{"id":3551,"date":"2021-01-27T08:00:28","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T08:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3551"},"modified":"2021-01-28T12:55:27","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T12:55:27","slug":"gerdir-samsettra-orda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/01\/27\/gerdir-samsettra-orda\/","title":{"rendered":"Ger\u00f0ir samsettra or\u00f0a"},"content":{"rendered":"

Formleg tengsl li\u00f0a \u00ed samsettum or\u00f0um eru einkum me\u00f0 tvennu m\u00f3ti. Algengast er a\u00f0 or\u00f0 s\u00e9u anna\u00f0hvort fast samsett<\/strong> (stofnsamsett), \u00fear sem fyrri li\u00f0urinn er stofn or\u00f0sins, \u00e1n beygingarendingar, t.d. snj\u00f3+h\u00fas<\/em>, vit+laus<\/em>, b\u00f3k<\/em>\u00ad+hneig\u00f0ur<\/em>; e\u00f0a laust samsett<\/strong> (eignarfallssamsett), \u00fear sem fyrri li\u00f0urinn er eignarfallsmynd or\u00f0sins \u00ed eint\u00f6lu e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu, t.d. jar\u00f0-ar<\/strong>+ver\u00f0<\/em>, sj\u00fak-ra<\/strong>+h\u00fas<\/em>, dag-s<\/strong>+verk<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist oft vera tilviljun hvor \u00feessara a\u00f0fer\u00f0a er notu\u00f0, og jafnvel eru til tv\u00edmyndir sem geta haft mismunandi merkingu<\/a>, eins og f\u00e9hir\u00f0ir<\/em> og fj\u00e1rhir\u00f0ir<\/em>.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3 vir\u00f0ist oft vera leitast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast a\u00f0 langir samhlj\u00f3\u00f0a\u00adklasar komi fram \u00e1 skilunum og \u00fea\u00f0 fer eftir ger\u00f0 stofns og endingar fyrri hlutans hvor a\u00f0fer\u00f0in hentar betur til \u00feess. \u00deannig er fasta samsetningin st\u00f3l+f\u00f3tur\u00a0<\/em>liprari en lausa samsetn\u00adingin *st\u00f3l-<\/em>s<\/em><\/strong>+f\u00f3tur\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e6ri, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0\u00a0\u2011lf\u2011<\/em>\u00a0er \u00fe\u00e6gilegri klasi en\u00a0\u2011lsf\u2011<\/em>. Hins vegar er fasta samsetningin jar\u00f0-<\/em>ar<\/em><\/strong>+ver\u00f0<\/em>\u00a0liprari en *jar\u00f0+ver\u00f0<\/em>, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0\u00a0\u2011r\u00f0v\u2011<\/em>\u00a0er \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gilegur klasi. Innskot endinganna\u00a0-a<\/em>\u00a0og -ar<\/em>\u00a0sem innihalda s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0 hefur l\u00edka \u00e1hrif \u00e1 atkv\u00e6\u00f0afj\u00f6lda og hrynjandi sem getur skipt m\u00e1li.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt ending eignarfalls eint\u00f6lu e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu s\u00e9 vissulega n\u00fdtt til a\u00f0 tengja samsetningarli\u00f0i er \u00ed raun h\u00e6pi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 fyrri li\u00f0ur samsetningarinnar s\u00e9 \u00ed eignarfalli. Eignarfallsendingin hefur sem s\u00e9 ekki s\u00f6mu merkingu og hlutverk \u00ed samsetta or\u00f0inu og \u00ed or\u00f0inu sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0u, heldur \u00fej\u00f3nar \u00feeim tilgangi a\u00f0 merkja skilin og vera bindiefni milli li\u00f0anna, auk \u00feess sem h\u00fan br\u00fdtur oft upp erfi\u00f0a samhlj\u00f3\u00f0aklasa eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir. \u00deetta m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00fdmsu.<\/p>\n

Eitt er \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 stundum f\u00e1 or\u00f0 a\u00f0ra endingu \u00ed samsetningum en ein s\u00e9r. \u00deetta er t.d. algengt \u00ed f\u00f6\u00f0urn\u00f6fnum \u00fear sem f\u00f3lk er Gu\u00f0munds<\/strong>son<\/em> og Gu\u00f0munds<\/strong>d\u00f3ttir<\/em> \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00e6vinlega s\u00e9 sagt til Gu\u00f0mundar<\/strong><\/em>. Anna\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00fdmist er notu\u00f0 ending eignarfalls eint\u00f6lu e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 vali\u00f0 \u00fear \u00e1 milli hafi merkingarlegt gildi<\/a>, sbr. d\u00e6mi eins og r\u00e6kjusamloka<\/em> og perutr\u00e9<\/em> annars vegar en nautalund<\/em> og lambal\u00e6ri<\/em> hins vegar. \u00cd sumum tilvikum koma l\u00edka \u00e1 skilunum hlj\u00f3\u00f0 sem ekki geta veri\u00f0 eignarfallsending.<\/p>\n

\u00deannig er t.d. \u00ed samsetningum me\u00f0 rusl<\/em> sem er hvorugkynsor\u00f0 sem endar \u00e1 -s<\/em> \u00ed eignarfalli eint\u00f6lu, en er ekki nota\u00f0 \u00ed fleirt\u00f6lu \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er aldrei tala\u00f0 um *m\u00f6rg rusl<\/em> heldur miki\u00f0 rusl<\/em>. \u00dev\u00ed g\u00e6ti ma\u00f0ur b\u00faist vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00ed samsetningum v\u00e6ri anna\u00f0hvort nota\u00f0ur stofninn e\u00f0a eignarfall eint\u00f6lu. En hvorki *ruslfata<\/em> n\u00e9 *ruslsfata<\/em> eru venjulegar samsetningar, heldur rusla<\/strong>fata<\/em> \u00fear sem eitthvert a<\/em> kemur inn \u00e1 milli samsetningarli\u00f0anna, og sama m\u00e1li gegnir um a\u00f0rar samsetningar \u2013 ruslakarfa<\/em>, \u00a0ruslatunna<\/em>, ruslahaugur <\/em>o.s.frv.<\/p>\n

\u00dearna ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 l\u00edta svo \u00e1 a\u00f0 a<\/em> s\u00e9 stungi\u00f0 inn til a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast erfi\u00f0a samhlj\u00f3\u00f0aklasa. \u00deetta er kalla\u00f0 tengihlj\u00f3\u00f0ssamsetning<\/strong> e\u00f0a bandstafssamsetning<\/strong>. Tengihlj\u00f3\u00f0i\u00f0 er venjulega eitthvert s\u00e9rhlj\u00f3\u00f0anna a<\/em>, i<\/em> e\u00f0a u<\/em> \u2013 ruslafa<\/strong>ta<\/em>, eldi<\/strong>vi\u00f0ur<\/em>, r\u00e1\u00f0u<\/strong>nautur<\/em>. \u00deessi tegund samsetningar er ekki mj\u00f6g algeng \u00ed formlegu m\u00e1li, en \u00ed \u00f3formlegri or\u00f0myndun, ekki s\u00edst hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum<\/a>, er h\u00fan hins vegar algeng \u2013 d\u00f3ta<\/strong>b\u00fa\u00f0<\/em>, stoppi<\/strong>st\u00f6\u00f0<\/em>, hoppu<\/strong>kastali<\/em> o.s.frv.<\/p>\n

Sum kvenkynsor\u00f0 sem enda \u00e1\u00a0-i<\/em>\u00a0eru eins \u00ed \u00f6llum f\u00f6llum og \u00ed samsetningum er \u00fe\u00e1 algengt a\u00f0 skoti\u00f0 s\u00e9 inn\u00a0-s<\/em>\u00a0\u00e1 skilunum enda \u00fe\u00f3tt fyrri li\u00f0urinn hafi aldrei\u00a0\u2011s<\/em>\u2011endingu einn s\u00e9r; l<\/em>eikfimis<\/strong>h\u00fas<\/em>, k<\/em>eppnis<\/strong><\/em>ma\u00f0ur<\/em>, l<\/em>andhelgis<\/strong>g\u00e6sla<\/em>,\u00a0athyglis<\/strong>ver\u00f0ur\u00a0<\/em>o.fl. Oft er amast vi\u00f0 \u00feessu \u00e1 \u00feeim forsendum a\u00f0 \u00fearna s\u00e9 notu\u00f0 r\u00f6ng beygingarmynd, og reynt a\u00f0 nota\u00a0leikfimih\u00fas\u00a0<\/em>og\u00a0athygliver\u00f0ur<\/em> \u00ed sta\u00f0inn \u2013 en t\u00e6past keppnima\u00f0ur <\/em>e\u00f0a *landhelgig\u00e6sla<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Or\u00f0i\u00f0\u00a0athygli<\/em>\u00a0var reyndar \u00e1\u00f0ur ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur hvorugkyns en kvenkyns og\u00a0athyglis<\/em>\u00a0er r\u00e9tt eignarfall af hvorugkynsor\u00f0i \u00feannig a\u00f0\u00a0athyglisver\u00f0ur<\/em>\u00a0er r\u00e9tt mynda\u00f0 or\u00f0. En hin or\u00f0in eru \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edka \u2013 \u00feau eru myndu\u00f0 me\u00f0 bindiefni eins og \u00feau or\u00f0 sem k\u00f6llu\u00f0 eru eignarfallssamsett. Bindiefni\u00f0 er vissulega ekki fengi\u00f0 \u00far venjulegri eignarfallsendingu or\u00f0anna en \u00feannig er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki heldur \u00ed or\u00f0um eins og\u00a0ruslafata<\/em>,\u00a0eldivi\u00f0ur<\/em>,\u00a0r\u00e1\u00f0unautur<\/em>\u00a0og \u00f6\u00f0rum fullgildum og vi\u00f0urkenndum or\u00f0um. \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 vel kalla\u00a0s<\/em>\u00a0tengihlj\u00f3\u00f0 e\u00f0a bandstaf \u00ed \u00feessum or\u00f0um.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Formleg tengsl li\u00f0a \u00ed samsettum or\u00f0um eru einkum me\u00f0 tvennu m\u00f3ti. Algengast er a\u00f0 or\u00f0 s\u00e9u anna\u00f0hvort fast samsett (stofnsamsett), \u00fear sem fyrri li\u00f0urinn er stofn or\u00f0sins, \u00e1n beygingarendingar, t.d. snj\u00f3+h\u00fas, vit+laus, b\u00f3k\u00ad+hneig\u00f0ur; e\u00f0a laust samsett (eignarfallssamsett), \u00fear sem fyrri li\u00f0urinn er eignarfallsmynd or\u00f0sins \u00ed eint\u00f6lu e\u00f0a fleirt\u00f6lu, t.d. jar\u00f0-ar+ver\u00f0, sj\u00fak-ra+h\u00fas, dag-s+verk. \u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist oft […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3551"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3557,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3551\/revisions\/3557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}