{"id":3234,"date":"2020-11-19T08:00:36","date_gmt":"2020-11-19T08:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3234"},"modified":"2020-11-17T11:47:15","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T11:47:15","slug":"spa-rasks-og-samtiminn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/19\/spa-rasks-og-samtiminn\/","title":{"rendered":"Sp\u00e1 Rasks og samt\u00edminn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c1ri\u00f0 1813, fyrir r\u00famum 200 \u00e1rum, skrifa\u00f0i danski m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Rasmus Christian Rask vini s\u00ednum Bjarna Thorsteinssyni amtmanni br\u00e9f sem oft er vitna\u00f0 til. \u00dear <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/files\/9559227\">segir<\/a>: \u201eAnnars \u00fejer einl\u00e6glega a\u00f0 segja held jeg, a\u00f0 \u00edslenzkan br\u00e1\u00f0um muni \u00fataf deyja; reikna jeg, a\u00f0 varla muni nokkur skilja hana \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk a\u00f0 100 \u00e1rum li\u00f0num, en varla nokk\u00adur \u00ed landinu a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum 200 \u00e1rum \u00fear upp fr\u00e1, ef allt fer eins og hinga\u00f0 til og ekki ver\u00f0a ramm\u00adar skor\u00f0\u00adur vi\u00f0 reistar.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u00cdslenska var enn t\u00f6lu\u00f0 \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk 100 \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar, 1913, enda h\u00f3fu Rask og a\u00f0rir a\u00f0 reisa vi\u00f0 \u201erammar skor\u00f0ur\u201c \u00e1 n\u00e6stu \u00e1rum eftir \u00feetta. \u00de\u00f3tt svo hef\u00f0i ekki veri\u00f0 gert er tr\u00falegt a\u00f0 \u00edslenska v\u00e6ri enn notu\u00f0 \u00ed Reykja\u00adv\u00edk og ann\u00adars sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 landinu, en s\u00fa \u00edslenska v\u00e6ri l\u00edklega t\u00f6luvert \u00f6\u00f0ru\u00adv\u00edsi en s\u00fa sem vi\u00f0 t\u00f6lum n\u00fa. En Rask er svo sannarlega ekki einn um a\u00f0 hafa sp\u00e1\u00f0 hnignun og dau\u00f0a \u00edslenskunnar undan\u00adfarin 200 \u00e1r.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r er ekki \u00e6tlunin a\u00f0 rekja \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00f6gu en fr\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ratugum m\u00e1 t.d. nefna r\u00e1\u00f0stefnu \u201eum var\u00f0veislu og eflingu \u00edslenskrar tungu\u201c sem mennta\u00adm\u00e1lar\u00e1\u00f0herra st\u00f3\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0leikh\u00fasinu 1. desember 1985, og \u201eR\u00e1\u00f0\u00adstefnu um st\u00f6\u00f0u m\u00e1ls\u00adins\u201c sem var haldin \u00ed Norr\u00e6na h\u00fasinu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2006 a\u00f0 frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i nokk\u00adurra \u00e1hugamanna og me\u00f0 tilstyrk F\u00e9\u00adlags \u00eds\u00adlenskra b\u00f3ka\u00ad\u00fatgef\u00adenda og Rith\u00f6funda\u00adsam\u00adbands \u00cdslands. \u00c1 b\u00e1\u00f0um \u00feessum r\u00e1\u00f0stefnum var dregin upp d\u00f6kk mynd af st\u00f6\u00f0u og framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00edslenskunnar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd setn\u00adingar\u00ad\u00e1varpi fyrrnefndu r\u00e1\u00f0stefnunnar <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/files\/17284267\">sag\u00f0i<\/a> r\u00e1\u00f0\u00adherra a\u00f0 \u00eds\u00adlenska \u00e6tti \u201e\u00ed v\u00f6k a\u00f0 verjast\u201c og v\u00e6ri \u00e1 \u201eundanhaldi\u201c, og \u00e1 \u00feeirri s\u00ed\u00f0ar <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mbl.is\/greinasafn\/grein\/1062343\/\">sag\u00f0i<\/a> einn frumm\u00e6lenda m.a.: \u201eSj\u00e1lfar undirst\u00f6\u00f0ur tungum\u00e1lsins eru a\u00f0 bresta. Beygingakerfi\u00f0 er \u00ed uppn\u00e1mi og setn\u00adingafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegur grundv\u00f6llur l\u00edka. Svo vir\u00f0ist sem tilfinning f\u00f3lks fyrir upp\u00adbygg\u00adingu e\u00f0lilegra og einfaldra setninga s\u00e9 \u00e1 mj\u00f6g hr\u00f6\u00f0u undanhaldi.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Sp\u00e1r um hnign\u00adun og dau\u00f0a \u00edslenskunnar hafa \u00ed seinni t\u00ed\u00f0 oft veri\u00f0 tengdar t\u00e6kni\u00adn\u00fdj\u00adung\u00adum, t.d. Kana\u00adsj\u00f3nvarpinu, gervihnattasj\u00f3nvarpi, netinu, t\u00f6lvuleikjum o.fl. En eru eitthva\u00f0 meiri l\u00edkur til \u00feess n\u00fa en \u00e1\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u201eheimsendasp\u00e1menn\u201c hafi r\u00e9tt fyrir s\u00e9r? Um \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki gott a\u00f0 segja, en \u00e9g held a\u00f0 a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur n\u00fa s\u00e9u a\u00f0 minnsta kosti a\u00f0 \u00ferennu leyti andst\u00e6\u00f0ari \u00edslenskunni en \u00e1\u00f0ur hefur veri\u00f0:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Meira og v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kara \u00e1reiti.<\/strong> Enskan \u00ed m\u00e1lumhverfinu er miklu meiri og \u00e1 fleiri svi\u00f0um en erlent m\u00e1l hefur nokkru sinni veri\u00f0, eins og raki\u00f0 var \u00ed <a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/17\/ytri-ahrifavaldar-a-islensku\/\">pistli<\/a> h\u00e9r n\u00fdlega. M\u00e1lsamb\u00fdli \u00edslensku og ensku er \u00fev\u00ed miklu n\u00e1nara en \u00e1\u00f0ur \u2013 b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed raunheimi en ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur hinum stafr\u00e6na heimi nets, snjallt\u00e6kja og t\u00f6lvuleikja sem st\u00f3r hluti m\u00e1lnotenda lifir n\u00fa og hr\u00e6rist \u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yngri vi\u00f0takendur.<\/strong> B\u00f6rn \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i eru langsamlega vi\u00f0kv\u00e6must fyrir \u00fdmiss konar ytri \u00e1hrifum \u00e1 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0. Enskt m\u00e1l\u00e1reiti n\u00e6r n\u00fa til mun yngri barna en \u00e1\u00f0ur gegnum snjall\u00adt\u00e6ki og sj\u00f3nvarps\u00e1horf. D\u00f6nsk \u00e1hrif \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld n\u00e1\u00f0u l\u00edti\u00f0 sem ekkert til barna \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i, og ensk \u00e1hrif allt fr\u00e1 str\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1rum n\u00e1\u00f0u lengi einkum til fullor\u00f0inna \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytast.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gagnvirkni. <\/strong>Vissulega hafa \u00cdslendingar horft \u00e1 sj\u00f3nvarpsefni \u00e1 ensku fr\u00e1 t\u00edmum Kanasj\u00f3nvarpsins fyrir 60 \u00e1rum en enskunotkun m\u00e1lnotenda, einkum barna og ung\u00adlinga, er mun gag\u00adnvirkari en \u00e1\u00f0ur \u2013 \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 miklu leyti bundin vi\u00f0 ein\u00adhli\u00f0a mi\u00f0l\u00adun \u00fear sem f\u00f3lk eru \u00f3virkir vi\u00f0takendur er enskan n\u00fana or\u00f0in virkt samskiptat\u00e6ki vi\u00f0 f\u00f3lk og t\u00f6lvur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A\u00f0 svo st\u00f6ddu er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fullyr\u00f0a neitt um \u00e1hrif samf\u00e9lags- og t\u00e6kni\u00adbreytinga s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ra \u00e1 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0, enda getur teki\u00f0 nokkurn t\u00edma fyrir hugsanleg \u00e1hrif a\u00f0 koma fram. Enn er \u00fev\u00ed ekki \u00fats\u00e9\u00f0 um a\u00f0 seinni hluti \u00e1\u00f0urnefnds sp\u00e1d\u00f3ms Rasks r\u00e6tist, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 \u00eds\u00adlenska ver\u00f0i horfin af landinu \u00f6llu \u00e1ri\u00f0 2113. En vi\u00f0 getum afst\u00fdrt \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 svo ver\u00f0i \u2013 ef vi\u00f0 viljum.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c1ri\u00f0 1813, fyrir r\u00famum 200 \u00e1rum, skrifa\u00f0i danski m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn Rasmus Christian Rask vini s\u00ednum Bjarna Thorsteinssyni amtmanni br\u00e9f sem oft er vitna\u00f0 til. \u00dear segir: \u201eAnnars \u00fejer einl\u00e6glega a\u00f0 segja held jeg, a\u00f0 \u00edslenzkan br\u00e1\u00f0um muni \u00fataf deyja; reikna jeg, a\u00f0 varla muni nokkur skilja hana \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk a\u00f0 100 \u00e1rum li\u00f0num, en varla nokk\u00adur [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3234","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3234"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3237,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3234\/revisions\/3237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3234"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3234"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3234"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}