{"id":3597,"date":"2021-02-12T13:58:13","date_gmt":"2021-02-12T13:58:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3597"},"modified":"2021-02-12T13:58:52","modified_gmt":"2021-02-12T13:58:52","slug":"jon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/02\/12\/jon\/","title":{"rendered":"J\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>J\u00f3n<\/em> er algengasta karlmannsnafn m\u00e1lsins a\u00f0 fornu og n\u00fdju. \u00deetta er bibl\u00edunafn, komi\u00f0 af <em>J\u00f3hannes<\/em> \u2013 eitt fj\u00f6lmargra nafna sem komu inn \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 me\u00f0 kristninni. Fyrsti \u00cdslendingurinn sem bar \u00feetta nafn svo a\u00f0 vita\u00f0 s\u00e9 var J\u00f3n \u00d6gmundsson H\u00f3labiskup sem var f\u00e6ddur um mi\u00f0ja 11. \u00f6ld, \u00feannig a\u00f0 nafni\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00ed \u00fe\u00fasund \u00e1r. Samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur hefur \u00fea\u00f0 ekki laga\u00f0 sig a\u00f0 fullu a\u00f0 hlj\u00f3\u00f0kerfi og beygingakerfi m\u00e1lsins. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur sem s\u00e9 enga nefnifallsendingu, eins og karlkynsor\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feessa stofnger\u00f0 hafa annars, eins og sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 or\u00f0unum <em>prj\u00f3nn<\/em>, <em>sp\u00f3nn<\/em>, <em>\u00fej\u00f3nn<\/em>, <em>s\u00f3nn<\/em>, <em>t\u00f3nn<\/em>. Tv\u00f6 \u00feau s\u00ed\u00f0astnefndu eru t\u00f6kuor\u00f0 sem koma fyrir \u00e1n nefnifallsendingar \u00ed elstu heimildum, \u00ed myndunum <em>s\u00f3n<\/em> og <em>t\u00f3n<\/em>, en b\u00e6ttu flj\u00f3tlega vi\u00f0 sig endingu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed m\u00e1tt b\u00faast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 <em>J\u00f3n<\/em> yr\u00f0i *<em>J\u00f3nn<\/em>, en svo var\u00f0 ekki, \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir t\u00ed\u00f0ni nafnsins \u2013 e\u00f0a kannski einmitt vegna hennar. \u00dea\u00f0 er al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 algengustu or\u00f0 m\u00e1lsins komast miklu frekar en \u00f6nnur upp me\u00f0 \u00fdmiss konar \u00f3regluleik \u00ed beygingu. \u00deetta m\u00e1 t.d. sj\u00e1 \u00e1 pers\u00f3nuforn\u00f6fnum og \u00e1bendingarforn\u00f6fnum, \u00e1 or\u00f0inu <em>ma\u00f0ur<\/em>, \u00e1 l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0um eins og <em>margur<\/em>, <em>mikill<\/em>, <em>l\u00edtill<\/em>, \u00e1 sterkum s\u00f6gnum, o.fl. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0an er v\u00e6ntanlega s\u00fa a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rum \u00feessi or\u00f0 svo snemma og heyrum \u00feau svo oft a\u00f0 hinar \u00f3reglulegu myndir greypast \u00ed minni\u00f0 \u2013 vi\u00f0 \u00feurfum aldrei a\u00f0 beita almennum reglum til a\u00f0 reikna beyginguna \u00fat. \u00d3regluleg beyging \u00e1 hins vegar \u00ed v\u00f6k a\u00f0 verjast \u00ed sjaldg\u00e6fari or\u00f0um eins og <em>\u00e6r<\/em> og <em>k\u00fdr<\/em> \u2013 \u00fear h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 tilhneigingu til a\u00f0 beita almennum reglum.<\/p>\n<p>En \u00fe\u00f3tt <em>J\u00f3n<\/em> hafi ekki a\u00f0lagast m\u00e1lkerfinu \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir langa s\u00f6gu \u00ed m\u00e1linu gegnir \u00f6\u00f0ru m\u00e1li um n\u00fdrri or\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00f6mu stofnger\u00f0. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1879 birti <em>\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0\u00f3lfur <\/em>grein um hugvitsmanninn Edison og helstu uppfinningar hans. \u201eMe\u00f0al \u00feeirra eru merkastar: telef\u00f3ninn, f\u00f3nografinn og m\u00edkrof\u00f3ninn.\u201c \u00dearna eru or\u00f0in <em>telef\u00f3n<\/em> og <em>m\u00edkr\u00f3f\u00f3n<\/em> \u00e1n nefnifallsendingar, og sama gildir um \u00feau \u00f6rf\u00e1u d\u00e6mi um <em>telef\u00f3n<\/em> sem s\u00e1ust \u00e1 prenti n\u00e6stu 20 \u00e1rin. En \u00e1ri\u00f0 1900 birtist fyrsta d\u00e6mi um nefnifallsmyndina <em>telef\u00f3nn<\/em>, og s\u00fa mynd festist flj\u00f3tt \u00ed sessi \u2013 <em>m\u00edkr\u00f3f\u00f3nn<\/em> er miklu sjaldg\u00e6fara or\u00f0 og s\u00fa mynd s\u00e9st ekki fyrr en 1927. Nefnifallsmyndin <em>gramm\u00f3f\u00f3n<\/em> s\u00e9st fyrst 1906, en myndin <em>gramm\u00f3f\u00f3nn<\/em> birtist 10 \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00d6ll \u00feessi or\u00f0, <em>telef\u00f3nn<\/em>, <em>gramm\u00f3f\u00f3nn<\/em> og <em>m\u00edkr\u00f3f\u00f3nn<\/em>, laga sig \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00edslensku m\u00e1lkerfi \u00e1 mj\u00f6g stuttum t\u00edma \u2013 \u00f6fugt vi\u00f0 <em>J\u00f3n<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00feekkt a\u00f0 n\u00f6fn l\u00fata oft s\u00e9rst\u00f6kum l\u00f6gm\u00e1lum og haga s\u00e9r ekki endilega eins og \u00f6nnur or\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu. \u00dea\u00f0 birtist greinilega \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 <em>J\u00f3n <\/em>hefur ekki laga\u00f0 sig fullkomlega a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfinu \u00e1 \u00fe\u00fasund \u00e1rum, \u00fe\u00f3tt t\u00ed\u00f0ni nafnsins geti einnig spila\u00f0 \u00fear inn \u00ed eins og \u00e1\u00f0ur segir. En vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 n\u00f6fn eru \u00feannig afmarka\u00f0ur hluti or\u00f0afor\u00f0ans \u00fearf heg\u00f0un \u00feeirra ekki endilega a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hrif \u00e1 heg\u00f0un annarra or\u00f0a. \u00de\u00f3tt algengasta karlmannsnafn m\u00e1lsins v\u00e6ri \u00f3a\u00f0laga\u00f0 \u00f6ldum saman kom \u00fea\u00f0 ekki \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 n\u00fd or\u00f0 me\u00f0 s\u00f6mu stofnger\u00f0 l\u00f6gu\u00f0u sig a\u00f0 m\u00e1lkerfinu \u00e1 f\u00e1um \u00e1rum. \u00deetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f3tti margra vi\u00f0 \u00f3heft innstreymi erlendra mannanafna s\u00e9 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0ulaus \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 engin \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 erlend n\u00f6fn, jafnvel \u00fe\u00f3tt \u00feau lagi sig ekki a\u00f0 \u00edslensku m\u00e1lkerfi, hafi \u00e1hrif \u00fat fyrir nafnafor\u00f0ann, \u00fat \u00ed almennan or\u00f0afor\u00f0a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>J\u00f3n er algengasta karlmannsnafn m\u00e1lsins a\u00f0 fornu og n\u00fdju. \u00deetta er bibl\u00edunafn, komi\u00f0 af J\u00f3hannes \u2013 eitt fj\u00f6lmargra nafna sem komu inn \u00ed m\u00e1li\u00f0 me\u00f0 kristninni. Fyrsti \u00cdslendingurinn sem bar \u00feetta nafn svo a\u00f0 vita\u00f0 s\u00e9 var J\u00f3n \u00d6gmundsson H\u00f3labiskup sem var f\u00e6ddur um mi\u00f0ja 11. \u00f6ld, \u00feannig a\u00f0 nafni\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00ed m\u00e1linu \u00ed [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3597","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3597","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3597"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3597\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3599,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3597\/revisions\/3599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3597"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3597"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3597"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}