{"id":3384,"date":"2020-12-12T08:00:22","date_gmt":"2020-12-12T08:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3384"},"modified":"2020-12-11T15:44:56","modified_gmt":"2020-12-11T15:44:56","slug":"ma-baeta-vid-personufornafni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/12\/12\/ma-baeta-vid-personufornafni\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 pers\u00f3nufornafni?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cdslenska hefur \u00ferj\u00fa m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg kyn. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri sannarlega mj\u00f6g miki\u00f0 inngrip \u00ed m\u00e1lkerfi\u00f0 og meira en l\u00edti\u00f0 vafasamt a\u00f0 \u00e6tla s\u00e9r a\u00f0 breyta \u00feessu. En me\u00f0 uppt\u00f6ku pers\u00f3nufornafnsins\u00a0<em>h\u00e1n<\/em>\u00a0er ekki veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a kyninu \u00ed \u00edslensku, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0\u00a0<em>h\u00e1n\u00a0<\/em>er hvorugkyns og hvorugkyn er til \u00ed m\u00e1linu. \u00dea\u00f0 er bara veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma me\u00f0 n\u00fdtt or\u00f0 sem leysir or\u00f0 sem fyrir er af h\u00f3lmi a\u00f0 hluta til. \u00cd sta\u00f0inn fyrir a\u00f0 hafa eitt or\u00f0,\u00a0<em>\u00fea\u00f0<\/em>, til a\u00f0 t\u00e1kna \u00feri\u00f0ju pers\u00f3nu eint\u00f6lu, h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 n\u00fa tv\u00f6,\u00a0<em>\u00fea\u00f0\u00a0<\/em>og\u00a0<em>h\u00e1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deetta er meira a\u00f0 segja ekkert einsd\u00e6mi \u00ed m\u00e1linu. Til skamms t\u00edma, me\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e9ringar t\u00ed\u00f0ku\u00f0ust enn, h\u00f6f\u00f0um vi\u00f0 tv\u00f6 forn\u00f6fn til a\u00f0 t\u00e1kna a\u00f0ra pers\u00f3nu \u2013 venjulega fornafni\u00f0\u00a0<em>\u00fe\u00fa<\/em>, \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu\u00a0<em>\u00fei\u00f0<\/em>, og svo\u00a0<em>\u00fe\u00e9r\u00a0<\/em>b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed eint\u00f6lu og fleirt\u00f6lu. \u00deessi forn\u00f6fn h\u00f6f\u00f0u me\u00f0 s\u00e9r verkaskiptingu, \u00feannig a\u00f0\u00a0<em>\u00fe\u00fa<\/em>\u00a0var nota\u00f0 vi\u00f0 allar venjulegar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur en\u00a0<em>\u00fe\u00e9r<\/em>\u00a0vi\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem ma\u00f0ur \u00feekkti ekki e\u00f0a til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna vir\u00f0ingu. Svipa\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja um fyrstu pers\u00f3nuna \u2013 \u00fear h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0\u00a0<em>\u00e9g<\/em>, \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu\u00a0<em>vi\u00f0<\/em>, en fornafni\u00f0\u00a0<em>v\u00e9r\u00a0<\/em>var nota\u00f0 \u00ed upph\u00f6fnu tali b\u00e6\u00f0i fyrir eint\u00f6luna og fleirt\u00f6luna.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9g hef heyrt \u00fev\u00ed haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki s\u00e9 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 kyni s\u00e9 \u00fearna veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 breyta m\u00e1lkerfinu me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 b\u00faa til n\u00fdja m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega formdeild, n\u00fdja tegund af flokkun \u2013 \u00ed f\u00f3lk, sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til me\u00f0\u00a0<em>h\u00e1n<\/em>, og d\u00fdr og dau\u00f0a hluti, sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er til me\u00f0\u00a0<em>\u00fea\u00f0<\/em>. En sl\u00edk flokkun er \u00feegar fyrir hendi \u00ed kerfinu, a.m.k. hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem vilja binda or\u00f0 eins og\u00a0<em>\u00e9ta<\/em>,\u00a0<em>l\u00f6pp\u00a0<\/em>o.fl. vi\u00f0 d\u00fdr en nota\u00a0<em>bor\u00f0a<\/em>,\u00a0<em>f\u00f3tur\u00a0<\/em>o.s.frv. um f\u00f3lk.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd sk\u00f3lum er yfirleitt kennt a\u00f0 or\u00f0flokkarnir skiptist \u00ed opna og loka\u00f0a flokka. Opnir eru \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feeir flokkar sem geta b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 sig n\u00fdjum or\u00f0um \u2013 a\u00f0allega nafnor\u00f0, en einnig l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0, sagnir, og a\u00f0 einhverju marki atviksor\u00f0. Samtengingar, forsetningar og forn\u00f6fn eru aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti taldir loka\u00f0ir or\u00f0flokkar \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 b\u00e6tist ekki n\u00fd or\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka tala\u00f0 um \u00feetta sem mun \u00e1 inntaksor\u00f0um og kerfisor\u00f0um. En ef forn\u00f6fn eru loka\u00f0ur or\u00f0flokkur, hvernig er \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 n\u00fdju fornafni?<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er auglj\u00f3st af hverju nafnor\u00f0, l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 og sagnor\u00f0 eru opnir flokkar \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 hl\u00fdst af e\u00f0li \u00feessara flokka. \u00dea\u00f0 eru alltaf a\u00f0 koma n\u00fd fyrirb\u00e6ri e\u00f0a n\u00fdjar hugmyndir sem \u00feurfa n\u00f6fn, \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa fyrirb\u00e6rum \u00e1 n\u00fdjan h\u00e1tt, og \u00fea\u00f0 eru alltaf a\u00f0 koma til n\u00fdjar athafnir e\u00f0a a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir. Um forn\u00f6fn, forsetningar og samtengingar gegnir \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li. Or\u00f0 af \u00feessum flokkum hafa fyrst og fremst hlutverk innan m\u00e1lsins, eru kerfisor\u00f0 \u2013 l\u00fdsa \u00e1kve\u00f0num venslum milli or\u00f0a og setninga. Sl\u00edk vensl breytast ekki svo glatt og \u00feess vegna er sjaldan \u00fe\u00f6rf fyrir n\u00fd or\u00f0 af \u00feessum flokkum. En loku\u00f0u or\u00f0flokkarnir eru reyndar ekki har\u00f0loka\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n<p>Or\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0<em>allur<\/em>\u00a0er t.d. greint sem l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 \u00ed eldri m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ib\u00f3kum en n\u00fa er \u00fea\u00f0 alltaf greint sem \u00f3\u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 fornafn og samkv\u00e6mt \u00fev\u00ed hefur \u00fear b\u00e6st or\u00f0 \u00ed loka\u00f0an or\u00f0flokk. \u00dea\u00f0 hafa l\u00edka b\u00e6st vi\u00f0 forsetningar og samtengingar fr\u00e1 fornu m\u00e1li til n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1ls. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 sem s\u00e9 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessir flokkar eru venjulega taldir loka\u00f0ir s\u00e9 ekki s\u00fa a\u00f0 \u00feeir geti ekki teki\u00f0 vi\u00f0 n\u00fdjum or\u00f0um, heldur fremur s\u00fa a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum svo sjaldan n\u00fd or\u00f0 af \u00fev\u00ed tagi sem \u00feessir flokkar hafa a\u00f0 geyma. En ef vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum \u00e1 \u00feeim a\u00f0 halda, \u00fe\u00e1 er alveg h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta \u00feeim vi\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deannig er \u00ed \u00feessu tilviki. \u00c9g get alveg teki\u00f0 undir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 handst\u00fdring tungum\u00e1lsins er almennt s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00f3\u00e6skileg. En \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00f3\u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 h\u00f3pur f\u00f3lks upplifi sig utangar\u00f0s \u00ed m\u00f3\u00f0urm\u00e1li s\u00ednu. Vissulega er ekkert au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 breyta m\u00e1lnotkun sinni \u00feegar um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a fyrirb\u00e6ri sem eru jafn inngr\u00f3in \u00ed m\u00e1lkerfi manns og pers\u00f3nuforn\u00f6fn. \u00c9g \u00fearf alltaf a\u00f0 hugsa mig um \u00feegar \u00e9g nota\u00a0<em>h\u00e1n<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fearf \u00e9g l\u00edka a\u00f0 gera \u00feegar \u00e9g nota or\u00f0in\u00a0<em>\u00e6r<\/em>\u00a0og\u00a0<em>k\u00fdr<\/em>. \u00deetta tekur t\u00edma \u2013 en \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir ekki a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00f3gerlegt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cdslenska hefur \u00ferj\u00fa m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg kyn. \u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri sannarlega mj\u00f6g miki\u00f0 inngrip \u00ed m\u00e1lkerfi\u00f0 og meira en l\u00edti\u00f0 vafasamt a\u00f0 \u00e6tla s\u00e9r a\u00f0 breyta \u00feessu. En me\u00f0 uppt\u00f6ku pers\u00f3nufornafnsins\u00a0h\u00e1n\u00a0er ekki veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta vi\u00f0 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a kyninu \u00ed \u00edslensku, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0\u00a0h\u00e1n\u00a0er hvorugkyns og hvorugkyn er til \u00ed m\u00e1linu. \u00dea\u00f0 er bara veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 koma me\u00f0 n\u00fdtt or\u00f0 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3384","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3384"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3385,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3384\/revisions\/3385"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3384"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3384"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3384"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}