{"id":3394,"date":"2020-12-17T08:00:36","date_gmt":"2020-12-17T08:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3394"},"modified":"2025-09-09T22:37:59","modified_gmt":"2025-09-09T22:37:59","slug":"ekki-osjaldan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/12\/17\/ekki-osjaldan\/","title":{"rendered":"Ekki \u00f3sjaldan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Stundum er amast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 <em>ekki \u00f3sjaldan<\/em> s\u00e9 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 merkja 'alloft' eins og \u00fea\u00f0 gerir oftastn\u00e6r. M\u00f6rgum finnst \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>\u00f3\u2011<\/em> s\u00e9 neitunarforskeyti og <em>\u00f3sjaldan <\/em>merki 'oft' \u2013 <em>ekki \u00f3sjaldan<\/em> hlj\u00f3ti \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 merkja 'sjaldan', \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 neitanirnar, <em>ekki <\/em>og <em>\u00f3\u2011<\/em>, vegi hvor a\u00f0ra upp. En \u00fea\u00f0 er reyndar alls ekki alltaf svo a\u00f0 forskeyti\u00f0 <em>\u00f3\u2011<\/em> neiti merkingu stofnsins sem \u00fea\u00f0 tengist. I\u00f0ulega merkir \u00fea\u00f0 miklu fremur 'sl\u00e6mur, vondur'; <em>\u00f3sj\u00f3r<\/em> er 'vondur sj\u00f3r', <em>\u00f3vani <\/em>'vondur vani', <em>\u00f3brag\u00f0<\/em> 'vont brag\u00f0', o.s.frv. Ef stofninn er sj\u00e1lfur neikv\u00e6\u00f0rar merkingar getur svo fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 u.\u00fe.b. sama merking f\u00e1ist, hvort sem <em>\u00f3\u2011<\/em> er nota\u00f0 e\u00f0a ekki; <em>l\u00e6ti <\/em>og <em>\u00f3l\u00e6ti <\/em>eru nokku\u00f0 svipu\u00f0, og s\u00f6mulei\u00f0is <em>\u00feefur<\/em> og <em>\u00f3\u00feefur<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00fe\u00f3tt forskeyti\u00f0 <em>\u00f3\u2011<\/em> hafi alls ekki alltaf beina neitunarmerkingu felur \u00fea\u00f0 sennilega yfirleitt eitthva\u00f0 neikv\u00e6tt \u00ed s\u00e9r. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 nokku\u00f0 greinilegt a\u00f0 <em>\u00f3\u2011<\/em> \u00ed <em>\u00f3sjaldan <\/em>er neitandi merkingar, og <em>\u00f3sjaldan <\/em>eitt s\u00e9r er andst\u00e6\u00f0rar merkingar vi\u00f0 <em>sjaldan<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u201e\u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta <em>ekki \u00f3sjaldan<\/em> merkja \u00fea\u00f0 sama. En \u00fev\u00ed fer fjarri a\u00f0 tungum\u00e1li\u00f0 s\u00e9 alltaf \u201e<a href=\"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/09\/01\/af-rokrettu-mali\/\">r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt<\/a>\u201c, og \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00edta fram hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er g\u00f6mul og mj\u00f6g r\u00edk m\u00e1lvenja fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>ekki \u00f3sjaldan<\/em> merki 'alloft'. \u00cd sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 neitanirnar vegi hvor a\u00f0ra upp m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r leggist saman.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 merking samsettra or\u00f0a er sjaldnast bara summa af merkingu samsetningarli\u00f0anna \u2013 vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra merkingu samsetningarinnar s\u00e9rstaklega og \u00ed or\u00f0um sem vir\u00f0ast hli\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0 a\u00f0 ger\u00f0 geta tengsl li\u00f0anna veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu m\u00f3ti. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>h\u00fas<\/em> birtist t.d. \u00ed fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rgum \u00f3l\u00edkum samsetningum. \u00deannig v\u00edsar <em>timburh\u00fas<\/em> til efnis h\u00fassins, <em>einingah\u00fas <\/em>fremur til byggingara\u00f0fer\u00f0ar, <em>\u00edb\u00fa\u00f0arh\u00fas<\/em> til n\u00fdtingar, <em>fj\u00f6lb\u00fdlish\u00fas <\/em>til skipulags, <em>eldh\u00fas<\/em> og <em>\u00fevottah\u00fas<\/em> eru ekki einu sinni h\u00fas, heldur herbergi \u2013 a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 tala\u00f0 um <em>gleraugnah\u00fas <\/em>og <em>n\u00e1lah\u00fas<\/em>. \u00deetta l\u00e6rum vi\u00f0 sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt, \u00e1 m\u00e1lt\u00f6kuskei\u00f0i e\u00f0a s\u00ed\u00f0ar, og \u00fea\u00f0 vefst ekkert fyrir okkur.<\/p>\n<p>Meginreglan er hins vegar s\u00fa a\u00f0 merking setningarli\u00f0a og heilla setninga s\u00e9 leidd af merkingu einstakra or\u00f0a. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed raun frumforsenda tungum\u00e1lsins, veldur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra \u00fea\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 \u00edmynda s\u00e9r hversu \u00f3yfirst\u00edganlegt vi\u00f0fangsefni \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri ef vi\u00f0 \u00feyrftum a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra merkingu allra setninga m\u00e1lsins s\u00e9rstaklega. En \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feetta s\u00e9 meginreglan eru samt \u00f3tal d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i setningarli\u00f0ir og heilu setningarnar hafi merkingu sem \u00fearf a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra s\u00e9rstaklega en er ekki a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti fyrirsegjanleg \u00fat fr\u00e1 merkingu einstakra or\u00f0a. \u00deetta eru einkum hvers kyns or\u00f0t\u00f6k og m\u00e1lsh\u00e6ttir, en einnig \u00fdmis f\u00f6st or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd af \u00f6\u00f0ru tagi. Eitt sl\u00edkt samband er <em>ekki \u00f3sjaldan<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Elsta <a href=\"https:\/\/ritmalssafn.arnastofnun.is\/daemi\/578548\">d\u00e6mi<\/a> um <em>ekki \u00f3sjaldan <\/em>\u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans er fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1800, og \u00e1 <em>t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> m\u00e1 finna h\u00e1tt \u00ed 2500 <a href=\"https:\/\/timarit.is\/?q=%22ekki+%C3%B3sjaldan%22&amp;size=100&amp;sort=date&amp;isAdvanced=false\">d\u00e6mi<\/a> um sambandi\u00f0 <em>ekki<\/em>\/<em>eigi \u00f3sjaldan<\/em>, allt fr\u00e1 mi\u00f0ri 19. \u00f6ld til dagsins \u00ed dag. Ekki er alltaf au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 merkingu d\u00e6manna, en \u00fe\u00f3 leikur enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed langflestum \u00feeirra merkir sambandi\u00f0 'alloft' en ekki 'sjaldan'. \u00deetta er \u00fev\u00ed grunnmerking sambandsins sem fr\u00e1leitt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 hafna. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 misskilja \u00fea\u00f0 \u2013 en sama gildir \u00fe\u00e1 um \u00f3tal or\u00f0t\u00f6k og m\u00e1lsh\u00e6tti sem ekki \u00e1 a\u00f0 t\u00falka b\u00f3kstaflega. Samhengi\u00f0 sker venjulega \u00far um merkinguna.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stundum er amast vi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sambandi\u00f0 ekki \u00f3sjaldan s\u00e9 l\u00e1ti\u00f0 merkja 'alloft' eins og \u00fea\u00f0 gerir oftastn\u00e6r. M\u00f6rgum finnst \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00f3\u2011 s\u00e9 neitunarforskeyti og \u00f3sjaldan merki 'oft' \u2013 ekki \u00f3sjaldan hlj\u00f3ti \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 merkja 'sjaldan', \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 neitanirnar, ekki og \u00f3\u2011, vegi hvor a\u00f0ra upp. En \u00fea\u00f0 er reyndar alls ekki [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635,158638],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar","category-malvillur"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3394","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3394"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3394\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7622,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3394\/revisions\/7622"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3394"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3394"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3394"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}