{"id":3379,"date":"2020-12-10T16:41:59","date_gmt":"2020-12-10T16:41:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3379"},"modified":"2021-05-31T13:58:52","modified_gmt":"2021-05-31T13:58:52","slug":"sjalfs-sins-herra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/12\/10\/sjalfs-sins-herra\/","title":{"rendered":"Sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn(s) herra"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd <em>M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/malfar.arnastofnun.is\/grein\/71070\"><strong>segir<\/strong><\/a>: \u00ad\u00ad\u201eR\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 einhver s\u00e9 <strong>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn herra<\/strong> en ekki \u201esj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns herra\u201c.\u201c B\u00e1\u00f0ar myndirnar, <em>s\u00edn <\/em>og <em>s\u00edns<\/em>, eru vitanlega fullgildar fornafnsmyndir. S\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda er eignarfall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed karlkyni og hvorugkyni af eignarfornafninu <em>sinn<\/em>, en s\u00fa fyrrnefnda getur b\u00e6\u00f0i veri\u00f0 eignarfall afturbeyg\u00f0a fornafnsins <em>sig <\/em>og nefnifall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed kvenkyni og nefnifall og \u00feolfall fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed hvorugkyni af <em>sinn<\/em>. Vandinn er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 hvorugt \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00ed sambandinu <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>) <em>herra<\/em>. \u00dear m\u00e6tti b\u00faast vi\u00f0 eignarfornafni sem st\u00e6\u00f0i me\u00f0 <em>herra<\/em>, en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 vera \u00ed sama kyni, t\u00f6lu og falli, \u00fe.e. karlkyni, eint\u00f6lu og nefnifalli, og vera *<em>sj\u00e1lfs sinn herra<\/em> \u2013 og \u00fea\u00f0 gengur ekki.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e6tti l\u00edka b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 sleppa <em>sj\u00e1lfs <\/em>og l\u00e1ta <em>s\u00edn<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>) standa eftir \u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 er hvorki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 segja *<em>hann er s\u00edn herra<\/em> n\u00e9 *<em>hann er s\u00edns herra<\/em>. En hva\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00e1 <em>s\u00edn<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>)? \u00cd fornu m\u00e1li var eignarfornafni\u00f0 i\u00f0ulega hli\u00f0st\u00e6tt nafnor\u00f0inu sem \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u2013 stendur \u00ed sama kyni, t\u00f6lu og falli. \u00deetta samband eignarfornafns og nafnor\u00f0s t\u00f3k s\u00ed\u00f0an me\u00f0 s\u00e9r sj\u00e1lfur \u00ed eignarfalli, en kyn og tala \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfur r\u00e9\u00f0st af undanfaranum, \u00fe.e. or\u00f0inu sem sj\u00e1lfur v\u00edsa\u00f0i til. \u00cd <em>Snorra-Eddu<\/em> segir: \u201e<u>stj\u00f3rnari himintunglanna<\/u>, s\u00e1 er stilla mundi gang \u00feeirra a\u00f0 vilja <strong>s\u00ednum sj\u00e1lfs<\/strong>\u201c, og \u00ed <em>Sturlungu <\/em>segir \u201e<u>P\u00e1ll Kolbeinsson og \u00feeir menn er me\u00f0 honum voru<\/u> h\u00f6f\u00f0u eigi r\u00e1nsf\u00e9 og voru \u00e1 <strong>s\u00ednum <\/strong>kosti <strong>sj\u00e1lfra<\/strong>\u201c. H\u00e9r er undanfari fornafnanna <em>sinn <\/em>og <em>sj\u00e1lfur <\/em>undirstrika\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd \u00feessum d\u00e6mum heg\u00f0ar eignarfornafni\u00f0 s\u00e9r sem s\u00e9 alveg eins og \u00fea\u00f0 gerir \u00e1n <em>sj\u00e1lfur<\/em>, og h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 fella <em>sj\u00e1lfur <\/em>brott \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 breytist \u00ed ger\u00f0 setninganna. Eins og s\u00e9st \u00ed d\u00e6munum h\u00e9r \u00e1 undan fara merkingarleg og setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ileg skil ekki saman. Setningafr\u00e6\u00f0ilega stendur eignarfornafni\u00f0 me\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0inu, sambeygist \u00fev\u00ed, en \u00fea\u00f0 myndar aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti merkingarlega heild me\u00f0 <em>sj\u00e1lfur<\/em>. \u00deetta er b\u00fdsna fl\u00f3ki\u00f0 og \u00fev\u00ed er \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r ekkert skr\u00edti\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00feetta samband taki breytingum. \u00deegar \u00ed fornu m\u00e1li m\u00e1 finna \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 eignarfornafni\u00f0 sambeygist <em>sj\u00e1lfur <\/em>\u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 sambeygjast nafnor\u00f0inu, en <em>sj\u00e1lfur <\/em>\u00feiggur sem fyrr kyn og t\u00f6lu fr\u00e1 undanfara s\u00ednum. \u00cd <em>Sturlungu <\/em>segir: \u201eog veitti hann \u00deorvar\u00f0i miki\u00f0 li\u00f0 me\u00f0 <strong>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns<\/strong> framkv\u00e6md og r\u00f6sklegri framg\u00f6ngu\u201c (\u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>framkv\u00e6md sinni sj\u00e1lfs<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd margar aldir vir\u00f0ist sambandi\u00f0 <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns<\/em> hafa veri\u00f0 einhaft, og \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki fyrr en eftir mi\u00f0ja 19. \u00f6ld sem fer a\u00f0 bera \u00e1 d\u00e6mum um <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em> og d\u00e6mum um <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns<\/em> a\u00f0 f\u00e6kka. Jakob J\u00f3h. Sm\u00e1ri segir \u00ed <em>\u00cdslenzkri setningafr\u00e6\u00f0i<\/em> fyrir 100 \u00e1rum: \u201e<strong>reglan \u00ed n\u00fd\u00edsl. ritm\u00e1li er s\u00fa, a\u00f0 nota eignarfall af \u00bbsj\u00e1lfur\u00ab \u00ed r\u00e9ttri t\u00f6lu og eignarfall pers\u00f3nufornafnsins, en ekki eignarfornafn<\/strong> (t.d. stela \u00far sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn hendi, eg kom til sj\u00e1lfs m\u00edn aftur, h\u00fan kom til sj\u00e1lfrar s\u00edn, \u00feeir g\u00e6ta sj\u00e1lfra s\u00edn, kraftur sj\u00e1lfra vor o.s.frv.).\u201c \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 t\u00f6luvert um a\u00f0 <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em> og <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns<\/em> v\u00edsi til undanfara \u00ed kvenkyni e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu \u00fear sem b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 <em>sj\u00e1lfrar <\/em>e\u00f0a <em>sj\u00e1lfra<\/em>: \u201eKristr\u00fan \u00ed Hamrav\u00edk bar einnig h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0 h\u00e1tt fyrir sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns h\u00f6nd\u201c (\u00ed sta\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfrar s\u00edn); \u201eMenn eiga a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns herrar en jafnframt hj\u00e1lpa \u00feeim sem er hj\u00e1lpar \u00fe\u00f6rf\u201c (\u00ed sta\u00f0 <em>sj\u00e1lfra s\u00edn<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur er nefnt getur <em>s\u00edn<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>) \u00ed samb\u00f6ndum eins og <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>) <em>herra<\/em>, <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>) <em>s\u00f6k <\/em>o.fl. hvorki veri\u00f0 mynd af afturbeyg\u00f0a fornafninu <em>sig <\/em>n\u00e9 eignarfornafninu <em>sinn<\/em>. \u00c9g s\u00e9 ekki betur en \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0i a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 <em>sj\u00e1lf<\/em>(<em>s<\/em>) <em>s\u00edn <\/em>sem s\u00e9rstakt tv\u00edyrt fornafn. Hvorki <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns<\/em> n\u00e9 <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em> er upprunalegt, en <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns <\/em>er eldra og \u00e1 s\u00e9r \u00f3slitna hef\u00f0 allt fr\u00e1 fornm\u00e1li, en varla er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 tala um a\u00f0 hef\u00f0in fyrir <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em> s\u00e9 eldri en fr\u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar. Vissulega er <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn<\/em> algengast \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li, en <em>sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns<\/em> er \u00fe\u00f3 mj\u00f6g algengt l\u00edka, a.m.k. \u00ed talm\u00e1li og \u00f3formlegu ritm\u00e1li. \u00c9g s\u00e9 engar forsendur fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 telja \u00fea\u00f0 rangt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum segir: \u00ad\u00ad\u201eR\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 einhver s\u00e9 sj\u00e1lfs s\u00edn herra en ekki \u201esj\u00e1lfs s\u00edns herra\u201c.\u201c B\u00e1\u00f0ar myndirnar, s\u00edn og s\u00edns, eru vitanlega fullgildar fornafnsmyndir. S\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda er eignarfall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed karlkyni og hvorugkyni af eignarfornafninu sinn, en s\u00fa fyrrnefnda getur b\u00e6\u00f0i veri\u00f0 eignarfall afturbeyg\u00f0a fornafnsins sig og nefnifall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed kvenkyni og [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635,158638],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar","category-malvillur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3379"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3912,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3379\/revisions\/3912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3379"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3379"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3379"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}