Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra reglna sem vi\u00f0 tileinkum okkur \u00ed m\u00e1lt\u00f6kunni og f\u00e6star eru nefndar \u00ed b\u00f3kum nema \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3beint eru \u00fdmiss konar tengsl stofnger\u00f0ar og beygingarendingar. \u00deessar reglur eru misjafnlega n\u00e1kv\u00e6mar og misjafnlega v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kar. Sumar eru undantekningarlausar en taka a\u00f0eins til \u00f6rf\u00e1rra or\u00f0a, a\u00f0rar taka til mikils fj\u00f6lda or\u00f0a en eru frekar tilhneiging en f\u00f6st regla, og svo er allt \u00fear \u00e1 milli. \u00deess vegna tekur \u00fea\u00f0 t\u00edma fyrir b\u00f6rn \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00feeim \u00f6llum \u2013 \u00feau \u00feurfa miklar uppl\u00fdsingar, \u00feurfa a\u00f0 heyra miki\u00f0 af m\u00e1li \u00ed umhverfi s\u00ednu, til a\u00f0 geta tileinka\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00f6ll \u00feessi mynstur sem eru \u00f3talm\u00f6rg \u2013 h\u00e9r ver\u00f0a \u00f6rf\u00e1 nefnd.<\/p>\n
Flest karlkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa sterka beygingu (enda \u00e1 -s<\/em> e\u00f0a -ar<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu) enda \u00ed nefnifalli fleirt\u00f6lu anna\u00f0hvort \u00e1 -ar<\/em>, eins og hestar<\/strong><\/em>, e\u00f0a -ir<\/em>, eins og vinir<\/strong><\/em>. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i hvor endingin \u00e1 vi\u00f0 hverju sinni. En \u00fea\u00f0 er samt ekki svo a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 s\u00e9um algerlega \u00e1n lei\u00f0sagnar \u00ed \u00feessu n\u00e1mi. \u00dearna eru nefnilega \u00e1kve\u00f0in tengsl milli stofnger\u00f0ar og fleirt\u00f6luendingar \u2013 tilhneigingin er s\u00fa a\u00f0 or\u00f0 me\u00f0 grannt stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 (a<\/em>, e<\/em>, i<\/em>, o<\/em>, u<\/em>, (y<\/em>), \u00f6<\/em>) og eitt samhlj\u00f3\u00f0 \u00fear \u00e1 eftir f\u00e1i -ir<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lu, en \u00f6nnur or\u00f0 f\u00e1i -ar<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lu. Af fyrrnefnda h\u00f3pnum m\u00e1 nefna vinur <\/em>\u2013 vinir<\/em>, dalur<\/em> \u2013 dalir<\/em>, refur<\/em> \u2013 refir<\/em>, bolur<\/em> \u2013 bolir<\/em>, hamur<\/em> \u2013 hamir<\/em>, svanur <\/em>\u2013 svanir<\/em>, litur<\/em> \u2013 litir<\/em>, her<\/em> \u2013 herir<\/em>, o.m.fl.<\/p>\n \u00deessi tilhneiging er vissulega fjarri \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera undantekningarlaus. Or\u00f0 eins og gestur<\/em> og brestur<\/em> hafa t.d. s\u00f6mu stofnger\u00f0 og hestur<\/em> en f\u00e1 samt -ir<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lu. Or\u00f0 eins og dagur<\/em> og vogur<\/em> f\u00e1 -ar<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lu \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau falli undir \u00fea\u00f0 mynstur sem oftast f\u00e6r -ir<\/em>. Svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja. \u00dea\u00f0 er samt nokku\u00f0 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 \u00feessari tilhneigingu \u00ed m\u00e1lt\u00f6kunni og n\u00fdta s\u00e9r hana \u2013 fyrir \u00feeim er -ar<\/em> sj\u00e1lfgefin fleirtala sem \u00feau alh\u00e6fa i\u00f0ulega og nota \u00fear sem h\u00fan \u00e1 ekki vi\u00f0 en l\u00e6ra svo undantekningarnar sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt. \u00deetta s\u00e9st l\u00edka \u00ed m\u00e1lbreytingum \u2013 refur<\/em> var t.d. refar<\/em> \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li og dalur<\/em> oftast dalar<\/em>. En n\u00fa hafa \u00feessi or\u00f0 alltaf -ir<\/em>-fleirt\u00f6lu, refir<\/em> og dalir<\/em>, eins og d\u00e6migert er fyrir \u00feessa stofnger\u00f0.<\/p>\n Flest karlkynsor\u00f0 sem hafa -<\/em>(j<\/em>)\u00f6<\/em> \u00ed stofni endu\u00f0u \u00e1\u00f0ur<\/a> \u00e1 -u<\/em> \u00ed \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 fir\u00f0ir<\/em> um fj\u00f6r\u00f0u<\/em>, kettir<\/em> um k\u00f6ttu<\/em> o.s.frv. N\u00fa hafa \u00feessi or\u00f0 fengi\u00f0 -i<\/em> \u00ed \u00feolfalli fleirt\u00f6lu og \u00fear me\u00f0 laga\u00f0 sig a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um sem enda \u00e1 -ir<\/em> \u00ed nefnifallinu \u2013 beygjast fir\u00f0ir<\/em> um fir\u00f0i<\/em>, kettir<\/em> um ketti<\/em> o.s.frv. En stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 fylgdi \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milega me\u00f0 \u2013 beygingin fir\u00f0ir<\/em> um *fj\u00f6r\u00f0i<\/em>, kettir<\/em> um *k\u00f6tti<\/em> er \u00f3hugsandi. Or\u00f0 af \u00feessum flokki enda yfirleitt \u00e1 -i<\/em> \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli eint\u00f6lu og -ar<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli \u2013 fir\u00f0i \u2013 fjar\u00f0ar<\/em>, ketti <\/em>\u2013 kattar<\/em>. En sum \u00feeirra, t.d. m\u00f6kkur<\/em>, hafa tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 missa endinguna \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1gufalli og f\u00e1 -ar<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli \u2013 beygjast m\u00f6kk <\/em>\u2013 m\u00f6kks<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0 mekki<\/em> \u2013 makkar<\/em>. \u00dear me\u00f0 breytist stofns\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 l\u00edka \u2013 \u00a0*mekk<\/em> \u2013 *makks<\/em> er \u00f3hugsandi.<\/p>\n Langflest kvenkynsor\u00f0 (\u00f6nnur en veika beygingin, or\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 -a<\/em> \u00ed nefnifalli eint\u00f6lu) enda \u00e1 -ar<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu \u2013 mynd<\/em> \u2013 myndar<\/em>, sk\u00e1l<\/em> \u2013 sk\u00e1lar<\/em>, b\u00f3k<\/em> \u2013 b\u00f3kar<\/em>, helgi<\/em> \u2013 helgar<\/em> o.s.frv. F\u00e1ein or\u00f0 f\u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 eignarfallsendinguna -ur<\/em>. Undir \u00fea\u00f0 falla einkum fr\u00e6ndsemisor\u00f0in m\u00f3\u00f0ir<\/em>, d\u00f3ttir<\/em> og systir<\/em> og svo or\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1 -\u00edk<\/em>: v\u00edk<\/em>, t\u00edk<\/em>, fl\u00edk<\/em>, br\u00edk<\/em> og samsetningar af \u00feeim. Sum \u00feeirra f\u00e1 alltaf -ur<\/em> \u00ed eignafalli, a.m.k. v\u00edk<\/em>, en hin flakka milli -ar<\/em> og -ur<\/em>. En \u00fea\u00f0 er greinilegt a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendur hafa tilfinningu fyrir \u00feessum tengslum milli -\u00edk<\/em> \u00ed stofni og -ur<\/em>-endingar. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00feeim fj\u00f6lda t\u00f6kuor\u00f0a sem enda \u00e1 -\u00edk<\/em> og f\u00e1 \u00feessa sjaldg\u00e6fu eignarfallsendingu, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 -ar<\/em> s\u00e9 annars yfirgn\u00e6fandi: p\u00f3lit\u00edk<\/em>, r\u00f3mant\u00edk<\/em>, klass\u00edk<\/em>, l\u00fdr\u00edk<\/em>, graf\u00edk<\/em>, k\u00f3m\u00edk<\/em>, m\u00fas\u00edk<\/em> o.s.frv.<\/p>\n Margv\u00edsleg mynstur lei\u00f0beina okkur \u00feannig um beygingu og eru misjafnlega sterk \u2013 sum eru n\u00e1nast \u00f3fr\u00e1v\u00edkjanleg eins og tengsl milli stofnger\u00f0ar og endingar \u00ed or\u00f0um \u00e1 vi\u00f0 k\u00f6ttur<\/em> og fj\u00f6r\u00f0ur<\/em>, \u00f6nnur eru tilhneigingar sem eiga s\u00e9r \u00f3tal undantekningar eins og tengsl milli stofnger\u00f0ar og fleirt\u00f6luendingar \u00ed or\u00f0um \u00e1 vi\u00f0 hestur<\/em> og vinur<\/em>. Svo eru l\u00edka fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 engar e\u00f0a mj\u00f6g \u00f3lj\u00f3sar reglur s\u00e9u til lei\u00f0sagnar, og \u00fe\u00e1 m\u00e1 b\u00faast vi\u00f0 m\u00e1lbreytingum eins og \u00ed sterkum kvenkynsor\u00f0um \u00fear sem hur\u00f0ar<\/em> er komi\u00f0 upp<\/a> sem fleirtala til hli\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 hur\u00f0ir<\/em> o.s.frv.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra reglna sem vi\u00f0 tileinkum okkur \u00ed m\u00e1lt\u00f6kunni og f\u00e6star eru nefndar \u00ed b\u00f3kum nema \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3beint eru \u00fdmiss konar tengsl stofnger\u00f0ar og beygingarendingar. \u00deessar reglur eru misjafnlega n\u00e1kv\u00e6mar og misjafnlega v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kar. Sumar eru undantekningarlausar en taka a\u00f0eins til \u00f6rf\u00e1rra or\u00f0a, a\u00f0rar taka til mikils fj\u00f6lda or\u00f0a en eru frekar tilhneiging en f\u00f6st regla, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3307"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3310,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3307\/revisions\/3310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3307"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3307"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3307"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}