{"id":3561,"date":"2021-01-29T08:00:22","date_gmt":"2021-01-29T08:00:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3561"},"modified":"2021-01-28T16:14:29","modified_gmt":"2021-01-28T16:14:29","slug":"merking-ordhluta-og-orda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/01\/29\/merking-ordhluta-og-orda\/","title":{"rendered":"Merking or\u00f0hluta og or\u00f0a"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00fd or\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mynda \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt \u00far \u00edslensku hr\u00e1efni. Ein helsta lei\u00f0in er a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta forskeytum e\u00f0a vi\u00f0skeytum vi\u00f0 r\u00e6tur e\u00f0a or\u00f0 sem fyrir eru \u00ed m\u00e1linu og mynda \u00feannig afleidd or\u00f0. En \u00fe\u00f3tt fj\u00f6ldi forskeyta og vi\u00f0skeyta s\u00e9 til \u00ed m\u00e1linu er a\u00f0eins hluti \u00feeirra noth\u00e6fur \u00ed virkri or\u00f0myndun. \u00dea\u00f0 eru \u00feau sem hafa tilt\u00f6lulega fasta og afmarka\u00f0a merkingu \u00ed huga f\u00f3lks. Af vi\u00f0skeytum eru \u00fea\u00f0 t.d. -leg<\/em>-ur<\/em>, -un<\/em>, -ar<\/em>-i<\/em> (-ur<\/em> \u00ed -leg-ur<\/em> og -i<\/em> \u00ed -ar-i<\/em> eru strangt teki\u00f0 beygingarendingar en ekki hluti vi\u00f0skeytanna). \u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 X+legur<\/em> merki \u2018sem l\u00edkist X, minnir \u00e1 X, tengist X\u2019 (kj\u00e1nalegur<\/em> er \u2018s\u00e1 sem l\u00edkist e\u00f0a minnir \u00e1 kj\u00e1na<\/em>\u2019, t\u00e6knilegur<\/em> er \u2018sem tengist t\u00e6kni<\/em>\u2019), X+un<\/em> merkir \u2018\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera X\u2019 (k\u00f6nnun<\/em> er \u2018\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 kanna<\/em>\u2019), og X+ari<\/em> merkir \u2018sem gerir X\u2019 (\u2018kennari<\/em> er s\u00e1 sem kennir<\/em>\u2019).<\/p>\n

\u00deegar vi\u00f0 heyrum e\u00f0a sj\u00e1um n\u00fdtt or\u00f0 sem er mynda\u00f0 me\u00f0 einhverju framantalinna vi\u00f0skeyta er \u00fea\u00f0 venjulega gagns\u00e6tt \u2013 vi\u00f0 skiljum um lei\u00f0 vi\u00f0 hva\u00f0 er \u00e1tt, vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feekkjum or\u00f0hlutana og vitum hva\u00f0 \u00feeir merkja, hver um sig. Vissulega geta or\u00f0in stundum veri\u00f0 tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0, en samhengi\u00f0 sker \u00fe\u00e1 venjulega \u00far. Or\u00f0 eins og prentari<\/em> v\u00edsa\u00f0i til skamms t\u00edma til manns sem tilheyr\u00f0i \u00e1kve\u00f0inni starfsgrein sem n\u00fa er \u00farelt en or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feess \u00ed sta\u00f0 nota\u00f0 um t\u00e6ki. Hvort sem heldur er fellur \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 framangreindri reglu og merkir \u2018s\u00e1 sem prentar\u2019, og v\u00e6ntanlega er venjulega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a af samhenginu hvort um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a mann e\u00f0a t\u00e6ki.<\/p>\n

M\u00f6rg vi\u00f0skeyti hafa hins vegar svo \u00f3lj\u00f3sa merkingu \u00ed huga n\u00fat\u00edmaf\u00f3lks a\u00f0 \u00feau eru \u00f3noth\u00e6f \u00ed virkri or\u00f0myndun<\/a> almennra m\u00e1lnotenda. \u00deetta eru vi\u00f0skeyti eins og t.d. -ald<\/em> (m.a. \u00ed kafald<\/em>, folald<\/em>), -erni<\/em> (m.a. \u00ed \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erni<\/em>, v\u00ed\u00f0erni<\/em>), -u\u00f0-ur<\/em> (m.a. \u00ed s\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur<\/em>, f\u00f6gnu\u00f0ur<\/em>) og \u00fdmis fleiri. \u00dea\u00f0 er vissulega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mynda n\u00fd or\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feessum vi\u00f0skeytum, og \u00fea\u00f0 er i\u00f0ulega gert \u00ed l\u00e6r\u00f0ri or\u00f0myndun<\/a>. Or\u00f0anefnd Sk\u00fdrslut\u00e6knif\u00e9lags \u00cdslands nota\u00f0i t.d. -ald<\/em> til a\u00f0 sm\u00ed\u00f0a or\u00f0in m\u00f3tald<\/a><\/em> og pakkald<\/a><\/em> fyrir f\u00e1um \u00e1ratugum og \u00feau er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed T\u00f6lvuor\u00f0asafni<\/a><\/em>. En vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra merkingu \u00feeirra s\u00e9rstaklega \u2013 h\u00fan er ekki auglj\u00f3s \u00fat fr\u00e1 merkingu or\u00f0hlutanna vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u2013ald<\/em> hefur enga afmarka\u00f0a merkingu \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. Sama m\u00e1li gegnir um fj\u00f6lda annarra vi\u00f0skeyta.<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0skeytin sem n\u00fa eru \u00f3gagns\u00e6 og hafa enga sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0a merkingu hafa m\u00f6rg hver veri\u00f0 gagns\u00e6 og virk til n\u00fdmyndunar \u00e1 fyrri stigum m\u00e1lsins, jafnvel fyrir daga \u00edslenskunnar. En \u00feegar or\u00f0 hefur einu sinni veri\u00f0 b\u00fai\u00f0 til og kemst \u00ed notkun fer \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 lifa sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0u l\u00edfi, meira og minna \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 einingunum sem \u00fea\u00f0 er sm\u00ed\u00f0a\u00f0 \u00far \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 h\u00e6ttir a\u00f0 vera einhvers konar summa af merkingu \u00feeirra. Vi\u00f0 getum tengt or\u00f0 eins og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0erni<\/em> vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0<\/em> \u2013 en hva\u00f0 merkir -erni<\/em>? Hefur \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00f6mu merkingu og \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0erni<\/em>, br\u00f3\u00f0erni<\/em>, l\u00edferni<\/em> og salerni<\/em>? \u00dea\u00f0 er erfitt a\u00f0 halda \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 svo s\u00e9 \u2013 -erni <\/em>vir\u00f0ist ekki hafa neinn sameiginlegan merkingar\u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00feessum or\u00f0um. Vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rum merkingu or\u00f0anna \u00ed heild, hvers fyrir sig, \u00e1n stu\u00f0nings af \u00f6\u00f0rum or\u00f0um me\u00f0 sama vi\u00f0skeyti.<\/p>\n

En sama gerist l\u00edka, \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00ed minna m\u00e6li s\u00e9, me\u00f0 vi\u00f0skeyti sem hafa tilt\u00f6lulega fasta og afmarka\u00f0a merkingu \u00ed n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1li. Or\u00f0 myndu\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feeim breyta stundum a\u00f0 einhverju leyti tengslunum vi\u00f0 upprunann e\u00f0a rj\u00fafa \u00feau. \u00deetta getur meira a\u00f0 segja gerst me\u00f0 algengasta og virkasta vi\u00f0skeyti m\u00e1lsins, -leg-ur<\/em> \u2013 hva\u00f0 er t.d. fal-<\/em> \u00ed fallegur<\/em>, l\u00e9-<\/em> \u00ed l\u00e9legur<\/em>, e\u00f0a m\u00f6gu<\/em>- \u00ed m\u00f6gulegur<\/em>? Vi\u00f0skeyti\u00f0 -ing<\/em> er algengt til a\u00f0 mynda verkna\u00f0arnafnor\u00f0 af s\u00f6gnum \u2013 teikning<\/em> er \u2018\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 teikna<\/em>\u2019, kynning<\/em> er \u2018\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 kynna<\/em>\u2019, \u00e6fing <\/em>er \u2018\u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e6fa<\/em>\u2019. En i\u00f0ulega f\u00e6rist merkingin fr\u00e1 verkna\u00f0inum yfir \u00e1 afur\u00f0 hans e\u00f0a \u00fatkomu. \u00de\u00f3tt vi\u00f0 getum sagt teikning myndarinnar t\u00f3k langan t\u00edma<\/em> \u00fear sem teikning<\/em> v\u00edsar til verkna\u00f0arins er miklu algengara a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 um myndina sem teiknu\u00f0 var \u2013 \u00feetta er v\u00f6ndu\u00f0 teikning<\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00fd or\u00f0 er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 mynda \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt \u00far \u00edslensku hr\u00e1efni. Ein helsta lei\u00f0in er a\u00f0 b\u00e6ta forskeytum e\u00f0a vi\u00f0skeytum vi\u00f0 r\u00e6tur e\u00f0a or\u00f0 sem fyrir eru \u00ed m\u00e1linu og mynda \u00feannig afleidd or\u00f0. En \u00fe\u00f3tt fj\u00f6ldi forskeyta og vi\u00f0skeyta s\u00e9 til \u00ed m\u00e1linu er a\u00f0eins hluti \u00feeirra noth\u00e6fur \u00ed virkri or\u00f0myndun. \u00dea\u00f0 eru […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3561","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3561","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3561"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3561\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3564,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3561\/revisions\/3564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3561"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3561"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3561"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}