{"id":3291,"date":"2020-11-28T08:00:33","date_gmt":"2020-11-28T08:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3291"},"modified":"2020-11-28T16:49:16","modified_gmt":"2020-11-28T16:49:16","slug":"algengustu-ordmyndir-malsins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/11\/28\/algengustu-ordmyndir-malsins\/","title":{"rendered":"Algengustu or\u00f0myndir m\u00e1lsins"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an er tafla \u00fear sem 25 algengustu or\u00f0myndir \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls (einkum ritm\u00e1ls) eru s\u00fdndar \u00ed fj\u00f3rum fremstu d\u00e1lkunum, samkv\u00e6mt fj\u00f3rum heimildum \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/page\/4552984#page\/n9\/mode\/2up\">t\u00ed\u00f0nik\u00f6nnun \u00c1rs\u00e6ls Sigur\u00f0ssonar<\/a> 1940, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/clarin.is\/gogn\/ifd\/\">\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0t\u00ed\u00f0nib\u00f3k<\/a><\/em> 1991, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/mim.arnastofnun.is\/\">Marka\u00f0ri \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lheild<\/a> <\/em>2012 og <em><a href=\"https:\/\/malheildir.arnastofnun.is\/?mode=rmh2019#?lang=is-is&amp;stats_reduce=word&amp;isCaseInsensitive&amp;searchBy=word&amp;cqp=%5B%5D\">Risam\u00e1lheild<\/a><\/em> 2020. Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 margar af \u00feessum or\u00f0myndum tilheyra fleiri en einu uppflettior\u00f0i og ekki er greint \u00fear \u00e1 milli. \u00deannig getur <em>a\u00f0<\/em> veri\u00f0 nafnh\u00e1ttarmerki, samtenging og forsetning; <em>\u00e1<\/em> getur veri\u00f0 forsetning, atviksor\u00f0, sagnmynd, og mynd af tveimur mismunandi nafnor\u00f0um; <em>vi\u00f0<\/em> getur veri\u00f0 forsetning og pers\u00f3nufornafn; o.s.frv.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/files\/2020\/11\/tidni.png\" width=\"500\" \/><br \/>\nEins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 eru nokkurn veginn s\u00f6mu or\u00f0in \u00e1 \u00f6llum \u00feessum listum \u00fe\u00f3tt innbyr\u00f0is r\u00f6\u00f0 \u00feeirra s\u00e9 svol\u00edti\u00f0 breytileg; en <em>a\u00f0<\/em>, <em>og<\/em>, <em>\u00ed<\/em> og <em>\u00e1<\/em> eru alltaf \u00ed fj\u00f3rum efstu s\u00e6tunum. \u00deegar taflan er sko\u00f0u\u00f0 s\u00e9st gl\u00f6ggt a\u00f0 langflest or\u00f0in eru svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 <strong>kerfisor\u00f0<\/strong>, \u00fe.e. or\u00f0 sem hafa m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt hlutverk, s\u00fdna innbyr\u00f0is vensl or\u00f0a \u00ed setningum \u2013 einkum samtengingar, forsetningar og hj\u00e1lparsagnir, en einnig pers\u00f3nuforn\u00f6fn og atviksor\u00f0. Ekkert nafnor\u00f0, l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 e\u00f0a s\u00f6gn, nema myndir hj\u00e1lparsagnanna <em>vera<\/em> og <em>hafa<\/em>, er me\u00f0al \u00feessara or\u00f0a (\u00fe\u00f3tt einhverjar or\u00f0myndir sem tilheyra \u00feessum flokkum hafi v\u00e6ntanlega sl\u00e6\u00f0st me\u00f0 d\u00e6mum um <em>\u00e1<\/em> o.fl.).<\/p>\n<p>\u00deessi or\u00f0 eru nokkurn veginn \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 innihaldi textans, og eru \u00feess vegna yfirleitt \u00feau s\u00f6mu hva\u00f0a \u00edslenskur texti sem er sko\u00f0a\u00f0ur. Ef vi\u00f0 greinum listann eftir or\u00f0flokkum og sko\u00f0um algengustu nafnor\u00f0, sagnir (a\u00f0 fr\u00e1t\u00f6ldum hj\u00e1lpars\u00f6gnum) og l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an allt \u00f6nnur. Nafnor\u00f0 eins og <em>ma\u00f0ur<\/em> og <em>\u00e1r<\/em>, l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 eins og <em>margur<\/em>, <em>mikill<\/em> og <em>g\u00f3\u00f0ur<\/em>, sagnir eins og <em>koma<\/em>, <em>fara<\/em> og <em>segja<\/em> eru reyndar alltaf mj\u00f6g ofarlega, en eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem fari\u00f0 er ne\u00f0ar \u00ed t\u00ed\u00f0nilistanum ver\u00f0a ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar \u00f3l\u00edkari eftir textum vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 fer umfj\u00f6llunarefni\u00f0 a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 or\u00f0anotkun.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd fimmta d\u00e1lknum eru s\u00fdndar 25 algengustu or\u00f0myndirnar \u00ed talm\u00e1li (samt\u00f6lum) samkv\u00e6mt <em><a href=\"https:\/\/notendur.hi.is\/~eirikur\/istal\/\">\u00cdslenskum talm\u00e1lsbanka<\/a><\/em> (<em>\u00cdS-TAL<\/em>) sem safna\u00f0 var til um s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldam\u00f3t. Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 efnivi\u00f0urinn er \u00fear ekki nema t\u00e6p 200 \u00fe\u00fasund lesm\u00e1lsor\u00f0. Or\u00f0myndirnar eru a\u00f0 miklu leyti \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00f6mu og \u00ed ritm\u00e1linu, en \u00fe\u00f3 eru \u00fearna fimm or\u00f0 sem ekki eru me\u00f0al algengustu or\u00f0a ritm\u00e1lsins og mega teljast d\u00e6miger\u00f0 talm\u00e1lsor\u00f0 \u2013 <em>j\u00e1<\/em>, <em>bara<\/em>, <em>sko<\/em>, <em>svona<\/em>, <em>nei<\/em> og <em>h\u00e9rna<\/em>. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 eru \u00fdmis fleiri or\u00f0 bundin vi\u00f0 talm\u00e1l \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau komi ekki fram me\u00f0al algengustu or\u00f0a h\u00e9r, t.d. <em>j\u00e6ja<\/em>. Taki\u00f0 l\u00edka eftir a\u00f0 <em>og<\/em>, <em>\u00ed<\/em> og <em>\u00e1<\/em> sem eru me\u00f0al fj\u00f6gurra algengustu or\u00f0mynda \u00ed \u00f6llum ritm\u00e1lsk\u00f6nnununum eru \u00ed sj\u00f6tta til \u00e1ttunda s\u00e6ti \u00ed talm\u00e1linu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd aftasta d\u00e1lknum eru svo til samanbur\u00f0ar s\u00fdndar 25 algengustu or\u00f0myndirnar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li. \u00deessi listi er bygg\u00f0ur \u00e1 <em>\u00cdslendingas\u00f6gum<\/em>, <em>Sturlungu<\/em>, <em>Heimskringlu<\/em> og <em>Landn\u00e1mab\u00f3k<\/em>. \u00deetta eru a\u00f0 mestu leyti s\u00f6mu or\u00f0myndir og \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lslistunum sem s\u00fdnir st\u00f6\u00f0ugleik m\u00e1lsins. Fornafni\u00f0 <em>hann<\/em> er \u00fe\u00f3 mun ofar \u00fearna sem sk\u00fdrist af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 um fr\u00e1sagnarb\u00f3kmenntir er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. \u00de\u00e1 eru forsetningarnar <em>\u00ed<\/em> og <em>til<\/em> \u00e1l\u00edka algengar a\u00f0 fornu en \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li er <em>\u00ed <\/em>fj\u00f3rum til fimm sinnum algengari en <em>til<\/em>. Eina or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 fornm\u00e1lslistanum sem ekki er \u00ed h\u00f3pi algengra or\u00f0a \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li er neitunin <em>eigi<\/em> sem hefur a\u00f0 mestu leyti veri\u00f0 skipt \u00fat fyrir <em>ekki<\/em>. Ef t\u00ed\u00f0ni \u00feessara tveggja or\u00f0a \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li v\u00e6ri l\u00f6g\u00f0 saman yr\u00f0i neitunin \u00e1 svipu\u00f0um sta\u00f0 \u00ed r\u00f6\u00f0inni og \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e9r a\u00f0 ne\u00f0an er tafla \u00fear sem 25 algengustu or\u00f0myndir \u00edslensks n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls (einkum ritm\u00e1ls) eru s\u00fdndar \u00ed fj\u00f3rum fremstu d\u00e1lkunum, samkv\u00e6mt fj\u00f3rum heimildum \u2013 t\u00ed\u00f0nik\u00f6nnun \u00c1rs\u00e6ls Sigur\u00f0ssonar 1940, \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0t\u00ed\u00f0nib\u00f3k 1991, Marka\u00f0ri \u00edslenskri m\u00e1lheild 2012 og Risam\u00e1lheild 2020. Athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 margar af \u00feessum or\u00f0myndum tilheyra fleiri en einu uppflettior\u00f0i og ekki er greint \u00fear \u00e1 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3291"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3297,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3291\/revisions\/3297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3291"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3291"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}