{"id":3404,"date":"2020-12-15T08:00:51","date_gmt":"2020-12-15T08:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3404"},"modified":"2023-09-08T10:24:29","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T10:24:29","slug":"sagnasamsetningar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2020\/12\/15\/sagnasamsetningar\/","title":{"rendered":"Sagnasamsetningar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r s\u00e1 \u00e9g \u00e1 vef Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0sins <\/em>fyrirs\u00f6gnina<\/a> \u201eFrelsissviptur, laminn og r\u00e6ndur\u201c, og fyrir helgi s\u00e1 \u00e9g \u00ed fr\u00e9tt \u00ed DV setninguna<\/a> \u201e\u00cd g\u00e6r nafnbirti Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feennan mann\u201c. \u00dearna eru tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi um samsettar sagnir sem hafa veri\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 \u00e1berandi \u00ed m\u00e1linu a\u00f0 undanf\u00f6rnu, ekki s\u00edst \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um hvers kyns l\u00f6greglum\u00e1l. Auk frelsissvipta <\/em>og nafnbirta<\/em> m\u00e1 nefna haldleggja,<\/em> \u00f6kuleyfissvipta<\/em>,\u00a0myndbirta<\/em> og \u00f6rugglega fleiri. Samsettar sagnir af \u00feessu tagi, me\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0 sem fyrri li\u00f0, eru ekki \u00fdkja margar \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00fe\u00f3tt sumar eigi s\u00e9r vissulega hef\u00f0. Finna m\u00e1 nokkurra \u00e1ratuga g\u00f6mul d\u00e6mi um flestar \u00feessara sagna en notkun \u00feeirra vir\u00f0ist hafa aukist mj\u00f6g \u00e1 allra s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1rum og einhverjar b\u00e6st vi\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Til skamms t\u00edma hef\u00f0i fremur veri\u00f0 sagt ma\u00f0urinn <\/em>svipti<\/em><\/strong> hana <\/em>frelsi<\/em><\/strong> en ma\u00f0urinn <\/em>frelsissvipti <\/em><\/strong>hana<\/em>, fremur l\u00f6greglan <\/em>lag\u00f0i hald<\/em><\/strong> \u00e1 efni\u00f0 <\/em>en l\u00f6greglan <\/em>haldlag\u00f0i<\/em><\/strong> efni\u00f0<\/em>, fremur bla\u00f0i\u00f0 <\/em>birti mynd<\/em><\/strong> af honum<\/em> en bla\u00f0i\u00f0 <\/em>myndbirti<\/em><\/strong> hann<\/em>, fremur bla\u00f0i\u00f0 <\/em>birti nafn<\/em><\/strong> hennar<\/em> en bla\u00f0i\u00f0 <\/em>nafnbirti<\/em><\/strong> hana<\/em>. \u00dearna er andlag sagnarinnar (beint andlag ef h\u00fan hefur tv\u00f6, eins og svipta<\/em>) gert a\u00f0 fyrri li\u00f0 samsettrar sagnar. Samsetta s\u00f6gnin f\u00e6r svo n\u00fdtt andlag sem getur haft mismunandi uppruna \u2013 \u00ed forsetningarli\u00f0 eins og me\u00f0 haldleggja<\/em> og myndbirta<\/em>, sem eignarfallseinkunn eins og me\u00f0 nafnbirta<\/em>, og e.t.v. kemur fleira til greina. N\u00fdja andlagi\u00f0 f\u00e6r \u00feolfall, a.m.k. \u00ed \u00feessum d\u00e6mum, \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hva\u00f0a fall \u00fea\u00f0 haf\u00f0i \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0u sinni me\u00f0 \u00f3samsettri s\u00f6gn.<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00f6llum \u00feessum tilvikum eru til samsett nafnor\u00f0 me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeytinu -ing<\/em> sem samsvara s\u00f6gnunum \u2013 frelsissvipting<\/em>, haldlagning<\/em>, myndbirting<\/em>, nafnbirting<\/em>. Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -ing<\/em> gegnir \u00fev\u00ed hlutverki a\u00f0 mynda verkna\u00f0arnafnor\u00f0 af s\u00f6gnum \u2013 svipting <\/em>er '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 svipta', lagning<\/em> er '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 leggja', birting<\/em> er '\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 birta' o.s.frv. \u00deegar or\u00f0 me\u00f0 -ing<\/em> eru samsett kemur tvennt til. Anna\u00f0hvort er -ing<\/em>-nafnor\u00f0 mynda\u00f0 fyrst af s\u00f6gninni og \u00f6\u00f0rum li\u00f0 svo b\u00e6tt framan \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 (birta<\/em>+ing<\/em> > birting<\/em>, nafn+birting <\/em>> nafnbirting<\/em>), e\u00f0a samsetta s\u00f6gnin er myndu\u00f0 fyrst og s\u00ed\u00f0an mynda\u00f0 verkna\u00f0arnafnor\u00f0 af henni me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skeyta vi\u00f0 hana -ing <\/em>(nafn<\/em>+birta<\/em> > nafnbirta<\/em>, nafnbirta<\/em>+ing > nafnbirting<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Ef marka m\u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is <\/em>eru flest e\u00f0a \u00f6ll samsettu -ing<\/em>-or\u00f0in eldri en samsettu sagnirnar \u2013 \u00ed m\u00f6rgum tilvikum t\u00f6luvert eldri. \u00dea\u00f0 bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 fyrri m\u00f6guleikinn h\u00e9r \u00e1 undan s\u00e9 s\u00e1 r\u00e9tti. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00ed sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r vi\u00f0b\u00fai\u00f0 \u2013 samsett nafnor\u00f0 af \u00feessu tagi eru algeng \u00ed m\u00e1linu og eiga s\u00e9r langa hef\u00f0 en samsettar sagnir sjaldg\u00e6far. En \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir aftur a\u00f0 samsettu sagnirnar eru mynda\u00f0ar af samsettu nafnor\u00f0unum en ekki \u00f6fugt. \u00deetta er \u00ed raun og veru mj\u00f6g \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 ni\u00f0ursta\u00f0a vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fearna er hef\u00f0bundnu or\u00f0myndunarferli sn\u00fai\u00f0 vi\u00f0. M\u00e1lnotendur vita a\u00f0 -ing<\/em>-nafnor\u00f0i samsvarar venjulega s\u00f6gn og b\u00faa hana til \u00fat fr\u00e1 nafnor\u00f0inu me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 draga -ing<\/em> fr\u00e1 (nafnbirting<\/em>\u00f7ing<\/em> > nafnbirta<\/em>) \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 -ing<\/em>-nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 s\u00e9 mynda\u00f0 af s\u00f6gn eins og venja er.<\/p>\n

Sl\u00edk \u201e\u00f6fug\u201c or\u00f0myndun er svo sem ekki einsd\u00e6mi \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 sjaldg\u00e6f. S\u00f6gnin j\u00f3laskreyta<\/em> er t.d. meira en h\u00e1lfrar aldar g\u00f6mul og sennilega myndu\u00f0 af nafnor\u00f0inu j\u00f3laskraut<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt vissulega s\u00e9 hugsanlegt a\u00f0 s\u00f6gnin skreyta<\/em> s\u00e9 tekin og j\u00f3la-<\/em> b\u00e6tt framan vi\u00f0 til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna um hvers konar skreytingu er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a. En fj\u00f6lgun og aukin notkun sagna af \u00feessu tagi g\u00e6ti bent til \u00feess a\u00f0 tilfinning m\u00e1lnotenda fyrir e\u00f0li og ger\u00f0 \u00edslenskra sagna s\u00e9 eitthva\u00f0 a\u00f0 breytast. \u00deessar sagnir trufla mig ekki s\u00e9rstaklega, og h\u00e9r m\u00e1 hafa \u00ed huga a\u00f0 oft er tala\u00f0 um a\u00f0 \u00edslenska s\u00e9 sagnam\u00e1l<\/a> fremur en nafnor\u00f0a, og betra s\u00e9 a\u00f0 nota f\u00e6rri or\u00f0 en fleiri. \u00deessar sagnir b\u00e6\u00f0i stytta setningar og f\u00e6kka nafnor\u00f0um \u00ed \u00feeim. F\u00f3lk getur svo haft misjafnar sko\u00f0anir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvort \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 n\u00e6g r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ting fyrir \u00feessari n\u00fdbreytni.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00cd g\u00e6r s\u00e1 \u00e9g \u00e1 vef Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0sins fyrirs\u00f6gnina \u201eFrelsissviptur, laminn og r\u00e6ndur\u201c, og fyrir helgi s\u00e1 \u00e9g \u00ed fr\u00e9tt \u00ed DV setninguna \u201e\u00cd g\u00e6r nafnbirti Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feennan mann\u201c. \u00dearna eru tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi um samsettar sagnir sem hafa veri\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 \u00e1berandi \u00ed m\u00e1linu a\u00f0 undanf\u00f6rnu, ekki s\u00edst \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u um hvers kyns l\u00f6greglum\u00e1l. Auk frelsissvipta og […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3404"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5442,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3404\/revisions\/5442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}