{"id":3539,"date":"2021-01-25T13:22:30","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T13:22:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3539"},"modified":"2021-01-25T13:56:06","modified_gmt":"2021-01-25T13:56:06","slug":"eintala-og-fleirtala-i-samsetningum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/01\/25\/eintala-og-fleirtala-i-samsetningum\/","title":{"rendered":"Eintala og fleirtala \u00ed samsetningum"},"content":{"rendered":"

Oft finnst f\u00f3lki r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt a\u00f0 tala fyrri li\u00f0ar \u00ed samsettum or\u00f0um endurspegli merkingu or\u00f0anna. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum<\/em> segir<\/a> t.d.: \u201eRita\u00f0 er m\u00e1na\u00f0am\u00f3t<\/strong> en ekki \u201em\u00e1na\u00f0arm\u00f3t\u201c. Fyrri hluti or\u00f0sins er \u00ed eignarfalli fleirt\u00f6lu en ekki eint\u00f6lu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a tvo m\u00e1nu\u00f0i sem m\u00e6tast vi\u00f0 lok annars og upphaf hins, sbr. or\u00f0i\u00f0 aldam\u00f3t<\/em>.\u201c M\u00e9r finnst e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 halda sig vi\u00f0 myndina m\u00e1na\u00f0am\u00f3t<\/em>, en \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 vissulega r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 \u00fear m\u00e6tist tveir m\u00e1nu\u00f0ir lei\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 ekki sj\u00e1lfkrafa til \u00feess a\u00f0 fyrri li\u00f0ur or\u00f0sins eigi a\u00f0 vera \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu. Elstu d\u00e6mi um m\u00e1na\u00f0arm\u00f3t<\/em> \u00e1 t\u00edmarit.is<\/em> eru n\u00e6stum jafng\u00f6mul og elstu d\u00e6mi um m\u00e1na\u00f0am\u00f3t<\/em>, og fj\u00f6ldi d\u00e6ma um fyrrnefndu myndina s\u00fdnir a\u00f0 mj\u00f6g margir m\u00e1lnotendur hafa ekki sterka tilfinningu fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fearna eigi a\u00f0 vera fleirtala.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi \u00fear sem tala fyrri li\u00f0ar er \u201e\u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c. \u00deetta er l\u00edklega mest \u00e1berandi \u00feegar fyrri li\u00f0urinn er veikt kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem endar \u00e1 -a<\/em> e\u00f0a -na<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 \u00fe\u00e1 er i\u00f0ulega nota\u00f0 eignarfall eint\u00f6lu \u00fear sem fleirtalan v\u00e6ri \u201er\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c. \u00deetta eru or\u00f0 eins og r\u00e6kjusamloka<\/em>, gr\u00e1f\u00edkjukaka<\/em>, perutr\u00e9<\/em> og m\u00f6rg fleiri. \u00dea\u00f0 er v\u00e6ntanlega \u00f3h\u00e6tt a\u00f0 gera r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 fleiri en ein r\u00e6kja \u00ed samlokunni, fleiri en ein gr\u00e1f\u00edkja \u00ed k\u00f6kunni og fleiri en ein pera \u00e1 tr\u00e9nu, og \u00fev\u00ed v\u00e6ri merkingarlega e\u00f0lilegra a\u00f0 hafa \u00fearna eignarfall fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 *r\u00e6knasamloka<\/em>, *gr\u00e1f\u00edknakaka<\/em>, *peratr\u00e9<\/em>. Eint\u00f6lumyndin er samt notu\u00f0 \u00ed sta\u00f0inn, l\u00edklega vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 m\u00e1lnotendum finnst \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt a\u00f0 nota mynd sem er eins og nefnifall eint\u00f6lu (pera<\/em>) e\u00f0a eru \u00ed vafa um fallmyndina (r\u00e6kja<\/em> e\u00f0a r\u00e6kna<\/em>).<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 eru l\u00edka \u00fdmis d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 nota\u00f0 s\u00e9 eignarfall fleirt\u00f6lu \u00fear sem eintalan g\u00e6ti virst \u201er\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c. Vi\u00f0 bor\u00f0um nautalund<\/em> og lambal\u00e6ri<\/em> \u2013 engum dettur \u00ed hug a\u00f0 tala um *nautslund<\/em> e\u00f0a *lambsl\u00e6ri<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt enginn vafi s\u00e9 \u00e1 a\u00f0 lundin s\u00e9 \u00far einum nautgrip og l\u00e6ri\u00f0 af einu lambi. Vi\u00f0 segjumst vera \u00ed b\u00edlakaupum<\/em> en ekki *b\u00edlskaupum<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 s\u00e9um bara a\u00f0 kaupa einn b\u00edl, og vi\u00f0 t\u00f6lum um myndaramma<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt a\u00f0eins ein mynd s\u00e9 \u00ed sama ramma. \u00c1 hverjum lj\u00f3sastaur <\/em>er venjulega bara eitt lj\u00f3s, bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur <\/em>vinnur yfirleitt bara \u00e1 einu bla\u00f0i \u00ed senn, lagasmi\u00f0ur<\/em> \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 hafa sami\u00f0 nema eitt lag, og tala\u00f0 er um lj\u00f3\u00f0alestur <\/em>hvort sem lesi\u00f0 er eitt lj\u00f3\u00f0 e\u00f0a fleiri. \u00de\u00f3tt fyrri li\u00f0ur or\u00f0anna n\u00fdrnagjafi<\/em>, n\u00fdrna\u00feegi<\/em> og n\u00fdrna\u00edgr\u00e6\u00f0sla<\/em> s\u00e9 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu er venjulega bara um eitt n\u00fdra a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, og svo m\u00e6tti lengi telja.<\/p>\n

\u00cd st\u00f6ku tilvikum er l\u00edka notu\u00f0 \u00f6nnur tala en b\u00faast m\u00e6tti vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki s\u00e9 um samsett or\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a, heldur or\u00f0asamband sem myndar merkingarlega heild og er eins konar \u00edgildi samsetts or\u00f0s \u00ed huga m\u00e1lnotenda. \u00deetta eru d\u00e6mi eins og \u00feriggja stj\u00f6<\/strong>rnu<\/strong> h\u00f3tel<\/em>, 36 peru<\/strong> lj\u00f3sabekkur <\/em>o.fl.\u00a0Talan sem kemur \u00e1 undan gerir \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 t\u00f6lut\u00e1knun \u00e1 nafnor\u00f0inu er \u00f3\u00fe\u00f6rf og tala \u00feess n\u00fallast \u00fat, ef svo m\u00e1 segja. \u00de\u00f3tt myndirnar stj\u00f6rnu<\/em> og peru<\/em> s\u00e9u formlega s\u00e9\u00f0 eintala hafa \u00fe\u00e6r ekki eint\u00f6lumerkingu \u00ed \u00feessum or\u00f0um, heldur eru hlutlausar og teknar fram yfir fleirt\u00f6lumyndirnar vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r fara betur. \u00de\u00f3tt tala fyrri li\u00f0ar \u00ed samsettum or\u00f0um geti vissulega haft merkingarlegt gildi er algengt a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9 ekki, heldur notu\u00f0 s\u00fa mynd sem fer betur, t.d. af hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

Oft vir\u00f0ist l\u00edka vera hrein hending hvort eint\u00f6lu- e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lumynd er notu\u00f0 \u00ed samsetningum. \u00deannig er \u00fea\u00f0 t.d. \u00feegar vi\u00f0skeytinu -legur<\/em> er b\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 nafnor\u00f0i\u00f0 barn<\/em> til a\u00f0 mynda l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 nota b\u00e6\u00f0i eignarfall eint\u00f6lu og eignarfall fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum b\u00e6\u00f0i barnslegur<\/em> og barnalegur<\/em>. En \u00feau or\u00f0 merkja ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sama. \u00cd \u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> er fyrrnefnda<\/a> or\u00f0i\u00f0 sk\u00fdrt 'einl\u00e6gur og saklaus eins og barn' en \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda<\/a> 'einfaldur, einfeldningslegur' e\u00f0a 'sem l\u00edkist barni \u00ed \u00fatliti, unglegur'. \u00dea\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 engin lei\u00f0 a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9u einhverjar merkingarlegar \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ur fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nota eignarfall eint\u00f6lu \u00ed fyrra or\u00f0inu en eignarfall fleirt\u00f6lu \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ara. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum einfaldlega a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra merkingu hvors or\u00f0s fyrir sig \u2013 getum ekki lesi\u00f0 hana a\u00f0 fullu \u00fat \u00far ger\u00f0 samsetningarinnar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Oft finnst f\u00f3lki r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt a\u00f0 tala fyrri li\u00f0ar \u00ed samsettum or\u00f0um endurspegli merkingu or\u00f0anna. \u00cd M\u00e1lfarsbankanum segir t.d.: \u201eRita\u00f0 er m\u00e1na\u00f0am\u00f3t en ekki \u201em\u00e1na\u00f0arm\u00f3t\u201c. Fyrri hluti or\u00f0sins er \u00ed eignarfalli fleirt\u00f6lu en ekki eint\u00f6lu vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a tvo m\u00e1nu\u00f0i sem m\u00e6tast vi\u00f0 lok annars og upphaf hins, sbr. or\u00f0i\u00f0 aldam\u00f3t.\u201c M\u00e9r […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3539","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3539","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3539"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3539\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3545,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3539\/revisions\/3545"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3539"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3539"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3539"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}