me\u00f0 <a href=\"http:\/\/languagesindanger.eu\/book-of-knowledge\/language-endangerment\/\">\u00f6rugg<\/a>. En ef til vill er ekki lengur alveg lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00edslenska n\u00e1i efsta \u00ferepi samkv\u00e6mt \u00f6llum vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um, og hugsanlega kalla t\u00e6knibreytingar s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ra l\u00edka \u00e1 einhver n\u00fd vi\u00f0mi\u00f0.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 96.6797%\" width=\"579\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\"><strong>M\u00e6listika<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\"><strong>Vi\u00f0mi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 komast \u00ed efsta \u00ferep m\u00e6listikunnar<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\">Flutningur m\u00e1lsins milli kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\">M\u00e1li\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 af \u00f6llum aldursh\u00f3pum, fr\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum og upp \u00far<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\">Fj\u00f6ldi m\u00e1lhafa<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\">\u00datiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 nefna t\u00f6lu, en m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9l\u00f6g eru \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mari sem \u00feau eru minni<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\">Hlutfall m\u00e1lhafa af heildar\u00edb\u00faafj\u00f6lda<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\">Allir nota m\u00e1li\u00f0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\">Umd\u00e6mi e\u00f0a svi\u00f0 sem m\u00e1li\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 \u00ed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\">M\u00e1li\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um og til allra \u00fearfa<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\">Vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins vi\u00f0 n\u00fdjum svi\u00f0um og mi\u00f0lum<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\">M\u00e1li\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum n\u00fdjum svi\u00f0um<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 34.6552%\" width=\"201\">Kennsluefni \u00ed m\u00e1li og l\u00e6si<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 92.8988%\" width=\"378\">M\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 s\u00e9r stafsetningu, rithef\u00f0, m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00e6kur, or\u00f0ab\u00e6kur, texta, b\u00f3kmenntir og fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0la. Ritm\u00e1li\u00f0 er nota\u00f0 \u00ed stj\u00f3rns\u00fdslu og menntun<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/notendur.hi.is\/eirikur\/Skirnir.pdf\">Utana\u00f0komandi \u00e1reiti<\/a> \u00e1 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 hefur st\u00f3raukist \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ratug, b\u00e6\u00f0i af v\u00f6ldum \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsbreytinga og t\u00e6knibreytinga. \u00deeim \u00edb\u00faum landsins sem ekki tala \u00edslensku fer t.d. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.skra.is\/um-okkur\/frettir\/frett\/2019\/11\/19\/Erlendir-rikisborgarar-busettir-a-Islandi\/\">\u00f6rt fj\u00f6lgandi<\/a>, og enskunotkun fer vaxandi \u00e1 \u00fdmsum svi\u00f0um, t.d. \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ruv.is\/frett\/enskan-mikilvaegust-thurfa-ad-skilja-fulla-ira\">fer\u00f0a\u00fej\u00f3nustu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/islenskan.is\/images\/Alyktanir-pdf\/Alyktun_IM_2010.pdf\">h\u00e1sk\u00f3lakennslu<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbl.is\/greinasafn\/grein\/1165320\/\">vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu<\/a> og v\u00ed\u00f0ar. Jafnframt hafa komi\u00f0 fram vangaveltur um hugsanlega <a href=\"http:\/\/hugras.is\/2016\/08\/snjalltaekjavaedingin-og-maltaka-islenskra-barna\/\">truflun \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6ku<\/a> vegna \u00f3n\u00f3grar \u00edslensku \u00ed m\u00e1lumhverfinu. \u00de\u00e1 valda \u00fe\u00e6ttir eins og snjallt\u00e6kjanotkun, \u00e1horf \u00e1 efni \u00e1 erlendum efnisveitum eins og YouTube og Netflix, al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0av\u00e6\u00f0ing o.fl. auknum \u00fer\u00fdsting \u00e1 \u00edslenskuna og langt\u00edma\u00e1hrif \u00feessara \u00fe\u00e1tta eru \u00f3lj\u00f3s.<\/p>\n<p>Sem betur fer h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed hendi okkar a\u00f0 breg\u00f0ast vi\u00f0 \u00f6llum \u00feessum hugsanlegu \u00f3gnunum. Sumt er \u00e1 \u00e1byrg\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnvalda, ekki s\u00edst a\u00f0 gera \u00edslensku gjaldgenga \u00ed stafr\u00e6nu umhverfi, og n\u00fa er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera \u00e1tak \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf l\u00edka a\u00f0 sty\u00f0ja myndarlega vi\u00f0 ger\u00f0 vanda\u00f0s og \u00e1hugaver\u00f0s fr\u00e6\u00f0slu- og af\u00fereyingarefnis \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u2013 b\u00f3ka, sj\u00f3nvarps\u00fe\u00e1tta, margmi\u00f0lunarefnis, t\u00f6lvuleikja o.fl. Einnig er br\u00fdnt a\u00f0 st\u00f3rauka og b\u00e6ta kennslu \u00ed \u00edslensku sem \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li fyrir f\u00f3lk sem h\u00e9r b\u00fdr og starfar.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00e1 endanum byggist \u00feetta ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 foreldrum, heimilum og sk\u00f3lum \u2013 vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 tala vi\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin, lesa fyrir \u00feau og hvetja \u00feau til lestrar, og vekja me\u00f0 \u00feeim \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00edslenskunni og r\u00e6kta j\u00e1kv\u00e6tt vi\u00f0horf til hennar. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta \u00f3frj\u00f3u m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0istagli \u00ed kennslu og l\u00e1ta skapandi vinnu me\u00f0 m\u00e1li\u00f0 koma \u00ed sta\u00f0inn. Og vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin verji minni t\u00edma \u00ed enskum m\u00e1lheimi \u2013 ekki me\u00f0 bo\u00f0um og b\u00f6nnum, heldur me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00feeim upp \u00e1 \u00e1hugavert efni \u00e1 \u00edslensku \u00ed sta\u00f0inn.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er okkar a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan lifi. Ef vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum ekki \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 halda \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 og \u00fear me\u00f0 \u00feau menningarver\u00f0m\u00e6ti sem \u00fea\u00f0 geymir er \u00fea\u00f0 dau\u00f0ad\u00e6mt. \u00c1byrg\u00f0in er okkar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c1 degi \u00edslenskrar tungu skulum vi\u00f0 gle\u00f0jast yfir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00edslenskan stendur \u00e1 margan h\u00e1tt vel \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00fdmsar ytri a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur s\u00e9u henni \u00f3hagst\u00e6\u00f0ar um \u00feessar mundir. Auk sterkrar og samfelldrar b\u00f3kmenntahef\u00f0ar og lifandi \u00e1huga almennings byggist styrkur \u00edslenskunnar ekki s\u00edst \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan er a\u00f0altungum\u00e1li\u00f0 e\u00f0a eina tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6llum helstu svi\u00f0um [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3218"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3232,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3218\/revisions\/3232"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}