{"id":3723,"date":"2021-04-16T13:37:51","date_gmt":"2021-04-16T13:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/?p=3723"},"modified":"2021-04-16T13:37:51","modified_gmt":"2021-04-16T13:37:51","slug":"gagnsaei-nyyrda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/2021\/04\/16\/gagnsaei-nyyrda\/","title":{"rendered":"Gagns\u00e6i n\u00fdyr\u00f0a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er gaman a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r n\u00fdjum or\u00f0um \u2013 hvernig \u00feau ver\u00f0a til, hvernig vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur \u00feau f\u00e1, og hvernig h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 koma \u00feeim \u00ed almenna notkun. Hugmyndir okkar um (raunverulegt og \u00edmynda\u00f0) gagns\u00e6i \u00edslenskunnar gera \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 viljum helst geta lesi\u00f0 merkingu or\u00f0s \u00fat \u00far myndun \u00feess \u2013 ekki bara v\u00edsbendingu um merkinguna, og ekki bara hluta hennar, heldur <strong>alla <\/strong>merkinguna og ekkert umfram hana. \u00dea\u00f0 getur veri\u00f0 h\u00e6gara sagt en gert a\u00f0 koma henni allri fyrir \u00ed einu or\u00f0i \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 anna\u00f0 flj\u00f3ti me\u00f0. En ekki n\u00f3g me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u2013 \u00fea\u00f0 er hreint ekki v\u00edst a\u00f0 \u00f6llum sem nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 beri saman um merkingu \u00feess \u00ed sm\u00e1atri\u00f0um. \u00deess vegna er algengt a\u00f0 sumum \u00feyki tilteki\u00f0 n\u00fdyr\u00f0i villandi e\u00f0a \u00f3noth\u00e6ft vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 afvegalei\u00f0i m\u00e1lnotendur.<\/p>\n<p>Fyrir allnokkru var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>r\u00f6skun <\/em>og samsetningar af \u00fev\u00ed um \u00fea\u00f0 sem \u00e1 ensku heitir <em>disorder <\/em>\u2013 \u00fdmiss konar fr\u00e1vik fr\u00e1 d\u00e6miger\u00f0ri heg\u00f0un, l\u00edkamlegu atgervi e\u00f0a l\u00edkamsstarfsemi. \u00deetta er \u00e1g\u00e6tt or\u00f0 og \u00fdmsar samsetningar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed vel heppna\u00f0ar og miki\u00f0 nota\u00f0ar. Ein \u00feessara samsetninga er <em>m\u00f3t\u00fer\u00f3a\u00ferj\u00f3skur\u00f6skun<\/em> sem er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 <em>oppositional defiant disorder<\/em>. \u00deetta er me\u00f0 lengstu or\u00f0um \u2013 20 b\u00f3kstafir, sj\u00f6 atkv\u00e6\u00f0i og fj\u00f3rar r\u00e6tur. \u00dearna m\u00e1 velta fyrir s\u00e9r hvort nau\u00f0synlegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 enska heiti\u00f0 skili s\u00e9r svo n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega inn \u00ed \u00edslenska or\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki langt \u00e1 milli <em>m\u00f3t\u00fer\u00f3a<\/em> og <em>\u00ferj\u00f3sku<\/em> merkingarlega s\u00e9\u00f0, og e.t.v. hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 heppilegra a\u00f0 tala anna\u00f0hvort um <em>m\u00f3t\u00fer\u00f3ar\u00f6skun<\/em> e\u00f0a <em>\u00ferj\u00f3skur\u00f6skun<\/em>. En \u00e9g er ekki s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i og get ekki fullyrt um \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>Anna\u00f0 d\u00e6mi, talsvert \u00f3l\u00edkt, m\u00e1 taka af heiti farart\u00e6kis sem \u00e1 ensku nefnist <em>electric scooter<\/em>. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur undanfari\u00f0 brei\u00f0st \u00fat eins og eldur \u00ed sinu h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi og \u00fev\u00ed hefur spurningin um hva\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 kalla \u00feetta fyrirb\u00e6ri \u00e1 \u00edslensku i\u00f0ulega komi\u00f0 upp. Upphaflega var \u00feetta oft kalla\u00f0 <em>rafmagnshlaupahj\u00f3l<\/em> vegna \u00fatlitsl\u00edkingar vi\u00f0 g\u00f6mlu hlaupahlj\u00f3lin. En b\u00e6\u00f0i er \u00feetta langt og stirt or\u00f0 og svo finnst sumum or\u00f0hlutanum <em>hlaup<\/em> vera ofauki\u00f0 \u2013 f\u00f3lk hleypur ekki \u00ed neinum skilningi \u00e1 \u00feessum hj\u00f3lum eins og \u00e1 f\u00f3tkn\u00fanum hlaupahj\u00f3lum. \u00deess \u00ed sta\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>rafsk\u00fata<\/em> vera meira og meira nota\u00f0 um fyrirb\u00e6ri\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 or\u00f0 er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 mynda\u00f0 me\u00f0 hli\u00f0sj\u00f3n af enska heitinu \u2013 <em>raf<\/em> sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 <em>electric <\/em>og <em>sk\u00fata <\/em>sem hlj\u00f3\u00f0l\u00edking vi\u00f0 <em>scooter<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Sl\u00edkar hlj\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegar a\u00f0laganir eru au\u00f0vita\u00f0 ekki einsd\u00e6mi og margar fullkomlega vi\u00f0urkenndar, t.d. <em>b\u00e6ti<\/em> sem er komi\u00f0 af <em>byte<\/em>. En \u00fdmsum \u00feykir <em>rafsk\u00fata<\/em> \u00f3t\u00e6kt or\u00f0 vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>sk\u00fata<\/em> er vitanlega til \u00ed m\u00e1linu, \u00ed ger\u00f3l\u00edkri merkingu. \u00dea\u00f0 er samt ekki endilega n\u00e6g \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 hafna or\u00f0inu. \u00dea\u00f0 eru fj\u00f6lm\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi \u00ed m\u00e1linu um samhlj\u00f3ma or\u00f0 \u2013 or\u00f0 sem hlj\u00f3ma eins en merkja ekki \u00fea\u00f0 sama og eiga s\u00e9r mismunandi uppruna. Eitt d\u00e6mi er or\u00f0i\u00f0 <em>bakki<\/em> sem getur <a href=\"https:\/\/malid.is\/leit\/bakki\">merkt<\/a> 'barmur, br\u00fan; h\u00f3ll, h\u00e6\u00f0; aflangur sk\u00fdjab\u00f3lstur (vi\u00f0 sj\u00f3ndeildarhring); bakbr\u00fan \u00e1 eggj\u00e1rni' og 'grunnt fat, sm\u00e1skutull (til a\u00f0 bera vistir \u00e1 bor\u00f0), bytta'. Fyrra or\u00f0i\u00f0 er af germanskri r\u00f3t en \u00fea\u00f0 seinna komi\u00f0 \u00far lat\u00ednu og jafnvel upphaflega keltneskt samkv\u00e6mt <em>\u00cdslenskri or\u00f0sifjab\u00f3k<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00deessi tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi eru vissulega ger\u00f3l\u00edk \u2013 anna\u00f0 er \u00ed\u00f0or\u00f0 \u00far \u00e1kve\u00f0inni fr\u00e6\u00f0igrein, hitt er or\u00f0 \u00far almennu m\u00e1li. \u00deau s\u00fdna samt b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fdmis \u00e1litam\u00e1l sem koma upp \u00feegar veri\u00f0 er a\u00f0 finna \u00edslensk or\u00f0 fyrir n\u00fd hugt\u00f6k og fyrirb\u00e6ri. \u00dear h\u00e6ttir okkur til a\u00f0 vera b\u00f3kstafstr\u00faar og festa okkur \u00ed einhverjum reglum og vi\u00f0mi\u00f0um sem vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum einhvers sta\u00f0ar l\u00e6rt, e\u00f0a hafa komi\u00f0 fram hj\u00e1 einhverjum sem telja sig vita hvernig or\u00f0in eigi a\u00f0 vera. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekkert a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 mismunandi sko\u00f0anir \u00e1 n\u00fdjum or\u00f0um og mismunandi till\u00f6gur um or\u00f0 komi fram, b\u00e6\u00f0i fr\u00e1 s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed svi\u00f0i sem um er a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a og fr\u00e1 m\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingum. En \u00e1 endanum er \u00fea\u00f0 m\u00e1lsamf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 sem sker \u00far um \u00fea\u00f0 hva\u00f0a or\u00f0 lifa \u2013 og hva\u00f0a merkingu \u00feau hafa.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00dea\u00f0 er gaman a\u00f0 velta fyrir s\u00e9r n\u00fdjum or\u00f0um \u2013 hvernig \u00feau ver\u00f0a til, hvernig vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur \u00feau f\u00e1, og hvernig h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 koma \u00feeim \u00ed almenna notkun. Hugmyndir okkar um (raunverulegt og \u00edmynda\u00f0) gagns\u00e6i \u00edslenskunnar gera \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 verkum a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 viljum helst geta lesi\u00f0 merkingu or\u00f0s \u00fat \u00far myndun \u00feess \u2013 ekki bara [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":141,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[158635],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-malfar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3723","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/141"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3723"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3723\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3724,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3723\/revisions\/3724"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3723"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3723"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uni.hi.is\/eirikur\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3723"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}