{"id":3576,"date":"2021-01-31T21:17:53","date_gmt":"2021-01-31T21:17:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3576"},"modified":"2021-01-31T21:17:53","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T21:17:53","slug":"merking-ordasambanda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/01\/31\/merking-ordasambanda\/","title":{"rendered":"Merking or\u00f0asambanda"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00deegar fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a or\u00f0um saman \u00ed setningar er meginreglan s\u00fa a\u00f0 merkingin er leidd beint af merkingu or\u00f0anna og venslum \u00feeirra. Vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rum merkingu einstakra or\u00f0a en setningar eru margfalt kvikari en einst\u00f6k or\u00f0 og \u00feess vegna l\u00e6rum vi\u00f0 yfirleitt ekki merkingu \u00feeirra \u00ed heild, heldur r\u00e1\u00f0um hana af merkingu eininganna sem mynda \u00fe\u00e6r \u2013 or\u00f0anna. Fr\u00e1 \u00feessu eru \u00fe\u00f3 fj\u00f6lmargar og vel \u00feekktar undantekningar. M\u00e1lsh\u00e6ttir og or\u00f0t\u00f6k eru t.d. \u00feess e\u00f0lis a\u00f0 heildin hefur \u00e1kve\u00f0na merkingu, en einst\u00f6k or\u00f0 eru ekki skilin b\u00f3kstaflega. Ef merking allra setninga og or\u00f0asambanda \u00e1kvar\u00f0a\u00f0ist af merkingu or\u00f0anna \u00ed setningunni e\u00f0a or\u00f0asambandinu \u00feyrfti vitanlega ekki a\u00f0 semja heilu b\u00e6kurnar til a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra m\u00e1lsh\u00e6tti og or\u00f0t\u00f6k. En sama m\u00e1li gegnir um \u00fdmis \u00f6nnur f\u00f6st or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd. Vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum t.d. ekkert a\u00f0 vita hva\u00f0 takteinn<\/em> merkir, e\u00f0a hvort \u00fea\u00f0 merkir eitthva\u00f0 yfirleitt, til a\u00f0 skilja sambandi\u00f0 hafa \u00e1 takteinum \u2013 <\/em>vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rum merkingu sambandsins sem heildar.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta er l\u00edka \u00e1berandi me\u00f0 fj\u00f6lda sagnasambanda, eins og s\u00e9st \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00f6rg sl\u00edk samb\u00f6nd eru sk\u00fdr\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3kum. \u00deetta \u00e1 einkum vi\u00f0 samb\u00f6nd me\u00f0 s\u00f6gnum almennrar merkingar eins og\u00a0hafa<\/em>,\u00a0taka<\/em>, gera <\/em>o.fl. \u00cd\u00a0\u00cdslenskri n\u00fat\u00edmam\u00e1lsor\u00f0ab\u00f3k\u00a0<\/em>eru t.d. talin 15 samb\u00f6nd<\/a>\u00a0gera<\/em> me\u00f0 forsetningum og atviksor\u00f0um (\u00f6gnum), og \u00feessi 15 samb\u00f6nd hafa 28 mismunandi merkingar. \u00dear m\u00e1 nefna samb\u00f6ndin gera vi\u00f0<\/em> og gera upp<\/em> sem geta komi\u00f0 fyrir \u00ed svipu\u00f0u samhengi en merkja ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sama \u2013 \u00e9g ger\u00f0i vi\u00f0 b\u00edlinn<\/em> er anna\u00f0 en \u00e9g ger\u00f0i upp b\u00edlinn\/ger\u00f0i b\u00edlinn upp<\/em>. Or\u00f0in gera<\/em>, vi\u00f0<\/em> og upp<\/em> hafa \u00f6ll \u00e1kve\u00f0na grunnmerkingu, hvert fyrir sig, en \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00fatiloka\u00f0 a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 vi\u00f0<\/em> \u00ed sambandinu gera vi\u00f0<\/em> hafi s\u00f6mu merkingu og forsetningin vi\u00f0<\/em> \u2013 e\u00f0a upp<\/em> \u00ed sambandinu gera upp<\/em> hafi s\u00f6mu merkingu og atviksor\u00f0i\u00f0 upp<\/em>. Samb\u00f6ndin gera vi\u00f0<\/em> og gera upp<\/em> hafa hvort s\u00edna merkingu, en \u00fea\u00f0 er sambandi\u00f0 sem heild sem hefur hana \u2013 ekki einstakar einingar \u00feess.<\/p>\n

\u00deess vegna er ekkert \u201e\u00f3r\u00f6kr\u00e9tt\u201c e\u00f0a \u201erangt\u201c vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 ekki \u00f3sjaldan<\/em> merki<\/a> \u00fea\u00f0 sama og \u00f3sjaldan<\/em> \u2013 e\u00f0a \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milegt anna\u00f0 en <\/em>merki<\/a> \u00fea\u00f0 sama og \u00f3hj\u00e1kv\u00e6milegt<\/em>. \u00cd b\u00e1\u00f0um tilvikum er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd \u00fear sem hef\u00f0 hefur skapast fyrir \u00e1kve\u00f0inni merkingu sem vissulega er \u00ed andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu sem f\u00e6st \u00fat ef merking einstakra hluta sambandsins er l\u00f6g\u00f0 saman. En \u00fea\u00f0 skiptir bara engu m\u00e1li. Or\u00f0 og or\u00f0asamb\u00f6nd hafa \u00fe\u00e1 merkingu sem m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 gefur \u00feeim. \u00cd \u00feessum tilvikum er enginn vafi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hver h\u00fan er.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00deegar fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 ra\u00f0a or\u00f0um saman \u00ed setningar er meginreglan s\u00fa a\u00f0 merkingin er leidd beint af merkingu or\u00f0anna og venslum \u00feeirra. Vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rum merkingu einstakra or\u00f0a en setningar eru margfalt kvikari en einst\u00f6k or\u00f0 og \u00feess vegna l\u00e6rum vi\u00f0 yfirleitt ekki merkingu \u00feeirra \u00ed heild, heldur r\u00e1\u00f0um hana af merkingu eininganna sem mynda […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3576"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3577,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3576\/revisions\/3577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}